TiO2载Cu2+、Zn2+无机抗菌剂的制备及性能研究

采用固相合成法制备以TiO2为载体,以Cu2 、Zn2 为主要抗菌成分的无机抗菌剂,研究了制备条件及Cu2 、Zn2 含量对抗菌性能的影响,结果表明:当热处理温度为450～600℃,保温时间为2h,Cu2 和Zn2 质量百分含量比为(0.66～1.18):(2～3)时,样品均具有较好的抗菌效果;具有最好抗菌效果的样品中,TiO2以锐钛矿相存在,同时羟基氧的生成及Cu2 和Cu 的共存,使得样品具有良好的抗菌效果.     

Sol-Gel法和微波法合成亚纳米级 Zn2SiO4:Mn2+高效绿色荧光体

采用Sol-Gel法和微波法合成了亚纳米级Zn2SiO4:Mn2+高效绿色光致发光荧光体,考察了Mn2+单掺的荧光体的发光行为及掺杂浓度对产物发光性质的影响. 微波条件下合成的荧光体,有两个激发峰和一个发射峰分别恒定于214、249和522nm , 即它们均不随掺杂离子浓度不同而改变. SEM表明Zn2SiO4:Mn2+粒度为150350nm的不规则的球形.     

Zn~(2+)荧光探针活性染料的制备及性能研究

设计合成了两种以水杨醛苯甲酰肼腙为主体的三嗪类活性染料分子,采用红外、核磁共振等技术对分子结构进行表征。采用紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱对其光学性能和Zn2+检测性能进行了研究,分析了分子结构对Zn2+荧光探针性能的影响与规律,从实验与理论计算分别研究Zn2+荧光探针的机理。发现三嗪类活性染料荧光探针的荧光强度与Zn2+浓度成良好的线性关系,线性范围1~10,0.1~5μmol/L,实际检测限为3,1μmol/L。     

Zn2+掺杂诱导Eu3+激活BiOCl层状半导体的反常发光性能研究

采用固相法在500℃下成功制备Zn²⁺掺杂BiOCl:Eu³⁺层状半导体, 并研究了Zn²⁺ (0~20mol%)掺杂对Eu³⁺激活BiOCl层状半导体发光性能的影响。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、激发-发射光谱、荧光寿命衰减曲线对样品的结构和性能进行表征。研究发现, 随Zn²⁺掺杂浓度增大, BiOCl晶体结构不变, Eu³⁺荧光寿命延长, 但发光强度却出现先减后增的反常现象。综合分析表明这可能与BiOCl特殊的层状结构有关。通过XRD和XPS的表征可以推断: 当Zn²⁺掺杂浓度≤10mol%, Zn²⁺在BiOCl中掺杂方式以晶胞层间隙掺杂为主; 当Zn²⁺掺杂浓度>10mol%后, 掺杂方式逐渐向取代掺杂转变。两种掺杂机制对Eu³⁺荧光寿命的改变以及形成缺陷对基质能量传递效率的影响可能是形成上述反常现象的主要原因。研究结果有助于认识稀土掺杂层状半导体的发光性能及影响规律, 并对Eu³⁺掺杂BiOCl这类新型发光材料的开发设计具有指导意义。     

绿色荧光粉Zn_2Ca(PO_4)_2:Tb~(3+)的制备及发光性能研究

采用高温固相法合成了绿色荧光粉Zn2Ca(PO4)2:Tb3+,测定了该荧光粉的XRD图谱、激发光谱及发射光谱。XRD图谱表明在高温还原气氛下合成了纯相的荧光粉Zn2Ca(PO4)2:Tb3+。该荧光粉的激发谱位于340～400nm。在紫外激发下主要发射峰位于490、544、584、622nm,对应于Tb3+的5D4→7F6、5D4→7F5、5D4→7F4、5D4→7F3的特征发射。考察了Tb3+的掺杂浓度对样品发光效率的影响,分析了Tb3+的544nm发射的自身浓度猝灭机理并探讨了敏化剂Ce3+离子的加入对荧光粉发光的影响。此绿色荧光粉Zn2Ca(PO4)2:Tb3+是一种很有潜力的适于UVLED管芯激发的发光粉。     

