一种智慧协同网络多参数的多路径路由算法

多路径路由技术采用多条路径同时传输,作为优化资源配置和负载均衡的重要技术,在路由可靠性、QoS路由、传输效率等多方面比单路径传输具有优势.现有互联网网络资源配置和路由机制相对静态和僵化,导致多路径技术的发展存在发展的局限性.现有多路径技术考虑在路由层面不利于多路径路由选择和计算,难以保证传输性能,降低网络传输效率.智慧协同网络能够动态感知网络需求,灵活适配网络资源,更好的支持路由可扩展性.本文在智慧协同网络架构下提出了一种智慧协同网络多参数的多路径路由算法.该算法制定了智慧协同网络多参数的多路径路由协议,对网络性能参数CPU占用率、往返时延(RTT)、带宽进行加权计算得到路径权重值,根据权重值进行流量分配.采用图论理论对网络流量分配及模型进行了分析.并在Mini-Net平台上进行了开发和实验,结果表明,该算法能够优化网络配置,减小往返时延,提高网络吞吐量,从而提高网络性能,实现负载均衡.     

基于时延调节的移动自组网多路径路由策略

针对AOMDV协议的多路径切换机制,提出了一种基于时延调节的移动自组网多路径路由策略,根据目的端获得的分组时延规律主动切换路径,达到负载均衡的目的。仿真实验结果表明,能在一定程度上降低路由开销以及延长网络生存时间。     

基于OFDM认知无线电网络的最优路径算法

针对基于正交频分复用的分布式认知无线电网络,在考虑频谱移动特性的同时,为保证认知用户数据传输的可靠性,提出一种最优路径的基于OFDM认知无线电网络路由算法.该算法首先通过建立认知无线电网络的模型计算信道的期望传输时间和信道干扰,结合类似于按需路由的基本流程得到所有可能的路径.最后,根据最小累积期望传输时间和路径平均吞吐量的指标来选择最优路径.仿真的结果表明,OROCR算法可以明显地减少平均端到端时延,大大地提高平均端到端吞吐量.     

基于AODV的无线多媒体传感器网络路由协议

研究了AODV路由协议,分析了多路径路由实现机制,提出了一种可应用于无线多媒体传感器网络的能量均衡多路径AODV路由协议。该协议建立从源节点到目的节点的多条路径,在路径的选择上综合考虑了路径跳数和节点剩余能量,用以保证负载均衡,延长网络生存期,该算法使用了分流的方式避免拥塞。通过使用NS2仿真软件对EEMP-AODV路由协议进行仿真,结果显示其在拥塞避免、实时性、吞吐量和网络生存期方面的性能有明显提升。     

基于网络编码的无线网络路由协议

基于机会的网络编码方法(COPE)研究网络编码在无线环境中的协议层面上具体实现的问题,但COPE被动地等待编码机会的出现.为了更大限度的提高网络编码的性能,需要将网络编码与无线路由协议相结合来在无线节点上创造出更多的编码机会以减少总的传输次数,以有效的提升网络的吞吐量.当前的编码感知路由算法主要包括基于Markovian路由度量的路由协议、编码感知机会路由协议(CORE)、分布式编码感知路由协议(DCAR)、速率匹配的编码感知多路径路由协议(RCR)、编码感知多路径路由协议(CAMP)等.无线网络内的编码感知路由领域中新型路由度量和跨层设计等问题还需要进一步研究.     

基于DSR的改进型综合源路由协议

在无线Mesh网络中,动态源路由(Dynamic Source Routing,DSR)协议是一种广泛应用的协议,其路由的建立与维护都从源节点发起。然而,由于DSR协议在路由发现与建立的过程中存在局限性,因此仍需要进一步研究。基于DSR协议通过引入一种综合了路径负载率、时延和跳数的负载均衡机制,并加入能量状态监控和多径路由,提出了一种改进型综合源路由协议(Improved Comprehensive Multi-path Source Routing,ICMSR),能够更好地实现网络负载均衡,节约网络能源,提升网络性能。最后,使用Opnet仿真验证了算法的有效性。仿真结果表明,改进协议在网络生存时间、分组投递率、端到端时延和网络吞吐量等性能指标上,相较于现有DSR协议都有较大的提升。     

基于NS-3的声电协同网络实现及路由性能分析

水下无线通信主要依靠水声通信的方式进行信息传输。但水声链路本身具有高时延和高误码率等不足,为水下应用提供低时延的通信服务是一项具有挑战性的工作。声电协同网(CRAN)旨在充分利用水面无线电链路弥补水声网络(UAN)的性能局限,提升网络的整体性能。其中,CRAN中的路由协议需要构建声、电混合路径,是声电协同网络研究中的关键问题。该文首先在网络模拟器3(NS-3)中设计并实现了声电浮标节点与CRAN协议栈,搭建了CRAN的仿真平台。随后探讨了以无线自组网按需平面距离向量路由协议(AODV)为代表的被动式路由在CRAN中的应用。该文发现,AODV协议使用的距离向量准则在CRAN中能够更多地选择高速的无线电链路进行数据转发,有效地降低了网络传输时延。最后,通过仿真对AODV与其他协议的性能进行了对比、分析。结果表明,CRAN在投递率、传输时延、网络吞吐量、能效和路由响应速度方面对比水声通信网有较大提升。同时,以AODV为代表的被动路由协议,相比于以优化链路状态路由协议(OLSR)为代表的主动路由协议更适用于CRAN。     

