认知无线电频谱感知技术研究

认知无线电(CR)作为一种智能通信系统,能够充分了解周围的通信环境,实现频谱的动态利用。频谱感知被用作动态无线电访问的关键技术,并在近些年得到了广泛的研究及应用。文章介绍了三种不同的频谱感知技术:基于发射机的频谱检测、基于接收机的频谱检测和合作检测,并对三种检测技术的性能及优缺点进行了分析。     

基于认知无线网络的部分用户合作频谱感知算法

在认知无线电网络中,传统的合作频谱感知算法允许所有的认知用户参与合作。但是,当参与频谱感知的用户数量较大时,就会导致系统具有较低的传输性能。因此,对一种部分认知用户参与合作频谱感知的方法进行了研究。这种方法采用不同的融合准则,在满足给定系统的检测概率和虚警概率阈值的前提下,确定参与合作感知用户的数量,从而提高系统的检测概率和能量效率,降低系统的虚警概率。     

基于认知无线电的频谱感知技术经典算法研究

基于认知无线电通信系统的核心技术频谱感知经典算法,详细阐述各个算法模型设计原理及实现机制。最后,对频谱感知技术经典算法的优缺点进行了比较,并对频谱感知技术的未来研究趋势进行了展望。     

认知无线电中频谱感知技术

固定频谱分配政策导致频谱使用率低下,为克服这一缺点,人们提出使用认知无线电技术实现动态频谱接入,从而有效利用频谱空穴。频谱感知是认知无线电的关键技术。文中介绍了目前已提出的频谱感知技术:发射机检测(包括匹配滤波器检测、能量检测和周期平稳特征检测)、合作检测、接收机检测及基于干扰温度的检测,仿真分析了各种方法的优缺点及有待解决的问题。为满足多用户环境和实时性要求,仍需探讨新的频谱感知方法,提高检测性能。     

认知无线电频谱感知技术综述

频谱感知作为认知无线电技术实现的前提条件,是目前无线电领域的一个研究热点。文章对频谱感知技术的研究进展进行了综述,重点总结和分析了几种典型的频谱感知模型,并在此基础上讨论了频谱感知下一步的研究方向。     

认知无线电中的一种分散协作频谱感知技术

文章简单介绍了一种认知无线电中的分散协作感知技术,对协作感知下认知用户的侦测概率,以及一个包含双用户的认知网络的灵敏度进行了分析。分析和仿真结果表明,这种分散协作感知技术能够提高系统的侦测灵敏度。     

认知无线电的频谱感知技术探讨

频谱感知允许非许可用户伺机访问未用的许可频带资源,可以极大改善频谱利用率,并且具有较低的部署成本和较好的兼容性。文中首先介绍了认知无线电中频谱感知的相关概念。然后,详细探讨了频谱感知的基本技术手段和面临的挑战。最后,对频谱感知的设计问题进行了说明。     

基于压缩采样和DWPT的认知无线电频谱感知方案

认知无线电频谱感知技术要求能够快速、准确地对高达上千兆赫兹的带宽进行频谱感知,它需要很高速率的模数转换器（A/D）,这对传统的工作在Nyquist采样率下的频谱估计方法提出了很大的挑战。利用实际信号频谱在开放式频谱接入环境中的稀巯性,提出了基于压缩采样和小波包分解的宽带频谱感知方案。通过SIMULINK仿真表明,该方法对宽带信号能以远远低于Nyquist采样率的速率采样,并且能够精确地估计出可用信道列表。     

基于压缩感知的空域信号DOA估计

研究了基于压缩感知的空域信号DOA估计问题。针对空域信号DOA算法采样数据量大,在低信噪比情况下估计结果较差的问题,文中提出一种基于奇异值分解的多矢量欠定系统聚焦求解算法(SVD-MFOCUSS)。该算法在一定程度上克服了稀疏重构算法在低信噪比情况下的缺陷,具有较低的运算复杂度。实验仿真验证了该算法性能优于传统的DOA估计算法,且能够对相干信号进行有效的DOA估计。     

