臭氧曝气生物滤池深度处理印染废水的试验研究

文章采用臭氧曝气生物滤池联合工艺对某印染园区污水处理厂二级出水进行了深度处理试验,通过观察臭氧曝气生物滤池联合工艺对二级出水的处理效果,为印染园区污水厂废水深度处理工程改造提供有用的调试运行参数。试验结果表明:进水水质为80-140mg/L情况下,出水COD能控制在60mg/L下;该工艺对COD总的去除率为35%-55%,平均去除率为42%;当臭氧投加量为20-30mg/L时,系统对进水有很好的处理效果且最为经济。     

流动床-活性焦曝气生物滤池深度处理造纸废水

以活性焦为曝气生物滤池填料,采用流动床-活性焦曝气生物滤池工艺对天津某造纸厂废水（车间外排造纸白水和少量脱墨废水,COD_Cr 500~800 mg/L,色度300~500倍）进行处理。试验结果表明,流动床-活性焦曝气生物滤池运行过程中出水水质稳定,出水COD_Cr为29.2 mg/L（进水COD_Cr平均值为547.8 mg/L）,COD_Cr去除率为94.7%,色度为20倍（进水色度平均值为480倍）,色度去除率为95.8%,达到《制浆造纸工业水污染排放标准》（GB 3544—2008）的要求。     

曝气生物滤池深度处理印染废水技术研究现状及发展趋势

通过对国内外曝气生物滤池深度处理印染废水技术研究文献的查阅分析,剖析了国内外曝气生物滤池深度处理印染废水污染物质及曝气生物滤池组合工艺深度处理印染废水的研究现状,针对曝气生物滤池的滤料选择、运行方式选择、运行参数优化以及与其他工艺的组合提出了曝气生物滤池深度处理印染废水研究发展趋势。     

制浆造纸中段废水深度处理

采用混凝水解曝气生物滤池工艺对制浆造纸中段废水进行了深度处理。结果表明,该工艺可有效去除中段废水两级生化处理后出水的COD和色度,深度处理出水平均CODCr和色度分别为60.2mg/L和55倍,低于国家排放标准。该系统具有流程简单、处理效率高、运行稳定可靠等优点。     

三种白酒废水好氧处理工艺的对比

比较了生物接触氧化法、SBR(或CASS)和曝气生物滤池(BIOFOR)这三种白酒废水好氧处理工艺的优缺点.相比而言,曝气生物滤池(BIOFOR)工艺是白酒废水处理的优选工艺,其具有一次性投资少,运行费用低,处理效果好,运行稳定、维护方便等优点,但BIOFOR工艺要求进水水质在700mg/L以下,因此,应与生物接触氧化法结合使用,采用生物接触氧化法+BIOFOR滤池工艺作为白酒废水的好氧处理工艺.     

造纸中段废水深度处理中试试验

采用电化学催化氧化处理、曝气生物滤池(固定化微生物BAF和生物活性炭滤床)处理的工艺组合进行造纸中段废水深度处理的中试试验,并对试验现象和结果进行了分析.全流程对色度去除率可达92.0%,CODCr去除率可达91.3%,处理后出水回用对纸张白度影响不大,纸张白度可达82.2%.     

Fenton氧化对制浆废水中难降解有机污染物的去除效果研究

与传统Fenton氧化法相比流化床Fenton氧化法可以有效降低氧化剂的消耗量,同时可以使COD_Cr的去除效率有所提高。由于制浆废水的复杂特性,Fenton氧化反应存在一定的矿化能力极限,处理后废水很难稳定达标。进一步研究确定了最佳反应条件为：H₂O₂用量为1/2Qth、Fe²⁺与H₂O₂摩尔比为1∶5时,一沉池出水进行氧化处理后COD_Cr由1004 mg/L降至235 mg/L,BOD₅/COD_Cr提高到0.59,并通过AOX值和二氯甲烷萃取物GC-MS分析对比,判断废水可生化性显著提高。在此基础上采用流化床Fenton氧化与废水生物处理组合工艺进行处理,可以满足达标排放要求。     