Zn^2＋和CO^2＋对汽车件无镍常温磷化膜性能的影响

由于Ni2 污染环境,汽车磷化向无Ni或低Ni方向发展,采用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了Zn2 ,Co2 浓度对常温低锌汽车磷化膜性能的影响,对磷化液中添加不同量Co2 所形成的磷化膜做了对比试验.证实Co2 能细化磷化膜的晶粒形态,同时使磷化膜晶粒由片状向柱状转变;耐碱蚀试验表明,当Co2 从0.084g/L增加到0.420g/L时,在碱液中15min后的失重量从1.07g/m2下降到了0.60g/m2,这表明磷化液中Co2 的加入能提高磷化膜耐碱性,有利于提高随后的电泳涂膜的附着力(均达到1级)和耐冲击性能.试验证明,在汽车常温磷化中采用Co2 取代Ni是一种可行的方式.     

PVA-assisted hydrated vanadium pentoxide/reduced graphene oxide films for excellent Li+and Zn2+storage properties

Low-cost,high safety and environment-friendly aqueous energy storage systems(ESSs)are huge poten-tial for grid-level energy storage,but the(de)intercalation of metal ions in the electrode materials(e.g.vanadium oxides)to obtain superior long-term cycling stability is a significant challenge.Herein,we demonstrate that polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-assisted hydrated vanadium pentoxide/reduced graphene oxide(V2O5·nH2O/rGO/PVA,denoted as the VGP)films enable long cycle stability and high capacity for the Li+and Zn2+storages in both the VGP//LiCl(aq)//VGP and the VGP//ZnSO4(aq)//Zn cells.The binder-free VGP films are synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method combination with the filtration.The extensive hydrogen bonds are formed among PVA,GO and H2O,and they act as structural pillars and connect the adjacent layers as glue,which contributes to the ultrahigh specific capacitance and ultralong cyclic performance of Li+and Zn2+storage properties.As for Li+storage,the binder-free VGP4 film(4 mg PVA)electrode achieves the highest specific capacitance up to 1381 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 in the three-electrode system and 962 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 in the symmetric two-electrode system.It also behaves the outstanding cyclic performance with the capacitance retention of 96.5％after 15000 cycles in the three-electrode system and 99.7％after 25000 cycles in the symmetric two-electrode system.As for Zn2+storage,the binder-free VGP4 film electrode exhibits the high specific capacity of 184 mA h g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in the VGP4//ZnSO4(aq)//Zn cell and the superb cycle performance of 98.5％after 25000 cycles.This work not only provides a new strategy for the construction of vanadium oxides composites and demonstrates the potential application of PVA-assisted binder-free film with excellent electrochemical properties,but also extends to construct other potential electrode materials for metal ion storage cells.     

Unravelling H+/Zn2+ Synergistic Intercalation in a Novel Phase of Manganese Oxide for High‐Performance Aqueous Rechargeable Battery

Aqueous Zn‐MnO₂ batteries using mild electrolyte show great potential in large‐scale energy storage (LSES) application, due to high safety and low cost. However, structure collapse of manganese oxides upon cycling caused by the conversion mechanism (e.g., from tunnel to layer structures for α‐, β‐, and γ‐phases) is one of the most urgent issues plaguing its practical applications. Herein, to avoid the phase conversion issue and enhance battery performance, a structurally robust novel phase of manganese oxide MnO₂H_0.16(H₂O)_0.27 (MON) nanosheet with thickness of ≈2.5 nm is designed and synthesized as a promising cathode material, in which a nanosheet structure combined with a novel H⁺/Zn²⁺ synergistic intercalation mechanism is demonstrated and evidenced. Accordingly, a high‐performance Zn/MON cell is achieved, showing a high energy density of ≈228.5 Wh kg^?1, impressive cyclability with capacity retention of 96% at 0.5 C after 300 cycles, as well as exhibiting rate performance of 115.1 mAh g^?1 at current rate of 10 C. To the best current knowledge, this H⁺/Zn²⁺ synergistic intercalation mechanism is first reported in an aqueous battery system, which opens a new opportunity for development of high‐performance aqueous Zn ion batteries for LSES.     

