Modelling component cost in compression moulding of thermoplastic composite and sandwich components

Thermoplastic composite and sandwich materials offer a potential of reducing component weight and improving recyclability while at the same time enhancing process economy through reduced manufacturing cycle time. The economical aspects of compression moulding of three different thermoplastic composite and sandwich material systems are modelled herein and are compared to compression moulding of a thermoset sheet moulding compound and stamping of sheet metal. A program has been developed which predicts component cost for different component sizes and complexities. It is found that raw material cost strongly dominates component cost for compression moulding of composite components, while in sheet metal stamping component cost is dominated by equipment costs.The model shows that thermoplastic composites are cost competitive for small to medium sized components and short production series of large components. The sandwich concepts offers a potential of further reducing component cost compared to composites, thus making the concept interesting for larger components, but still for short to intermediate production series, which is illustrated by calculating component cost for compression moulding of a sandwich tailgate.     

PEMFC金属双极板冲压成形数值模拟与实验

目的 研究金属双极板冲压成形过程中各工艺参数和模具结构参数对成形质量的影响。方法 采用Dynaform有限元分析软件对SS304双通道蛇形流道双极板冲压成形过程进行模拟。研究模具圆角半径、模具锥度、压边力、拉延筋等因素对双极板成形质量的影响。结果 增加模具圆角半径和模具锥度可防止双极板破裂。适当增大压边力能有效消除起皱缺陷,设置拉延筋能有效改善坯料流动情况,必要时需设置多重拉延筋使零件成形完全。当模具圆角半径为0.25 mm,模具锥度为0°,拉伸深度为0.5 mm,压边力大小为60 kN,并采用双重拉延筋的情况下,所成形的金属双极板质量良好,无破裂、起皱、成形不足等缺陷。结论 模拟结果与实验结果一致,验证了模拟结果的正确性,可见采用冲压工艺成形金属双极板是可行的。     

Feature-based metal stamping part and process design. Part II: stamping process planning

In metal stamping development, stamping process planning plays quite an important role for the related die design. As mentioned in Part-I [Feature-based metal stamping part and process design. Part 1: stampability evaluation, 2007, 45, 2673–2695], the feature can encapsulate comprehensive engineering information; this paper proposes to realize stamping process planning based on feature mapping. A feature mapping system, between a stamping design feature space and a stamping process feature space, has been presented. The inherent mechanism of such feature mapping has been investigated with formal representations. The substance of feature mapping is the processing of related knowledge and information. Mapping rules are established to generate the stamping operation and stamping direction. Four mapping manners (direct mapping, conjugate mapping, syncretic mapping, and sequential mapping) are presented for generating the form of process feature, through geometrical information transformation from design features. Meanwhile, considering a stamping process plan as an ordered tree, this paper has introduced how to build a stamping process plan through organizing the stamping operations mapped from design features, and an illustrative example is demonstrated.     

铝合金板料冲压成形的模拟分析

以某客车后围下延伸板为研究对象,运用仿真软件分别对铝合金板和低碳钢板进行冲压成形模拟分析,得到在工艺条件相同的情况下这2种材料成形性的差异,以及获得铝合金成形合格产品的工艺条件。     

Feature-based metal stamping part and process design. Part I: stampability evaluation

It is essential to devise a representation scheme for the metal stamping part design which allows the designer to capture and reason the design information, and ultimately, to take various considerations into account and make evaluation decisions. In our research, the feature-based approach is used to represent the metal stamping part, and feature-based metal stamping part and process design has been studied and presented in a two-part paper. This is the first of a two-part paper focusing on stampability evaluation. In Part II a feature-based stamping process planning approach is investigated. This paper presents a feature- and knowledge-based stampability evaluation system. Tasks of this research include identification of the aims, criteria, and procedure of stampability evaluation, as well as the formalization of the stampability evaluation knowledge. Stampability evaluation is classified into stampability verification and stampability measurement. Stampability verification is used to determine whether a part design is stampable or not. Stampability measurement can be employed to select a best design from stampable candidate designs. Based on the stamping design feature definition, a stampability-coding scheme with incorporated knowledge has been developed to enable comprehensive stampability evaluation. Finally, a case study demonstrates the feasibility of such stampability evaluation system.     