铁炭法联合曝气生物滤池深度处理中段废水

将铁炭法与曝气生物滤池联合深度处理制浆造纸废水,组合工艺在进水ρ（CODCr）=283-330mg／L、色度235-280倍的情况下,处理后出水的ρ（COOCr）=32-39mg／L、色度8～10倍。该系统具有流程简单、处理效率高和运行稳定可靠等优点。     

絮凝沉淀与生物曝气滤池结合处理杨木心材生物化学机械法制浆废水

本研究利用白腐菌Trametes sp.48424预处理杨木心材,结合絮凝沉淀与生物曝气滤池（BAF）,处理化学机械法制浆过程中产生的综合废水,研究废水回用对生物化学机械法制浆及BAF的影响,探究处理后废水回用的可行性。结果表明,采用白腐菌预处理技术,能够抵消添加2%（相对于原料绝干质量）的NaOH所产生的COD_Cr。絮凝沉淀处理后,COD_Cr的最高去除率为49.9%。BAF处理后COD_Cr最高去除率可达91.8%,出水COD_Cr浓度降至39.8 mg/L,达到制浆废水回用和排放的标准。废水回用会降低BAF的整体效率,且处理后的废水回用于制浆系统,对浆料的成纸性能也会产生一定的影响;回用1次后出水COD_Cr浓度升至76.3 mg/L,故处理后的废水只能回用1次。     

臭氧预氧化-BAF深度处理造纸废水

采用臭氧预氧化-BAF工艺对某钞票纸厂废水进行深度处理.结果表明,臭氧预氧化处理能提高废水的可生化性,废水经臭氧颅氧化-BAF工艺处理后(臭氧用量100 mg/L.臭氧与废水接触时间5 min,BAF水力停留时间2.0 h)出水CODcr浓度约40 mg/L,色度几乎完全去除,能够达到较高的废水排放标准或作为中水回收利用.     

响应面法优化O3/H2O2组合工艺处理制浆中段废水的研究

本研究为提高臭氧（O₃）氧化处理制浆中段废水的COD去除率,以广西某造纸厂制浆中段废水为研究对象,采用O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺对其进行高级氧化处理。分别探究了废水初始pH值、O₃用量、H₂O₂用量、反应时间和搅拌速度等影响因素对废水色度和COD去除效果的影响。为提高最优工艺参数的精确度,对O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺参数进行响应面优化法分析。结果表明,在废水初始pH值=8、H₂O₂用量为1.0 mL/L、O₃用量为480 mg/L的工艺条件下,废水色度为85.7倍,色度去除率为99.3%;COD_Cr达208.2 mg/L,COD_Cr去除率为84.5%。     

NaOH-H2O2溶剂体系下玉米秸秆的组分分离规律研究

研究了NaOH-H2O2组成的碱溶剂体系对玉米秸秆的溶解规律,并结合酸沉、醇析方法分离出了3种主要成分,研究了过氧化氢浓度、pH、液固比、温度、时间对玉米秸秆组分分离过程的影响。结果表明:碱溶剂处理后的剩余固体物质是纤维素和不溶物,滤液经酸沉后的固体为木质素,酸沉后的滤液调pH后醇析所得的固体为半纤维素。试验确定了分离过程的最佳工艺条件:过氧化氢浓度5%,pH=12,反应时间3 h,溶解温度60℃,液固比30 m L/g。在此条件下,纤维素回收率84.2%,木质素回收率为66.6%,半纤维素回收率96.7%,滤液经4次循环使用,纤维素回收率82.7%,木质素回收率67.6%,半纤维素回收率97.4%。碱处理及酸沉、醇析后剩余固体的结构分析证明了此方法的可行性。     