认知无线电的频谱感知算法研究

频谱感知技术、频谱共享技术、频谱管理技术是当前认知无线电的三大核心技术,而频谱感知技术是实现后续的频谱共享和频谱管理的前提。因此主要对当前认知无线电频谱感知技术的基础理论、算法模型以及频谱感知的具体算法做了详尽的分类,并利用Matlab仿真平台对主要的频谱感知算法进行了仿真,并根据仿真结果,比较了各个算法的性能优劣性,可为认知无线电用户的算法选择提供参考,同时也为认知无线电后续的频谱共享和频谱管理工作奠定一定基础。     

Spectrum sensing scheduling for group spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks

This paper addresses the issues on spectrum sharing in a cognitive radio network consisting of a primary user and a group of cognitive users. Each cognitive user may occupy a non‐overlapped sub‐band of the primary spectrum, but it needs to perform spectrum sensing independently before accessing the sub‐band. To reduce the complexity of spectrum sensing and thus energy consumption, this paper proposes a scheduled spectrum sensing scheme. First, we consider a single spectrum sensing scenario where only one cognitive user is elected to perform spectrum sensing, and then it broadcasts its sensing results to the other cognitive users. The scheduled spectrum sensing scheme works in both network‐centric and user‐centric ways. Next, the scheduled spectrum sensing scheme is further generalized to work in a multiple spectrum sensing scenario. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes compared with the traditional schemes where all cognitive users may perform spectrum sensing at the same time. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

认知自组网分布式频谱感知最优协作算法

认知无线电技术使得自组织网络节点能够充分利用空闲频谱资源,提高了传输性能。通过协作频谱感知,可有效解决由于无线信道存在阴影、噪声和衰落等情况导致的单节点感知准确性偏低。为了解决梯度算法随着协作节点数量增大后计算复杂度变高,文中提出部分梯度算法ψ-GBCS,该模型通过基于SNR的动态阈值保证了感知准确性,同时通过最佳协作节点数提高了感知效率。仿真结果表明,该模型下,综合评估系统效率和性能的J函数值提高37%,能耗降低50%,有效保证大规模认知自组网频谱感知的鲁棒性,降低了对主用户的干扰及设备功耗。     

Dynamic control approaches of spectrum sensing in multi-band cognitive radio networks

In this paper,the dynamic control approaches for spectrum sensing are proposed,based on the theory that prediction is synonymous with data compression in computational learning. Firstly,a spectrum sensing sequence prediction scheme is proposed to reduce the spectrum sensing time and improve the throughput of secondary users. We use Ziv-Lempel data compression algorithm to design the prediction scheme,where spectrum band usage history is utilized. In addition,an iterative algorithm to find out the optimal number of spectrum bands allowed to sense is proposed,with the aim of maximizing the expected net reward of each secondary user in each time slot. Finally,extensive simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic control approaches of spectrum sensing.     

Improved cooperative spectrum sensing based on the reputation in cognitive radio networks

Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising technology to improve the utilisation of wireless spectrum resources. Spectrum sensing is the core functionality in CR networks (CRN). When there exist malicious users (MUs) in CRN and MUs start to attack the network after accumulating reputation to some extent, the performance is deteriorated. In this paper, a scheme is proposed by employing Orthogonalized Gnanadesikan–Kettenring (OGK) to mitigate the effect of MUs without the assistance of trusted nodes, and it can improve the robustness of CRN. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

认知无线电中基于感知信息量化的合作频谱感知

针对认知无线电频谱感知性能的提高与传输开销的矛盾,本文提出了一种基于感知信息量化的合作频谱感知方案。该方法对各认知用户的本地检测结果采用3个判决门限进行2比特位的量化,在融合中心处对量化信息加权处理后,得到最终主用户是否存在的判决。本文详细研究了采用该方案的检测概率,虚警概率和吞吐量,理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法在每个认知用户只增加1bit传输开销的前提下能够极大的改善检测性能,实现了检测性能与传输开销的较好权衡。     

