SiC和B4C防弹插板抗多发弹打击损伤特性研

使用87式5.8 mm钢芯弹分别对SiC和B₄C复合防弹插板进行实弹靶试试验, 通过对鉴证靶凹陷深度、防弹插板背凸体积和X射线数字直接成像检测系统(DR)对防弹插板弹击损伤情况进行分析, 同时结合陶瓷材料显微结构和力学性能分析对防弹插板抗多发弹打击损伤特性进行了研究。结果表明, SiC和B₄C防弹插板都能有效防御3发5.8 mm钢芯弹的连续打击, 具有较好的抗多发弹打击性能;B₄C防弹插板与SiC防弹插板受弹击后鉴证靶凹陷深度相当, 其背凸体积较SiC防弹插板降低超过35%, 陶瓷锥底面平均直径增加30%以上, 吸收了更多的弹丸冲击动能, 这与B₄C陶瓷具有较高的硬度有关。     

SiC和B_4C防弹插板抗多发弹打击损伤特性研究

使用87式5.8 mm钢芯弹分别对SiC和B_4C复合防弹插板进行实弹靶试试验,通过对鉴证靶凹陷深度、防弹插板背凸体积和X射线数字直接成像检测系统(DR)对防弹插板弹击损伤情况进行分析,同时结合陶瓷材料显微结构和力学性能分析对防弹插板抗多发弹打击损伤特性进行了研究。结果表明,SiC和B_4C防弹插板都能有效防御3发5.8 mm钢芯弹的连续打击,具有较好的抗多发弹打击性能;B_4C防弹插板与SiC防弹插板受弹击后鉴证靶凹陷深度相当,其背凸体积较SiC防弹插板降低超过35%,陶瓷锥底面平均直径增加30%以上,吸收了更多的弹丸冲击动能,这与B_4C陶瓷具有较高的硬度有关。     

高速冲击载荷作用下钎焊蜂窝夹层板动态响应

目的 以钎焊高温合金蜂窝夹层板为研究对象,分析其在弹丸高速冲击作用下的力学性能。方法 采用轻气炮冲击加载试验结合有限元模拟,对蜂窝夹层板开展不同冲击强度下的动态响应和失效研究。开展含高速冲击损伤的蜂窝夹层板侧压试验,研究损伤模式对剩余强度的影响。结果 冲击强度对夹层板的失效过程和失效模式有着明显的影响,当冲击条件不足以使得迎弹面发生侵彻时,夹层板失效为表面压痕损伤;随着冲击强度的提高,出现不同程度的局部芯层压缩;当冲击强度大于临界值时,迎/背弹面陆续被侵彻,夹层板出现侵入损伤及贯穿损伤。结论 高速冲击损伤使得蜂窝夹层板的侧压失效模式,由理想塑性屈曲转变为局部失稳,侧压极限载荷大幅降低。     

基于犰狳外壳仿生的SiC-超高分子量聚乙烯柔性防护板的试验测试和有限元模拟

个体防护装甲的发展对提高单兵作战能力具有重要意义,基于仿生研究可以为设计高性能装甲提供新的思路。犰狳外壳由六边形鳞片紧密拼接而成,采用分层结构设计,具有很好的柔性和防护能力。本文借鉴犰狳外壳的几何排列模式,采用SiC陶瓷片模仿硬质壳层,超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)热压板模仿软质壳层,按1∶1厚度比例设计制备仿生复合鳞片,将仿生鳞片紧密排列后封装制成一种新型柔性复合防弹插板。为了验证该种防弹插板的防弹性能并研究其破坏特征,进行弹道极限V0试验测试,结合有限元模拟分析其抗7.62 mm手枪弹侵彻的能力。结果表明:该柔性防弹插板不仅满足防弹性能要求,且具备较好的柔性,可为今后新型防弹插板的设计和优化提供参考。      

玄武岩纤维增强复合材料抗弹性能试验研究

摘要：为了研究玄武岩纤维增强复合材料的抗弹性能,利用不同树脂基体制作了玄武岩纤维增强复合材料靶板试件,进行了弹道测试。研究了玄武岩纤维增强复合材料的抗侵彻性能和典型破坏模式,并分析了不同树脂基体和不同铺层方式对靶板防弹效果的影响。研究表明,玄武岩纤维增强复合材料在受弹体侵彻时,主要呈现局部破坏,破坏形式是迎弹面的纤维剪切失效、背弹面的拉伸断裂失效。另外,根据轻型防护的要求,提出设计新型防护结构的思路。研究结果可以为轻型复合装甲设计提供参考。     