Effects of ZnCl2/H2O/C2H5OH Treatment on the Filter Paper Performance

Bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) fibers were pretreated in a 5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution at 35℃ for 90 min. The ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH was used to treat the pretreated BSKP fibers, filter papers were then prepared. In the course of processing, the effects of various molar ratios of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH on the filter paper performance were evaluated. SEM-EDX was conducted to analyze the physical configuration of the filter papers. Moreover, FT-IR and XPS were performed to further characterize the BSKP, the pretreated BSKP and the filter paper fibers. The results indicated that the fibers treated by ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH were swollen and exhibited slight fibrillation, leading to a looser fiber structure and therefore, enhanced filter paper performance. Air permeability increased from 161.7 L/(m²·s) to 1450.4 L/(m²·s) for the filter papers when the molar ratio of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH was 1:14:1. The optimum molar ratio of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH was found to be 1:14:1, and no significant effect of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH on fibers’ functional groups was detected. These results showed that filtration performance of filter papers was improved when treated with the ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH solution.     

Protective effect of whey protein hydrolysates on H2O2-induced PC12 cells oxidative stress via a mitochondria-mediated pathway

Whey protein hydrolysates (WPHs) were prepared with pepsin and trypsin. A PC12 cell model was built to observe the protective effect of WPHs against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. The results indicated that WPHs reduced apoptosis by 14% and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Flow cytometry was used to assess the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca²⁺ levels and the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The results showed that WPHs suppressed ROS elevation and Ca²⁺ levels and stabilised MMP by 16%. The anti-apoptosis/pro-apoptosis proteins Bcl-2/Bax and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were investigated by Western-blot analysis, which indicated that WPHs increased the expression of Bcl-2 while inhibiting the expression of Bax and the degradation of PARP. WPHs also blocked Caspase-3 activation by 62%. The results demonstrate that WPHs can significantly protect PC12 cells against oxidative stress via a mitochondria-mediated pathway. These findings indicate the potential benefits of WPHs as valuable food antioxidative additives.     

Al2O3负载ZnO催化臭氧氧化处理造纸废水的研究

将ZnO负载在Al₂O₃上,制备用于催化臭氧降解造纸废水中有机物的催化剂（Al₂O₃@ZnO）;采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对Al₂O₃@ZnO催化剂进行物相分析;研究了造纸废水的初始pH值、反应时间和催化剂用量对Al₂O₃@ZnO催化臭氧氧化处理造纸废水效果的影响;并进行了自由基捕集剂叔丁醇实验,以探讨降解造纸废水中有机物的主要因素。结果表明,本研究成功制备了具有良好催化性能的Al₂O₃@ZnO催化剂;在造纸废水初始pH值为11、催化剂用量为2.0 g/L、反应时间为60 min的条件下,Al₂O₃@ZnO催化剂对造纸废水中COD_Cr的去除率可达到84.6％,与单独使用臭氧氧化方法相比,COD_Cr去除率明显提高,且COD_Cr的动力学降解反应遵循准一级动力学方程;叔丁醇的实验结果表明,在Al₂O₃@ZnO催化臭氧氧化处理造纸废水有机物的过程中,羟基自由基是降解废水有机物的主要因素。     

KH-550改性纳米Al2O3增强芳纶纸性能的研究

采用不同用量的硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)对纳米Al_2O_3表面进行改性研究,采用红外光谱和粒度仪对改性前后纳米Al_2O_3进行表征;并考察了改性纳米Al_2O_3的用量对芳纶纸抗张强度、介电强度和紧度等性能的影响。结果表明,KH-550能够成功地对纳米Al_2O_3进行改性,并且有助于芳纶纸性能的增强。随着KH-550用量的增加,改性后的纳米Al_2O_3粒径有所减小;纳米Al_2O_3与KH-550最佳配比为5 g∶15 m L,改性纳米Al_2O_3用量为6%时,芳纶纸的抗张指数和介电强度分别提高了58.3%和37.0%,但纸张的紧度变化不明显。     