AA5052板材准静态/动态平面应变成形极限试验研究

为建立磁脉冲辅助冲压成形(EMAS)工艺的有效性,采用准静态平面应变预拉伸和动态磁脉冲成形相结合的方法对5052-O铝合金板材的准静态/动态平面应变状态复合成形极限进行了试验研究.结果表明:准静态/动态复合加载过程能显著改善该铝合金板材的室温成形性;准静态/动态平面应变复合成形极限比准静态平面应变成形极限有显著提高,相似或者略高于完全磁脉冲平面应变成形性,且随着准静态预应变水平的增加,准静态/动态复合变形成形极限变化不大.预变形的存在不会削弱复合成形过程的极限变形能力.     

汽车前围板冲压数值模拟及工艺参数优化

针对汽车覆盖件冲压过程变形复杂的特点,对某型号汽车前围板零件拉深过程进行数值模拟,分析压边力及拉延筋的变化对该零件成形效果的影响.通过成形极限图优化压边力及拉延筋,最终获取该零件拉深工序合适的工艺参数,为汽车覆盖件冲压工艺提供快速、有效的设计方法.     

基于支持向量机和重要度抽样的高强度钢板冲压成形工艺稳健设计

高强度钢板成形中噪声因素的存在造成了冲压质量不稳定.提出了基于支持向量机和重要度抽样的板料成形工艺稳健设计方法,量化了噪声因素对成形质量的影响,同时结合优化算法求解即满足质量可靠性又保证质量目标最优的工艺条件.对一高强度钢板冲压实例进行了工艺优化.按优化工艺冲压成形的零件减薄率及回弹均有所改善,验证了该方法的有效性.     

平压平烫印机大版面烫印技术分析

目的解决平压平烫印机大面积烫印铝箔与承印品粘连问题。方法通过对烫印过程中铝箔与印刷品产生粘连的原因进行分析,结合生产实际,提出大版面烫印过程应注意的问题。结果采用同向揭纸方式,有0.5 kg/mm2的力作用在电化铝箔与承印品之间,易于分离;增加风力,采用直径约为1~2 mm小孔吹风管设计;采用改进正弦变速运动方式进行伺服跟踪控制;选用大版面烫印专用电化铝箔,以利于分离铝箔与承印品。结论从揭纸方式、吹风系统、伺服系统和电化铝箔材料选择等4个方面来改进设计方案与烫印工艺,并控制好烫印过程中的速度、温度、压力等各相关因素,即可获得理想烫印效果。     

铝合金弹壳成形及失效分析

随着现代化战争对武器轻量化的迫切需要,高强轻质铝合金弹壳的研制已成为世界各国的重点研究方向。铝合金弹壳成形工艺一般有拉深变薄、挤压和旋压等方法,其在制备成形过程中的失效方式复杂多变,失效原因多种多样。基于自主开发的高强高韧铝合金弹壳,介绍了铝合金弹壳材料制备技术和模具冲压成形技术,综述了铝合金弹壳的成形工艺、失效方式和性能特征,分析了金属弹壳的失效原因和解决措施,展望了轻质铝合金弹壳的发展趋势。     

基于结构-工艺协同优化的车门外板冲压成形

目的实现铝合金车门外板结构与冲压成形工艺参数的协同优化,解决零件冲压成形时破裂与过度减薄等问题。方法从材料流动与应力分布等角度入手,对车门的尺寸和形状参数进行优化,同时利用有限元分析软件AutoForm来获取一组最优的冲压工艺参数组合,最终通过产品的工厂试制进行验证。结果铝合金车门外板的冲压成形性大幅度提升,解决了车门外板冲压成形破裂等问题。结论研究结果对大型车身覆盖件的结构设计与冲压工艺有重要的指导意义。     