基于AOMDV的自适应负载均衡研究

针对Ad-hoc网络中大多数路由协议没有考虑如何使流量在网络中平均分配的问题,提出了一种自适应的负载均衡方法,使建立的路径减少拥塞,并且流量会均匀地分布在网络中。在Ad-hoc按需多路径距离矢量(AOMDV)中应用这种方法,并且通过NS2仿真结果表明网络负载在总体上是均衡的,路由开销和平均端到端时延的性能也提高了。     

无线Mesh网中时延约束抖动优化的多路径流量分配算法

针对无线mesh网中多媒体应用的特点,研究多路径传输中路径时延满足约束且路径间抖动最小化的路径流量分配问题。首先,基于网络演算理论分析了数据分组在无线mesh网单路径传输中产生的队列时延,推导出单路径传输的时延上界以及多路径传输中的路径间时延抖动上界,并得到满足时延约束的路径最大容许流入速率;然后,基于时延及其抖动上界,提出满足时延约束抖动优化的路径流量分配算法DCJOTA,该算法根据路径最大容许流入速率按比例分配各路径流量,同时尽可能减小路径间的时延抖动;最后,分析了算法DCJOTA的可行性及其实现方法,并在NS2网络模拟器中验证了该算法的有效性。仿真实验表明,与AOMDV协议相比,集成了DCJOTA算法的多路径路由协议DCJO-AOMDV协议在时延及其抖动方面具有更好的表现:端到端平均时延降低3.9%,端到端平均时延抖动减小24.5%。另外,DCJOTA算法带来协议复杂性略微增加,DCJO-AOMDV协议下的网络吞吐量下降1.7%。     

基于AOMDV的多径路由协议改进及仿真分析

Ad Hoc网络是由一些移动节点组成、拓扑结构复杂且动态变化的自组织网络。网络中没有固定的网络基础设施,对路由协议要求较高。通过在每个节点的路由表和发送接收包中增加能量参数等措施,提出基于AOMDV的多路径路由协议改进方案PE-AOMDV协议,最后在NS2仿真平台上实现对改进的AOMDV多路径路由协议仿真分析。仿真结果表明：与AOMDV协议相比,新的基于能量的多路径路由协议PE-AOMDV的传输时延和路由开销都有所降低,并提高了分组投递率,从而提高了网络性能。     

Increasing the network performance using multi-path routing mechanism with load balance

Research on multi-path routing protocols to provide improved throughput and route resilience as compared with single-path routing has been explored in details in the context of wired networks. However, multi-path routing mechanisms have not been explored thoroughly in the domain of ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol which increases the network throughput. The protocol is a multi-path routing protocol with a load balance policy. The simulations show a significant improvement in terms of connection throughput and end-to-end delay, when compared to single-path routing. The second significant contribution of this paper is a theoretical analysis allowing to compare reactive single-path and multi-path routing with load balance mechanisms in ad hoc networks, in terms of overheads, traffic distribution and connection throughput. The results reveal that multi-path routing (using a load balance policy) provides better performance than reactive single-path routing in terms of congestion and connection throughput, provided that the average route length is smaller than certain upper bounds which are derived and depend on parameters specific to the network. These upper bounds are very crucial because they can be taken into account as constraints in the route discovery mechanism so that the multi-path routing protocol is guaranteed to lead to an increase performance than a simple single-path one. Also, our analysis provide some insight into choosing the right trade-off between increased overheads and better performance. We show in particular that for certain networks, a multi-path routing strategy is not worth considering.     

Wardrop Routing in Wireless Networks

Wireless routing protocols traditionally use shortest-path routing, and ignore traffic load in the choice of routes. In static mesh networks, we formally establish that if the number of sources is not too large, then one can construct a perfect flow-avoiding routing that boosts the throughput provided to each user over that of shortest-path routing by a factor of upto four. So motivated, we design a multi-path, load adaptive routing protocol that is generally applicable even when there are more sources. Our protocol adaptively equalizes the mean delay along all utilized routes from a source to destination, and does not utilize routes with greater mean delay. This is the Wardrop equilibrium property. We also address architectural challenges confronted in software implementation of a multi-path, delay feedback based, probabilistic routing algorithm. Our routing protocol is (i) completely distributed, (ii) automatically load balances flows, (iii) uses multiple paths whenever beneficial, (iv) guarantees loop-free paths at every time instant, and (v) amenable to clean implementation. A simulation study indicates that it is able to automatically route flows to "avoid" each other, consistently out-performing shortest-path protocols. The protocol has been implemented on a modified Linux 2.4.20 kernel. Finally, we discuss a proof-of-concept measurement study on a six node testbed.     

