TC4钛合金表面电子束熔覆Ti40阻燃钛合金工艺研究

目的在TC4表面熔覆一层Ti40阻燃钛合金,并研究熔覆试样的组织与力学性能。方法采用电子束在TC4钛合金表面熔覆一层Ti40阻燃钛合金。采用光学显微镜(OM)分析熔覆试样的显微组织,用显微硬度计分析熔覆试样的显微硬度,用电子万能拉伸试验机分析熔覆试样的力学性能。结果在选定的最佳工艺参数下,熔覆层与基材熔合良好,熔覆层为均匀分布的等轴β晶粒,表面及熔合区组织晶粒细化。添加椭圆形扫描波形能使气孔缺陷明显减少,表层更加均匀,组织更细小。扫描波形对熔覆层显微硬度的整体分布形态影响不明显,Ti40熔覆层在上表面及熔合区附近的显微硬度比熔覆层中部略高。室温下力学性能测试结果表明,加扫描时成形试样的抗拉强度为857.3MPa,相对于基材降低了些许,断裂伸长率达到了42.69%,比TC4钛合金基材提升了约70%。结论采用电子束在TC4表面熔覆Ti40阻燃钛合金,能够获得良好的熔覆层组织以及力学性能。     

激光熔覆TiC/FeAl原位复合涂层

用激光熔覆法制备了TiC/FeAl原位复合涂层,使用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)观察了熔覆层的微观结构,使用能谱分析仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层的化学成分和物相,研究了熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性。结果表明:沿着熔池深度的方向从熔池底部到熔池顶部,FeAl基体从粗大的树枝晶渐渐转变为细小的等轴晶。原位TiC越过熔池界面进入基板表层,大部分TiC颗粒存在FeAl晶粒内部,熔池顶部的TiC颗粒含量较多。沿着熔池深度的方向从涂层顶部到基板,涂层的硬度呈阶梯形分布,熔池顶部涂层的硬度最高,涂层的硬度和耐磨性分别比基板高6倍和52倍。涂层的磨损机理为典型的磨粒磨损。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆Co-WC复合涂层的组织及力学性能

在钛合金TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)表面利用激光熔覆Co-WC复合涂层,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和硬度计研究涂层的微观组织及力学性能。结果表明,Co+15%WC、Co+30%WC及Co+45%WC试样熔覆层与基体都实现了冶金结合,表层激光熔覆层涂层内组织均匀致密,没有气孔、裂纹等缺陷。而Co+60%WC试样虽然熔覆层与基体界面也为冶金结合,但是熔覆层内发生了开裂。激光熔覆Co-WC复合熔覆层的宏观洛氏硬度较TC4基体提升了2~3倍,合金粉末中WC的含量比例越高,熔覆涂层试样的宏观洛氏硬度的提升越明显。4种熔覆试样从基体到熔覆层表面,其显微硬度都是逐渐升高的趋势,熔覆层表面显微硬度达到TC4基体的显微硬度的近3倍。在Co基合金粉末中添加WC的最大含量为45%,高于45%之后,熔覆层显微硬度值下降。     

激光熔化沉积TiCp/Ti60复合材料的研究

通过激光熔化沉积工艺制备出TiCp(5wt％ )/Ti60复合材料薄壁材料,分析了材料的显微组织及600℃下的拉伸性能.结果表明,TiCp/Ti60复合材料熔化析出的TiC相呈断续链状,均匀分布于基体中,TiC与钛合金基体的界面结合良好,但是TiCP,/Ti60复合材料中存在少量未完全熔化的TiC颗粒.采用同轴输送球磨混合粉末的工艺可以很好地解决未熔TiC颗粒的难题.TiCp/Ti60复合材料在600℃下的最大抗拉强度为775MPa.TiCp/Ti60复合材料在600℃下的断口特征比较复杂,既有沿晶断裂和准解理断裂也有局部的韧性断裂.     

超声振动对EA4T钢激光熔覆质量和性能的影响

采用超声振动辅助激光熔覆对EA4T钢表面进行修复,利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD),对比分析超声振动对EA4T钢激光熔覆成形质量、微观组织和物相组成的影响,通过显微硬度仪对熔覆层和基体的显微硬度进行测试。结果表明:超声振动作用下,熔覆层成形质量得到提高,原来方向性较强的枝晶组织被打断、打碎,枝晶偏析程度显著减轻;与此同时,施加超声振动晶粒得到细化,促进Cr₂₃C_6碳化物在枝晶上析出,但并未改变熔覆层物相组成;相比较未施加超声振动,超声振动作用下的熔覆层显微硬度分布更加均匀,平均显微硬度提高126.2HV_0.2,热影响区平均显微硬度下降31.2HV_0.2。     