认知无线电NC-OFDM系统中基于压缩感知的信道估计新方法

提出了一种基于压缩感知(CS,compressive sensing)理论的不连续子载波正交频分复用(NC-OFDM,non-contiguous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)系统信道估计新方法,全面研究了认知无线电NC-OFDM系统CS信道估计的理论框架、导频图案的设计、信道估计算法,并依据CS测量矩阵设计理论提出了测量矩阵互相关最小化的导频图案优化准则。仿真结果表明,同已有的NC-OFDM系统信道估计方法相比,CS信道估计能够在多种禁用子载波场景下,使用较少导频获得很好的信道估计性能。     

Effective autocorrelation-based spectrum sensing technique for cognitive radio network applications

Spectrum sensing based on detection techniques enables cognitive radio networks to detect vacant frequency bands. The spectrum sensing gives the opportunity to increase the radio spectrum channels re-utilization. However, the main challenge in spectrum sensing is the simplicity of the considered detection approach and the amount of prior information needed to make an accurate decision. This paper proposes a novel sensing technique based on the autocorrelation function. This novel approach is based on the speed of convergence to zero of all autocorrelation coefficients. This technique shows the highest probability of detection for the same probability of false alarm target at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) compared with many standard detection techniques. The proposed method has been implemented using GNU Radio software and SDR (software-defined radio) platforms. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method under real scenarios.     

A novel signal separation algorithm based on compressed sensing for wideband spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks

In cognitive radio networks, since cognitive terminals use a shared wideband frequency spectrum for data transmissions, they are susceptible to malicious denial‐of‐service attacks, where adversaries try to corrupt communication by actively transmitting interference signals. To address this issue, in this paper, we propose a novel signal separation algorithm based on compressed sensing, which can not only recover the entire spectrum but also separate mixed occupying signals. Specifically, the proposed algorithm is executed following three steps: (i) each cognitive terminal attempts to recover all signals over an entire wideband spectrum employing the compressed sensing technique; (ii) all cognitive terminals send their recovered signals to the fusion center where a wavelet edge detection method is adopted to locate the spectrum edges of these signals and then divide the entire spectrum into several sub‐bands; (iii) the fusion center separates its received signals on each spectrum sub‐band into different categories according to their features. Both analytical and simulation results indicate that this novel compressed‐sensing‐based algorithm can effectively separate wideband signals at a low cost and combat interference of the malicious terminals in cognitive radio networks as well. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Location based spectrum sensing performance analysis over fading channels in cognitive radio networks

This paper analyzes the spectrum sensing performance over fading channel,in which a licensee and multiple unlicensed users coexist and operate in the licensed channel in a local area. The overall average probabilities of detection and false alarm by jointly taking the fading and the locations of all secondary users into account are derived,and a statistical model of cumulate interference is constructed. Based on the cumulate interference,a closed-form expression of outage probability at the primary user's receiver according to a specific distribution of the fading is obtained. Finally,the sensing parameters so as to minimize the total spectrum sensing error and maximize the average opportunistic throughput are obtained. It is noted that the overall average performance analysis and results here enable to benchmark the design of specific spectrum sensing algorithms.     

Adaptive dual‐radio spectrum‐sensing scheme in cognitive radio networks

In this paper, a novel spectrum‐sensing scheme, called adaptive dual‐radio spectrum‐sensing scheme (ADRSS), is proposed for cognitive radio networks. In ADRSS, each secondary user (SU) is equipped with a dual radio. During the data transmission, with the received signal‐to‐noise ratio of primary user (PU) signal, the SU transmitter (SUT) and the SU receiver (SUR) are selected adaptively to sense one channel by one radio while communicating with each other by the other one. The sensing results of the SUR are sent to the SUT through feedback channels (e.g., ACK). After that, with the sensing results from the SUT or the SUR, the SUT can decide whether the channel switching should be carried out. The theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the normalized channel efficiency, defined as the expected ratio of time duration without interference to PUs in data transmission to the whole frame length, can be improved while satisfying the interference constraint to PUs. After that, an enhanced ADRSS is designed by integrating ADRSS with cooperative spectrum sensing, and the performance of ADRSS under imperfect feedback channel is also discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.