陶瓷基透明防弹装甲研究进展

随着军用载具所受威胁的不断升级,对于驾驶舱的防护要求也在增加.传统以防弹玻璃为主的透明装甲已难以满足使用要求.更轻更薄的陶瓷基透明装甲正在逐渐成为主流选择.与其他防弹装甲相似,透明防弹装甲的主要研究方向包括:寻找性能更优的材料用于装甲组件;通过实验或计算机模拟对结构设计与弹道实验进行指导;更加深入地了解装甲材料所需的主要性能、系统整体性能以及整个系统各组件之间的相互影响.依据这一思路,本文首先简要综述了陶瓷透明防弹装甲研究较多的三种迎弹面陶瓷材料的优缺点、制备工艺以及各自的发展及应用水平,三种陶瓷中蓝宝石的静力学参数最优,而实际防弹效果则以多晶陶瓷更好,导致这一现象的原因主要是两类陶瓷碎裂模式的不同产生的弹丸-陶瓷相互作用效果的差异;然后对多晶陶瓷、单晶、玻璃三种类型材料高应变率下的裂纹扩展特性和防弹性能进行了讨论,高应变速率下材料裂纹扩展特性对冲击能量/速率是敏感的,多晶陶瓷是沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂的复合扩展方式,蓝宝石高能冲击下裂纹扩展特征类似多晶陶瓷,临界能量以下则以沿特定晶面的解理断裂为主;最后对透明防弹装甲各功能层的选材标准和结构设计原则进行了总结与展望,迎弹面优选高杨氏模量、高硬度的细晶粒多晶陶瓷材料,中间层选用具有良好的断裂韧度、高弯曲刚度以及将破碎控制在较小范围的能力的材料,背弹面要求材料具有一定的延展性和低密度的特点.各层之间需相互配合才能实现透明陶瓷装甲防弹效能的最大化.     

陶瓷/纤维/阻尼复合靶板抗冲击性能及优化

随着弹体的侵彻能力逐渐增强，复合防弹装甲成为不可或缺的装备之一。基于ANSYS建立了陶瓷/纤维/阻尼复合防弹靶板的冲击有限元模型，揭示了材料参数和几何参数对复合防弹靶板的影响规律，利用多目标遗传算法优化了碳化硅陶瓷/碳纤维/超高分子量聚乙烯纤维/背层阻尼复合防弹靶板结构，并通过实验验证了优化设计结果的可信性。结果表明：同面密度条件下，涂刷一定厚度背层阻尼对靶板防弹性能的提升较为显著；采用遗传算法优化后的复合防弹靶板结构为：6.9mm碳化硅陶瓷/4.8mm碳纤维层合板/6.0mm超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)纤维层合板/1.1mm阻尼，面密度为36.236kg/m²。相同防弹性能条件下，与陶瓷/装甲钢结构靶板相比，优化后的靶板面密度降低超过49%。     

自行火炮复合材料防弹机理分析

分析了纺织复合材料和陶瓷的低速冲击性能，并以此为理论基础，剖析陶瓷／复合材料装甲板受弹头冲击时的防弹机理，并建立此过程的动态分析模型，讨论和预测复合装甲的损伤和破坏，为复合材料在复合装甲上的应用和防弹能力预测提供理论分析依据。     

碳纤维编织复合材料层合板抗侵彻性能研究

通过弹道冲击实验开展了碳纤维编织复合材料层合板的抗侵彻性能研究，进行了动态响应分析和损伤模式分析。建立了基于Hashin失效和Yeh分层失效准则的渐进损伤模型，运用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟了碳纤维编织复合材料层合板的侵彻失效过程，采用Lambert-Jonas公式拟合了柱状弹侵彻层合板弹道极限曲线，对比分析了碳纤维编织复合材料层合板侵彻实验与数值模拟的弹道极限速度及损伤形貌。结果表明，层合板侵彻损伤模式主要为分层、纤维断裂和基体开裂失效，弹道极限速度数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

弹道冲击下层合板破坏模式及抗弹性能实验研究

以舰用轻型复合装甲研究为背景，针对不同纤维增强种类(包括玻纤织物CA00、C200、SW220和芳纶纤维织物T750)以及不同面密度层合板结构，在6．2g刚性微曲面柱形弹弹道冲击下的防护能力展开实验研究，着重讨论了层合板结构弹道冲击下破坏模式，弹体初始侵彻速度及面密度与抗弹能力和抗弹效率之间的关系，认为不同的破坏模式体现了不同的吸能特性和纤维失效机理．     

Effects of shape memory alloys on low velocity impact characteristics of composite plate

The effects of shape memory alloy thin films embedded in composite plates for improving damage resistance of composite structures under low velocity impact were investigated numerically. Analysis model for SMA thin film was developed based on Lagoudas’ model and implemented using the user defined material subroutine of the ABAQUS/Explicit finite element program. Composite damage model based on the Chang–Chang failure criteria was also implemented to consider progressive damage behavior. The finite element simulation of low velocity impact behavior of a shape memory alloy hybrid composite plate was performed using the ABAQUS/Explicit program. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the effect of shape memory alloys for improving damage resistance of composite plate.     