硅铬共掺杂尖晶石长余辉材料Zn1+xGa2-2xSixO4:Cr3+中近红外余辉的增强及陷阱分布分析

本论文基于硅铬共掺杂, 合成得到了一种尖晶石长余辉材料Zn_1+xGa_2-2xSi_xO₄:Cr ³⁺。实验采用高温固相法, 按照设计的化学计量比精确称量ZnO、Ga₂O₃、SiO₂和Cr₂O₃等原料, 制备了一系列硅铬共掺杂的镓酸锌尖晶石长余辉材料, 其化学式为Zn_1+xGa_2-2xSi_xO₄:Cr ³⁺(x=0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.5, 1)。实验结果表明: 采用硅铬共掺杂方式后, 引入合适浓度的硅离子可有效改善余辉性能。当x=0.2时, 样品余辉强度最佳, 相比ZnGa₂O₄:Cr ³⁺增强了3倍, 并且余辉持续时间长达24 h。进一步的陷阱分布分析表明, 在ZnGa₂O₄基质基础上引入硅掺杂, 可有效调控不同陷阱深度的分布。即在丰富的反位缺陷基础上, 硅的共掺杂可增加不等价替换缺陷和填隙缺陷等, 并可调控禁带宽度及缺陷形成, 从而实现改善余辉性能的目的。     

Facile Synthesis of γ‐In2Se3 Nanoflowers toward High Performance Self‐Powered Broadband γ‐In2Se3/Si Heterojunction Photodiode

An effective colloidal process involving the hot‐injection method is developed to synthesize uniform nanoflowers consisting of 2D γ‐In₂Se₃ nanosheets. By exploiting the narrow direct bandgap and high absorption coefficient in the visible light range of In₂Se₃, a high‐quality γ‐In₂Se₃/Si heterojunction photodiode is fabricated. This photodiode shows a high photoresponse under light illumination, short response/recovery times, and long‐term durability. In addition, the γ‐In₂Se₃/Si heterojunction photodiode is self‐powered and displays a broadband spectral response ranging from UV to IR with a high responsivity and detectivity. These excellent performances make the γ‐In₂Se₃/Si heterojunction very interesting as highly efficient photodetectors.     

Zn2GeO4微米球的一步合成及其光催化制氢活性

采用微波辅助水热法一步合成尺寸约为5 μm的Zn₂GeO₄微米球。实验研究了微波水热的反应温度、反应时间、乙酸锌与氧化锗的摩尔比等因素对合成Zn₂GeO₄微米球的影响。采用FE-SEM、TEM、XRD和UV-Vis对合成的微米球进行表征。结果表明, 当乙酸锌：氧化锗为6:2, 微波辐射温度为170℃, 反应时间10 min, 尿素用量3.604 g, 制备的Zn₂GeO₄微米球具有良好的光催化效果。实验测试Zn₂GeO₄微米球比表面积为13 m²/g, 在紫外光辐射下, 在甲醇体系中的光解水产氢速率可达到3.76 mmol/(h·g)。该方法缩短反应时间, 增强了光催化活性。     

氮化锌空心粉末的制备和表征

报道了氮化锌空心粉末的制备和表征。将纯Zn粉置于流量为500mL／min的NH3气流中,在600℃温度下氮化150min,制备出Zn3N2空心粉末。用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对制备的Zn3N2空心粉末进行了确认、观测和表征。     

含萘酰亚胺荧光聚合物的合成及对Pd2+识别研究

以4-溴-1,8-萘二甲酸酐为原料,经亚胺化、酯化等反应,设计合成了一种新的乙烯基荧光功能单体N-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-4-溴-1,8-萘酰亚胺(NPMA),并用此单体与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)通过自由基聚合制备了荧光共聚物PⅠ、PⅡ和PⅢ.采用1H NMR(核磁共振氢谱)、UV-vis(紫外-可见)光谱和荧光光谱对共聚物的结构及性能进行了表征,结果表明聚合物对金属pd2+具有高灵敏度的选择性识别作用.     

高孔率网状Cu+CeO_2/Cu抗菌材料的制备及其抗菌性能

以泡沫海绵为基体材料,通过电镀的方法制备了高孔率网状Cu+CeO2/Cu抗菌材料,研究了制备条件并测定了其孔隙率和比表面积,评价了其抗菌性能.结果表明,网状Cu+CeO2/Cu抗菌材料的孔隙率高达95%以上,其比表面积约为31.4m2/cm3,对于大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念珠菌3种菌种均具有良好的抗菌性能.     