TiNi记忆合金电子束熔覆层的组织性能研究

目的利用电子束熔覆技术将TiNi记忆合金熔覆在TC4的表面,开展熔覆层耐磨性能研究,以此来改变材料的表面性能,达到实际应用的要求。方法通过SEM、EDS、维氏显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机,对熔覆层的宏观形貌、显微组织、元素分布、显微硬度以及摩擦磨损性能等进行测试分析。结果制备出的熔覆层表面成形良好、无气孔、无裂纹,并且与基体实现了良好的冶金结合。熔覆层由表及里的硬度升高,其值最高可达HV625,较TC4母材(HV350)的硬度有明显的提高。通过磨损试验曲线表明,TiNi合金熔覆层和TC4基材稳定后的平均摩擦因数为0.052和0.169,比磨损率为0.96×10~(-4)和2.28×10~(-4) mm~3/(N·m)。结论TiNi熔覆层的耐磨性能较TC4基材的耐磨性能显著增强,可以达到减磨的效果。     

基底材料对NiCrBSiC合金激光熔覆层组织和磨损性能的影响

采用横流CO2激光在45钢和TC4钛合金表面熔覆NiCrBSiC合金涂层,利用XRD,SEM和TEM分析了激光熔覆层的微观组织,测试了激光熔覆层的硬度和摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,NiCrBSiC合金激光熔覆层的组织和性能与基底材料的种类密切相关.45钢表面激光熔覆层由γ-Ni,Ni3B,Cr7C3和CrB相组成,硬度在HV800～900之间;TC4合金表面激光熔覆层由γ-Ni,Ni3B,TiC和TiB2相组成,硬度在HV900～1100之间.TC4合金表面NiCrBSiC激光熔覆层的摩擦系数和质量磨损率分别低于45钢表面NiCrBSiC激光熔覆层的摩擦系数和质量磨损率.     

Ti811表面激光熔覆原位合成TiC-TiB2复合Ti基涂层的微观组织分析

在Ti811钛合金表面利用同步送粉激光熔覆技术,制备了TC4+Ni45多道搭接激光熔覆层。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)等分析了涂层组织和相组成,利用显微硬度计测试了涂层的显微硬度。结果表明,涂层微观组织中均匀分布的析出相主要包括基底α-Ti、金属间化合物Ti_2Ni、增强相TiB_2和增强相TiC。其中,TiC在TiB_2表面异质形核,形成了TiC+TiB_2的复合相结构;同时,纳米TiC颗粒在涂层基体中弥散分布。由于涂层中TiC与TiB_2的共同作用,涂层的显微硬度与基底相比有了显著提高,最高硬度为770HV0.5左右,约为基底硬度的2倍。     

激光熔覆WC-Ni/TiC涂层的组织和摩擦磨损性能研究

采用7kW横流CO2激光器,在H13钢表面激光熔覆制备了WC-Ni/TiC涂层.测量了熔覆层的显微硬度,用扫描电镜(SEM)观测熔覆层的显微结构以及磨损形貌并进行分析,对涂层的摩擦磨损性能进行研究.结果表明:纳米TiC通过弥散强化和细晶强化,提高了涂层的硬度和韧性,TiC含量为30%(质量分数)时涂层的平均硬度为HV1500.涂层耐磨性能是基体的8～15倍.     

Ti6Al4V合金激光熔覆γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC复合层的组织与摩擦学性能

为提高Ti6Al4V合金的摩擦学性能,以NiCr-Cr₃C₂金属陶瓷粉末为涂覆材料,采用激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V表面制备以TiC为增强相、γ-NiCrAlTi固溶体为增韧相的熔覆层。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）分析了熔覆层的物相组成及显微组织,测试了熔覆层沿层深方向的硬度分布,分别在室温（24℃）,300,600℃测试了熔覆层和Ti6Al4V合金基体的干滑动磨损性能。结果表明:熔覆层的平均硬度约1 100HV_{2 N},约为基体的3倍;室温时,由于高硬度增强相TiC和增韧相γ-NiCrAlTi固溶体的综合效应,激光熔覆γ-NiCrAlTi/TiC复合层的摩擦系数和磨损率比Ti6Al4V合金基体的显著降低,熔覆层具有较好的耐磨减摩性能,磨损机理主要为黏着磨损;300,600℃时,熔覆层被氧化,耐磨性减弱,磨损机理主要为黏着磨损和塑性变形。     

Investigating the effect of mixing time on the crystallite size and lattice strain of the AA7075/TiC composites