硬铝合金半球形零件的渐进成形工艺研究

目的 研究冲压胀形工艺与渐进成形工艺成形半球形零件的区别。方法 使用两种热处理状态的硬铝合金,AA2024-O和AA2024-T4,分别用冲压胀形工艺和渐进成形工艺成形半球形零件。结果 相比较渐进成形零件而言,使用冲压胀形工艺得出的半球形零件的壁厚相对均匀,变形程度可以达到更大;在相同的试验条件下,AA2024-O的成形性能远高于AA2024-T4的成形性能;在本实验所研究的参数范围内,下压量越小,成形高度越大,对AA2024-O进给速率越快,成形高度越大;而对AA2024-T4进给速率越慢,成形高度越大;对于胀形零件,材料在胀形过程中处于双向拉伸应变状态,而渐进成形零件在成形过程中处于平面应变状态;胀形零件的最大应变和最大减薄处是半球的中心,而渐进成形零件的最大应变和最大减薄处是半球的边缘。结论 胀形零件的危险截面在半球的中心,渐进成形零件的危险截面在半球的边缘。     

A Comparative Study on the Production of a Hat Profile by Roll Forming and Stamping

Lightweight design using high-strength aluminum alloys has gained importance due to the continuing need for weight reduction and increasing crash safety requirements in the automotive industry. There are various manufacturing processes available for processing high-strength aluminum alloys. Herein, the production of high-strength aluminum parts by roll forming and stamping based on the example of an AA7075-T6 hat profile is compared. Roll forming represents a continuous manufacturing process, while stamping is a discontinuous process. Different process routes (T6, W-Temper and O) for roll forming as well as for stamping (T6, W-Temper, O and hot forming) are in focus of the investigation. Fundamental differences of the forming processes and the tempering condition are observed and criteria for the choice of the manufacturing process and process route are presented. The temperature-supported process routes improve the poor cold formability of AA7075 alloy and thus enhance the process window. Potential is offered for both manufacturing processes by applying tailored properties achieved through targeted quenching.     

Investigation into the Fiber Orientation Effect on the Formability of GLARE Materials in the Stamp Forming Process

Glass-reinforced aluminum laminate (GLARE) is a new class of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) which has the advantages such as high tensile strength, outstanding fatigue, impact resistance, and excellent corrosion properties. GLARE has been extensively applied in advanced aerospace and automobile industries. However, the deformation behavior of the glass fiber during forming must be studied to the benefits of the good-quality part we form. In this research, we focus on the effect of fiber layer orientation on the GLARE laminate formability in stamp forming process. Experimental and numerical analysis of stamping a hemisphere part in different fiber orientation is investigated. The results indicate that unidirectional and multi-directional fiber in the middle layer make a significant effect on the thinning and also surface forming quality of the three layer sheet. Furthermore, the stress-strain distribution of the aluminum alloy and the unique anisotropic property of the fiber layer exhibit that fiber layer orientation can also affect the forming depths as well as the fracture modes of the laminate. According to the obtained results, it is revealed that multi-directional fiber layers are a good alternative compared to the unidirectional fibers especially when a better formability is the purpose.     