尖晶石型Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4纳米晶体的制备及电磁性能研究

以金属离子的柠檬酸盐为前驱体，通过sol-gel自燃烧的合成方法制备了镍锌铁氧体（Ni0．8Zn0．2Fe2O4）纳米晶体。采用FT-IR、DSC-TG、XRD、TEM波导等方法对产物以及产物的电磁性能进行了表征。结果表明，在前驱体中，金属离子与柠檬酸以络合物的形式存在，凝胶在220℃完成自燃烧反应，随着热处理温度的升高，粉体的粒径逐渐增大，纳米晶体在8-12GHz的测试条件下具有介电损耗与磁损耗，随着涂层厚度的增加，混合媒质的微波反射率逐渐增加，反射率吸收峰随着厚度的增加向低频移动。     

聚吡咯/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4复合物的合成与表征

采用超声场下原位聚合法制备聚吡咯/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4(PPy/NZFO)复合物。分别采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、四探针测试仪和矢量网络分析仪对其结构、形貌、电性能和吸波性能进行研究。结果表明:APS/Py摩尔比为0.75的条件下可获得团聚程度较小、粒径大小比较均匀的聚吡咯颗粒。随着超声聚合反应时间的延长,聚吡咯颗粒的粒径呈现增大趋势。PPy/NZFO复合物的电导率与PPy含量成正比。复合物的吸波性能较纯PPy有很大提高,在5~20GHz频率范围内,NZFO含量为40%(质量分数)的复合物反射损耗都在-12dB以上,在18.15GHz处具有最大的反射损耗-16.76dB,-15dB有效带宽为1.65GHz。     

白光LED用新型红色荧光粉Li2SrSiO4:Eu3+的合成及性质

以金属硝酸盐为原料,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,采用凝胶-燃烧法合成了新型红色荧光粉Li2SrSi04:Eu3+,用红外分光光度计、X射线粉末衍射仪、荧光分光光度计等手段研究了该荧光粉的形成过程、结构及发光性能.结果表明:凝胶燃烧所得前驱物在700℃焙烧3h即得目标产物Li2SrSi04:Eu3+,其晶体结构属六方晶系,空间群为...     

Synthesis and characterization of Zn/Al2O3 nanocomposite by mechanical alloying

In this study, fabrication and characterization of zinc-based metal matrix nanocomposite reinforced by Al₂O₃ particles was investigated. Aluminum and zinc oxide powder mixture was milled in a planetary ball mill in order to produce Zn/Al₂O₃ nanocomposite. The structural evaluation milled and annealed powders studied by X-ray diffraction, SEM observation and hardness measurement. The zinc crystallite size estimated with broadening of XRD peaks by Williamson-Hall formula. The zinc oxide was found to react with Al through a rapid self-sustaining combustion reaction process. As a result a zinc matrix composite reinforced by Al₂O₃ particulate was formed. The microhardness value of produced nanocomposite powder was about 350 HV which was 10–15 times higher than the microhardness of pure zinc (20–30 HV).     

磁控溅射制备Er~(3+)掺杂Al_2O_3薄膜的上转换发光特性

Al_2O_3作为太阳能电池的钝化层,如果掺入稀土元素Er~(3+)通过吸收红外光并将其上转换为可见光被硅吸收,则可以提高太阳能的利用率。本文采用磁控溅射法制备得到厚度为500 nm左右的不同浓度Er~(3+)掺杂Al_2O_3薄膜。X射线衍射测试表明薄膜由θ-(Al,Er)_2O_3、Al_(10)Er_6O_(24)和ErAlO_3相构成。通过波长980nm的激光器激发产生光频上转换,获得了490 nm的绿光和670nm的红光发光,分别对应于Er~(3+)的~4F_(7/2)→~4I_(15/2)和~4F_(9/2)→~4I_(15/2)的能级跃迁。当Er~(3+)掺杂浓度为0.6%(摩尔比)时,上转换发光强度最强。上转换发光强度受到Al_(10)Er_6O_(24)和ErAlO_3晶体的生成以及Er~(3+)掺杂浓度的影响,并且对红光的影响要大于绿光。Er~(3+)掺杂Al_2O_3薄膜相比粉体材料具有较低的声子态密度,从而抑制了Er~(3+)无辐射跃迁,得到了不同于粉体材料的490nm绿光的发光。