陶瓷复合装甲优化设计及弹击后剩余弯曲强度

根据防护要求和防护机制,设计了一种C/C-SiC陶瓷/铝基复合泡沫复合装甲。在确保复合装甲面密度为44 kg/m²的前提下,以弹击后剩余弯曲强度为评价标准,以陶瓷板布置位置、各组成层厚度、泡沫金属中泡沫孔径尺寸为研究因素,设计了三因素三水平的正交模拟优化方案,利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了子弹侵彻陶瓷靶板的过程及弹击损伤后复合装甲的弯曲实验过程,预测了剩余弯曲强度,并进行了结构优化。根据数值模拟结果制备陶瓷复合装甲试样,进行实弹打靶和弯曲实验以验证复合装甲试样剩余弯曲强度。结果表明,以MIL-A-46103E Ⅲ类2A级为防护标准,剩余弯曲强度最高的陶瓷复合装甲最优化结构形式为：陶瓷板厚度12 mm、陶瓷板做防弹面板、Al基复合泡沫孔径为4 mm+10 mm的混合;对剩余弯曲强度的主次影响因素排序为：陶瓷板厚度>陶瓷板布置位置>Al基复合泡沫孔径。     

Experimental investigation of impact on composite laminates with protective layers

This paper presents an experimental study of low energy impacts on composite plates covered with a protective layer. In service, composite materials are subjected to low energy impacts. Such impacts can generate damage in the material that results in significant reduction in material strength. In order to reduce the damage severity, one solution is to add a mechanical protection on composite structures. The protection layer is made up of a low density energy absorbent material (hollow spheres) of a certain thickness and a thin layer of composite laminate (Kevlar). Energy absorption ability of these protective layers can be deduced from the load/displacement impact curves. First, two configurations of protection are tested on an aluminium plate in order to identify their performance against impact, then the same are tested on composite plates. Test results from force–displacement curves and C-scan control are compared and discussed and finally a comparison of impact on composite plates with and without protection is made for different configurations.     

Mg/Al波纹复合板抗冲击性能研究

目的 比对波纹轧制结构和平面复合结构的Mg/Al复合板抗冲击性能与吸能机制.方法 采用波纹辊轧制工艺制备Mg/Al复合板,使用半球形铝合金弹丸对传统平面复合板与波纹复合板进行不同速度下的冲击试验研究,并对比分析2种复合板的损伤机理,探明波纹结构对复合板抗冲击性能的影响.结果 Mg/Al平面复合板抗半球形弹丸冲击的吸能机制主要是通过靶板的塑性变形、剪切破坏、拉伸断裂、分层破坏和弹丸与靶板间摩擦等形式来吸收能量.波纹复合板对冲击能量的吸收主要依赖靶板的局部塑性变形、沿着波纹方向的开裂、结合界面的分层以及弹丸与靶板间的摩擦耗能.结论 当冲击速度低于弹道极限速度时,波纹复合板的抗冲击性能优于平面复合板,高于弹道极限速度时,2种复合板的抗冲击性能和耗能程度相当.     

Numerical simulation of ballistic impact on composite laminates

The paper reports experimental and numerical simulation of ballistic impact problems on thin composite laminated plates reinforced with Kevlar 29. Ballistic impact was imparted with simulated fragments designed in accordance with STANAG-2920 on plates of different thickness. Numerical modelling was developed and used to obtain an estimate for the limit perforation velocity (V₅₀) and simulate failure modes and damage. Computations were carried out using a commercial code based on finite differences and values obtained are compared with the experimental data to evaluate the performance of the simulation. Good correlation between computational simulation and experimental results was achieved, both in terms of deformation and damage of the laminates. Future work is advanced to include the interposition of an outer ceramic layer as well as examining the influence of dry-wet and temperature cycles on the mechanical strength of the plates and their temporal evolution under accelerated ageing.     