With numerous reinforcements, aluminum and its alloys are finding growing applications in every sector of industry. Titanium carbide (TiC) is regarded as an outstanding reinforcing material as compared to widely used carbide particles because of its excellent physical and mechanical characteristics, as well as its especially good interfacial bonding (wetting) capacity with aluminum. In the present research work, the effect of the mixing time of the matrix and reinforcement powders has been investigated on the crystallite size and lattice strain of the AA7075–5 wt.% TiC composites. The mechanical properties of the developed composites were also investigated in terms of microhardness values. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particles size distribution analysis and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of the synthesized powder samples were done to see the effect of mixing time on their microstructures. The increase in mixing time led to a homogeneous distribution of 5 wt.% of TiC particles, a decrease in particles clustering. The considerable grain refining was confirmed, which reflected a reduction in particle size originating from a prolonged mixing time. The significant improvement in the crystallite size and microhardness of the produced composites were achieved with increasing mixing time.     

超声辅助CMT电弧增材制造TC4钛合金微观组织和力学性能研究

目的研究超声辅助对CMT电弧增材制造钛合金TC4微观组织及力学性能的影响。方法 CMT增材制造TC4钛合金的同时利用超声辅助设备进行振动辅助,采用不同的振动功率和不同的振动位置对增材后的TC4力学性能和微观组织进行对比分析。结果 600 W超声辅助振动基板时的钛合金试样成形美观,力学性能优异。水平方向上,抗拉强度平均值为952.7 MPa,伸长率平均值为7.46%;垂直方向上,抗拉强度平均值为905.83 MPa,伸长率平均值为11.03%,相较未施加超声振动增材试样的力学性能有明显提高。结论超声辅助的引入有效提高了熔池的深宽比,加快了熔池冷却速度,柱状晶尺寸也明显减小,针状马氏体数量增多,得到的钛合金力学性能和微观组织均良好。     

颗粒增强Ti基复合材料的特性

本文研究了采用粉末冶金工艺制备的碳化钛颗粒(TiCp)增强 Ti-Al-V 复合材料的显微组织、弹性模量、高温强度、蠕变行为及断裂特征。研究结果表明,选用合适的不连续增强相及 Ti合金基体可以获得增强相与基体结合良好、具有高比强、高比模、良好高温性能的不连续增强 Ti基复合材料。这些 Ti 基复合材料具有各向同性,可用于复杂应力状态,可通过热压、热挤压等一般热加工工艺加工成型。     

Fabrication of TC4/TiCp New Hip Prosthesis by Laser Cladding

Artificial hip prostheses are commonly utilized in total hip replacement surgeries. However, current single materials like metal, polyethylene, and ceramic do not satisfy the comprehensive performance requirements of prostheses, such as biocompatibility, wear resistance, and toughness. To address these limitations, a new metal–ceramic hip prosthesis which can be prepared by laser cladding technique is proposed. By combining the advantages of metal and ceramic, this prosthesis aims to overcome existing product limitations. A TiCp bioceramic coating is prepared on the TC4 surface, and its microstructure, mechanical properties, and biological characteristics are systematically analyzed. The results show that the TiCp phase is uniformly distributed in the coating. Additionally, dendritic TiCp at the bonding interface results in metallurgical bond between the coating and substrate. The α-Ti phase in the matrix of the TiCp coating helps to enhance its fracture toughness and fatigue strength, while the solid solution of trace C elements in the matrix provides solid solution strengthening. Mechanical tests reveal that the microhardness of the TiCp coating is 2.5 times greater than that of the substrate, and the wear mass is reduced by 89.4%. Finally, the TiCp bioceramic coating is verified to be biocompatible, demonstrating excellent potential for use in hip prostheses.     

TiC颗粒增韧MoSi2基复合材料的力学性能

通过湿法混合和热压法制备了不同体积百分比的TiCp-MoSi2复合材料,研究了TiC颗粒对MoSi2基体材料显微结构和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,在MoSi2基体中加入TiC颗粒,细化了基体的晶粒,改善了其力学性能。与纯MoSi2相比,含40vol% TiC颗粒的复合材料的室温抗弯强度提高了65％,含20vol%TiCp的复合材料的室温断裂韧性提高了53％,而且TiC颗粒的加入大大提高了MoSi2的高温承载能力,随TiC颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的高温抗弯强度大为增加。     

原位反应渗透法TiCp/Mg复合材料的制备和性能

利用Ti和C元素粉末间的原位放热反应合成TiCp,结合Mg熔体的自发渗透技术制备了TiCp/Mg以及TiCp/AZ91D两种镁基复合材料,观测了复合材料的相组成和原位反应生成物TiCp的形貌,研究了这两种镁基复合材料的常温压缩性能.结果表明,原位反应自发渗透技术制备的Mg基复合材料组织致密,增强相呈细小的颗粒状和互穿网片状,分布均匀.这是材料的压缩强度得到提高的原因.在常温以及应变速率为0.01 s-1的条件下,TiCp/Mg和TiCp/AZ91D镁基复合材料的压缩强度分别达到598和650 MPa.     