铜铁氧体-纳米纤维素磁性复合材料的制备、表征及催化还原对硝基酚性能

采用一锅溶剂热法,分别以三氯化铁(FeCl_3)、二氯化铜(CuCl_2)、醋酸钠(NaAc)、聚乙二醇(PEG6000)、纳米纤维素晶体(CNC)作为铁源、铜源、碱源、表面活性剂和载体,在CNC表面原位合成了铜铁氧体-纳米纤维素(CuFe_2O_4-CNC)磁性复合材料,并根据其对于对硝基酚催化还原性能的好坏作为标准优化其制备工艺。另外,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面积分析仪(BET)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、同步热分析仪(TG-DSC)和紫外-分光光度计(UV-Vis)对制备的复合材料进行结构及性能表征。结果表明,所制备的CuFe_2O_4-CNC磁性复合材料为单一尖晶石结构,磁性复合材料尺寸约10 nm,最大饱和磁化强度Ms为171.56 kA/m,且为典型的超顺磁性材料;在反应温度为200℃、反应时间为8 h的条件下制备的CuFe_2O_4-CNC磁性复合材料具有较高的比表面积和较好的催化还原对硝基酚性能。     

Free radical scavenging activity and comparative proteomic analysis of antioxidative protein against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in neuronal cells

Artemisia annua was enzymatically hydrolyzed by five proteases and seven carbohydrases. All enzymatic extracts scavenged DPPH, hydroxyl and alkyl radicals. Especially, the Protamex among the various proteases and Maltogenase among the various carbohydrases extracts exhibited the highest scavenging activity on hydroxyl radical. The extracts of A. annua clearly reduced neuronal cell death from H₂O₂-induced damage. In addition, a proteomic analysis, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight/time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) was used to identify the proteins of the neuronal cells whose expressions were or were not altered by the treatment of the Maltogenase extracts which showed the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity among all enzymatic extracts for 24 h. The protein characterisation revealed that translation elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC-1) were involved in the cell survival effects against H₂O₂-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that EF-Tu, IgE and VDAC-1 have an important role in the reduction of neuronal apoptosis by oxidative stress, and the enzymatic extracts of A. annua shows potent antioxidative activities by regulating EF-Tu, IgE and VDAC-1.     

Essential rosemary oil protects testicular cells against DNA-damaging effects of H2O2 and DMNQ

Rosemary oil (RO) is popular in the Mediterranean region as a culinary additive which has the ability to protect delicate organs such as liver, brain and heart. We examined the effect of RO consumption on resistance of rat testicular cells (TCs) against DNA-damaging effects of the oxidative agents H₂O₂ and DMNQ and on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). DNA lesions were detected by conventional and modified comet assay and the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were measured spectrophotometrically. Since TCs represent a mixture of haploid, diploid and tetraploid cells, we used flow cytometry for their differentiation and calculation of DNA-damaging effects of H₂O₂ and DMNQ in cells of different ploidy. The results showed that the oxidative DNA lesions were significantly reduced in TCs from rats administered RO; however, the activity of antioxidant enzymes did not differ in TCs from control and RO-supplemented rats.     

牡丹花蕊醇提物对H2O2诱导HUVEC细胞损伤的保护作用

采用高效液相色谱分析牡丹花蕊醇提物的主要成分,并通过H_2O_2诱导HUVEC细胞建立损伤模型,研究牡丹花蕊醇提物对其保护作用。结果表明:牡丹花蕊醇提物主要成分为芦丁、槲皮素和芍药苷3种单体,含量分别为44.25%,15.50%,17.00%;牡丹花蕊醇提物能够降低细胞及其培养液中MDA含量,提高细胞内SOD和GPX活性以及GSH的含量。牡丹花蕊醇提物能够提高HUVEC细胞的抗氧化能力。