电流辅助高强钢板热成形工艺数值模拟研究

目的探究电流辅助高强钢板热成形工艺中坯料自阻加热的加热机理,揭示电一热一力三场耦合条件下金属板材的塑形变形规律,为工艺方案及工艺参数的制定提供理论依据。方法利用FEM软件对电流辅助高强钢板的热成形过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果获得了通电加热时坯料的温度场,并通过热一力耦合分析,得到了板材热成形时的应力及应变的分布规律。结论采用该加热方式可极大地提高加热速率,经过几十秒的加热即在变形坯料上获得了较均匀的温度场,满足板材热成形要求。应力、应变分析表明,加热时产生的压应力缓解了坯料变形时的应力集中,有助于板料塑性成形。     

大型薄壁铝合金半球壳体旋压成形工艺研究

为满足航天用大型薄壁球形贮箱壳体整体成形需求,采用冲压预成型和旋压相结合的工艺方法,通过对预成形件形状、旋压轨迹、道次等工艺参数的研究,获得了合理的大型薄壁铝合金球形壳体整体成形工艺,制造出精度符合使用要求的薄壁贮箱壳体。工艺研究结果表明,冲压预成型件的形状、尺寸精度及旋压过程中普旋道次、强旋减薄率均对最终产品成形精度有显著影响。采用冲压预成型与旋压结合的工艺方法能够提高生产效率,发挥旋压工艺和设备的优势,使大型薄壁球形贮箱壳体的整体成形得以实现。     

基于数值模拟的隔热板零件冲压工艺研究

目的研究隔热板零件冲压过程中的最优化成形工艺参数。方法利用Dynaform软件先对零件模型的成形进行了初步数值分析,根据成形后的成形极限图(FLD)与厚度分布图,确定了合理的拉延筋分布位置与对应的锁死率;再通过正交试验研究了冲压工艺参数。结果得出了压边力、锁模力、板料厚度和摩擦因数对隔热板成形过程中拉裂和起皱趋势的影响规律。结论得到了成形过程中合理的成形工艺参数,最大减薄率控制在22%以下,未变形区较少。     

超混杂纤维金属层板成形方法研究进展

纤维金属层板(Fiber Metal Laminate, FMLs)作为一类兼具金属和复合材料优势的超混杂材料,凭借其优异的性能在航空航天和汽车领域应用广泛,其中商业化最成功的是玻璃纤维增强铝合金层板。首先按照组成金属与增强纤维的种类将纤维金属层板的分类进行介绍,并对其历史背景与研究进展进行了回顾。由于各成形方法涉及的变形机理不同,结合成形过程中几何尺寸和工艺参数对FMLs成形性能的影响,对其回弹、起皱、分层和开裂等成形缺陷和成形难点进行了分析。综述了现阶段国内外自成形、冲压成形、喷丸成形、充液成形和激光成形等技术的发展与应用现状,并对每种技术的优缺点及适用零件的类型进行探究。深入讨论了现有成形技术所遇到的挑战,其中重点对充液成形与冲压成形进行介绍。此外,简要介绍了FMLs在成形过程中的变形机理、变形模式和成形质量。在对各方面因素进行全面分析的基础上,讨论了FMLs成形技术未来的发展方向与挑战,此工作对科研人员未来开发新的成形方法具有一定意义。     

金属板料冲压成形过程有限元分析软件的开发

报道了最新开发的金属板料冲压成形过程有限元分析软件－SheetForm,它是一个将大变形弹塑性有限元法应用于金属板料冲压成形过程的模拟分析软件。它能模拟成形过程中出现的起皱和破裂等成形缺陷,对其功能、特点、使用方法和适用条件分别进行了介绍,并对大量的实例进行了分析模拟,得到了很好的模拟结果。     

The stamping behavior of an early-aged 6061 aluminum alloy

The stamping behavior of 6061 aluminum alloy with various conditions of early-aging is investigated in the present study. The relationship between the stamping performance, microstructure and mechanical property for this alloy is also discussed. Experimental results show that the 6061 aluminum alloy with a 10–30 min. early-aging at 160 °C will exhibit excellent stamping performance. The burnished surface of these treated alloys can reach a quite high value of 47%. Meanwhile, the mechanical strength and impact toughness have important effects on the stamping behavior of 6061 aluminum alloy. The moderate values of mechanical strength and toughness will exhibit an optimal stamping performance.