Y2O3对钛基激光熔覆层组织及性能的影响

针对Ti811钛合金硬度低、耐磨性差的问题,以TC4粉、Ni45A粉和Y₂O₃粉为原料,采用同轴送粉激光熔覆技术在Ti811钛合金表面进行了激光熔覆制备耐磨复合涂层的实验,分析了熔覆层的组织和相组成,测试了熔覆层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损等力学性能。研究表明:复合涂层组织由枝晶TiC、依附生长于枝晶TiC表面的纳米颗粒TiC、生长于基体表面的等轴球形（近球形）TiC、金属间化合物Ti₂Ni、增强相TiB、TiB₂及基体α-Ti组成,所有生成相呈均匀弥散分布状态;涂层中等轴球形（近球形）TiC和Y₂O₃构成了复合相结构,经二维点阵错配度计算表明,Y₂O₃的（111）晶面与TiC的（110）晶面的二维点阵错配度δ=6.54%,因此Y₂O₃可作为TiC的有效异质形核核心细化晶粒;涂层的显微硬度处于HV_0.5 655~700之间,较Ti811基材提高了约1.6~1.8倍;涂层的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损,摩擦磨损性能较基材显著提升。      

Mechanical and tribological behaviour of tungsten carbide reinforced aluminum LM4 matrix composites

Aluminum-based metal matrix composites (AMCs) play a vital role for potential applications in aerospace and automotive industries. This paper explores the experimental analysis of a composite with aluminum LM4 alloy as the matrix and tungsten carbide (WC) as the reinforcement material. The composite specimens were fabricated by the stir casting process. The reinforced ratios of 5, 10 and 15?wt.% of WC particulates were stirred in molten aluminum LM4 alloy (AALM4). Once the composite is solidified, the specimens are prepared to the required ASTM dimensions and tested for various mechanical properties such as tensile strength, impact strength and hardness. Moreover, the tribological behavior of the composite was studied using the pin-on-disc wear test apparatus. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to analyze the various elements present in the composites. Finally, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis reveals the uniform distribution of WC particles in Aluminum LM4 alloy matrix. The improvement in mechanical properties – hardness, impact strength and tensile strength – was achieved for the increase in the addition of wt.% of WC particles in the LM4 matrix. The decrease in mass loss was observed for the composite containing 15?wt.% of WC during the wear test among the various composites tested.     

A developed method for producing in situ TiC/Al composites by using quick preheating treatment and ultrasonic vibration

Quick preheating treatment of Al–Ti–C was introduced in the fabrication of in situ TiC/Al metal matrix composites in our research. Al–Ti–C pellets were preheated in the furnace at 750 °C, in which the pure aluminum was melted. After adding the preheated pellets into the molten aluminum, the thermal explosion reaction of Al–Ti–C took place in a short time. In situ TiC particles synthesized in the pure molten aluminum were spherical in morphology and most of which were smaller than 1 μm in size. The synthesizing temperature of in situ TiC/Al composites was decreased significantly by using the quick preheating treatment, at least 150 °C lower than those used in the conventional methods. In addition, high-intensity ultrasonic vibration was applied into the melt to disperse TiC particle-reinforcement into the matrix and degas the melt as well. In situ TiC particles were distributed uniformly in the matrix, and the porosity in the composites was below 1% due to the effect of ultrasonic vibration. Furthermore, the microhardness test indicated that a homogeneous microstructure of in situ TiC/Al composite was obtained.     

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of In situ TiCp Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

1.IlltroductionThesimpleandeconomicalwaytorealizeamul-tiphasemicrostructurecontainingthetoughmatrixwithafinelydispersedinerthardphase,whichmeetstherequirementforhighwearresistanceatroomandespeciallyelevatedtemperatures,isofgreatimpor-tanceinmaterialscience.Ceramicparticulate-incorporationtoprovideametalmatrixcomposites(MMCs)layeronvarioussubstratesbylasercladdingisarelativelynewlyde-velopedtechnique,inwhichthepowdersofanal-loywithadesirablecompositionandathinsur-facelayerofthesubstratemateria…