基于低能量冲击损伤阻抗的复合材料薄壁结构铺层顺序设计

建立了有效的复合材料层合板结构冲击损伤分析方法,层合板面内损伤采用改进的Chang/Chang 失效准则做判据,得到面内各类损伤形式。层间损伤采用与Mixed-Mode粘接元等效的TIEBREAK接触模拟。利用此分析方法,从复合材料薄壁结构设计需要出发,研究了在低能量冲击下,铺层的层间角度、铺层方向、铺层重叠对层合板结构冲击损伤阻抗的影响规律,并对它们的综合影响进行了总体分析,得到了能提高层合板结构损伤阻抗的铺层顺序设计指导。最后用该设计指导对某种铺层结构进行了重新设计和有限元模拟,验证了该设计指导的可行性和有效性。     

A unit cell approach of finite element calculation of ballistic impact damage of 3-D orthogonal woven composite

This paper presents ballistic impact damages of 3-D orthogonal woven composite in finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental. A unit-cell model of the 3-D woven composite was developed to define the material behavior and failure evolution. A user-defined subroutine VUAMT was compiled and connected with commercial available FEA code ABAQUS/Explicit to calculate the ballistic penetration. Ballistic impact tests were conducted to investigate impact damage of 3-D kevlar/glass hybrid woven composite. Residual velocities of conically-cylindrical steel projectiles (Type 56 in China Military Standard) and impact damage of the composite targets after ballistic perforation were compared both in theoretical and experimental. The reasonable agreements between FEA results and experimental results prove the validity of the unit-cell model in ballistic limit prediction of the 3-D woven composite. We believe such an effort could be extended to bulletproof armor design with the 3-D woven composite.     

A simple one-dimensional approach to modelling ceramic composite armour defeat

This work develops a simple set of models for the perforation of ceramic composite armour, which highlight the essential physical processes and illustrate approximately the dependency of ballistic resistance on physical properties and impact parameters. The major features of ceramic composite armour failure (viz. fracture conoid formation, dishing failure of thin backing plates, perforation of thick packing plates, and projectile erosion) are combined with a lumping of masses to treat material acceleration to produce simple models which allow computations on ceramic targets with both thin and thick metallic backings. Calculations are compared with a broad range of empirical data and are also used to discuss aspects of the interaction of penetrators with ceramic composite armours. The goos correlation of models with experiment demonstrates the usefulness of the present approach for studying ceramic composite armour defeat.     

陶瓷/纤维层间混杂复合材料设计制作及抗弹体冲击性能测试

掩体作为战场中指挥、防御、观察、射击的综合性军事工事,其观察口为薄弱点,防护能力的大小关系着其内部人员是否安全。本文以防护轻武器为设计目标,设计、制作一种纤维/陶瓷层间混杂复合材料,并对其防弹能力进行测试。首先,基于显式有限元软件ABAQUS/Explicit,建立弹体冲击纤维/陶瓷层间混杂复合材料防护甲板的数值模型,研究混杂纤维与同种纤维、混杂纤维的不同比例及纤维的铺设角度对复合材料防护甲板抗冲击性能的影响。结果表明:两种纤维混杂且混杂比例为0.3~0.7、纤维铺设角度为:0°/30°/60°/90°/?60°/?30°/0°时防护效果最好。其次,根据模拟结果,利用缠绕成型和手糊工艺相结合的方式将高强玻璃纤维S-2/TDE-85环氧树脂复合材料层合板、SiC陶瓷及凯芙拉49纤维/TDE-85环氧树脂复合材料层合板依次堆叠,制作纤维/陶瓷层间混杂复合材料防护甲板试件。最后,利用改进的霍普金森压杆装置进行防护甲板的弹体冲击试验。结果表明:设计的防护甲板能够抵挡住平均速度为500 m/s子弹的贯穿,与理论计算的结果相符合。      

Simulation of high speed impact into ceramic composite systems using cohesive-law fracture model

A numerical study for the analysis of oblique metal/ceramic/metal three layer composite systems against a long-rod has been performed. The study was done using a three-dimensional dynamic program NET3D, which uses the finite element Lagrangian method with explicit time integration. To model the discrete nature for fracture and damage of brittle materials, we implemented cohesive-law fracture model with a node separation algorithm for the tensile failure and Mohr–Coulomb model for the compressive loading. A tetrahedral element implemented in the code provides more potential fracture surfaces than a hexahedral element. As a verification of the scheme, an oblique impact into the composite system was conducted and the calculated penetration depth and propagating crack paths were found to be in good agreement with experiment. Next a series of three-dimensional numerical simulations have been conduced to examine the ballistic performance of three layer composite systems. The residual velocity and residual length of the rod were computed for different plate thickness ratios of equal areal density. The impact velocities considered are 1.5, 1.8 and 2.2 km/s. The oblique angle of the plate is 0° and 45°. The optimum thickness ratios of ceramic to metal are very similar to those obtained from the previous experiment.