Delay Aware and Load Balanced Multi-Path Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

In wireless sensor networks, a multi-path routing based data gathering algorithm should consider the number of paths and the way to select these paths. The data transfer through these multiple paths should be performed in a load balanced way. There should be some detection technique for routing failures. In this paper, we propose to design a load balanced delay aware multi-path routing. It contains three phases: the multi-path construction phase, Data aggregation phase and the Data transmission phase. The sink calculates the inter-arrival delay and new data sending rate for all the paths and this information is sent as a feedback to the source such that the paths with minimum delay are chosen and the packets are distributed through these paths according to their new data sending rates. By our simulation results we show that our objectives are achieved through this method and so the multi-path routing has been enhanced.     

6LoWPAN中优化多路径路由吞吐率的数据包分片方案

6LoWPAN协议支持在IEEE 802.15.4低功耗无线个域网络中传递IPv6数据包,其主要功能包括对IPv6数据包进行分片与拼装、头部压缩和路由。该文利用概率论推导了6LoWPAN中一个IPv6数据包从信源到达信宿所需要的发送次数、传递时延和吞吐率,建立了基于多路径路由优化吞吐率的数学模型,并依此提出了IPv6数据包的最优分片方案,该方案可以提高6LoWPAN中IPv6数据包的吞吐率。     

认知无线电网络路由研究综述

 在对近期认知无线电网络路由研究成果进行研究的基础上,从邻居节点发现、“耳聋”、邻居节点消失、路由发现和跨层设计等5个方面,对认知无线电网络路由研究面临的重要挑战进行了分析;从研究方法的角度,对路由研究中对公共控制信道的依赖、路径延时,以及需要考虑的技术指标进行了讨论。最后,从介质、信道、节点和网络等4个方面,对路由研究场景设计进行了归纳总结;并从路由优化方案和路由拓扑算法协议两个方面,对主要研究成果进行了分析和讨论。     

ad hoc网络中一种基于信任模型的机会路由算法

由于ad hoc网络具有缺乏足够的物理保护、拓扑结构动态变化、采用分布式协作、节点的带宽和计算能力有限等特点,导致传统的路由安全机制不再适合ad hoc网络路由协议的设计。最近当前研究热点之一的机会路由能够在链路不可靠的情况下充分利用无线广播和空间多样性的特性提高网络的吞吐量。因此,考虑在机会路由中引入信任相似性概念设计信任机会路由,建立了基于节点信任度和最小成本的信任机会转发模型,提出了最小成本的机会路由算法MCOR,并对算法进行了理论上的分析和证明。最后采用仿真实验对该算法进行验证,又与经典机会路由协议ExOR以及其他经典的信任路由协议TAODV和Watchdog-DSR进行性能对比。仿真结果表明,MCOR算法能够防范恶意节点的攻击,在吞吐量、端到端时延、期望转发次数(ETX)和成本开销等方面都比其他3种协议表现出性能上的优势。     

无线网络的多径源路由协议研究

对目前AdHoc无线移动网络中存在的路由问题进行分析，并从多路径路由的要求出发，讨论把动态源路由协议DSR改造成多源路径协议的可行性，并提出了具体的实现算法。文中所提出的多径源路由协议为无线网络的路由协议的研究提供了重要的理论支持。     

A simple void node and loop‐free three‐dimensional routing protocol for multi‐hop wireless networks

Wireless networks are now very essential part for modern ubiquitous communication systems. The design of efficient routing and scheduling techniques for such networks have gained importance to ensure reliable communication. Most of the currently proposed geographic routing protocols are designed for 2D spatial distribution of user nodes, although in many practical scenarios user nodes may be deployed in 3D space also. In this paper, we propose 3D routing protocols for multihop wireless networks that may be implemented in two different ways depending on how the routing paths are computed. When the routing paths to different user nodes from the base station in the wireless network are computed by the base station, we call it centralized protocol (3DMA‐CS). A distributed routing (3DMA‐DS) protocol is implemented when respective routing path of each user node to the base station is computed by the user node. In both of these protocols, the user (base station) selects the relay node to forward packets in the direction of destination, from the set of its neighbours, which makes minimum angle with the reference line drawn from user (base station) to the base station (user), within its transmission range. The proposed protocols are free from looping problem and can solve the void node problem (VNP) of multihop wireless networks. Performance analysis of the proposed protocol is shown by calculating end‐to‐end throughput, average path length, end‐to‐end delay, and energy consumption of each routing path through extensive simulation under different network densities and transmission ranges.     

高动态Ad Hoc路由协议性能分析

Ad Hoc网络是一种没有固定设施的无线移动自组织网络,动态变化的拓扑结构对路由协议的性能有着重要影响。研究了动态源路由(DSR)协议、Ad Hoc按需距离矢量(AODV)路由协议和最优链路状态路由(OLSR)协议3种传统路由协议,利用OPNET软件作为仿真工具,设计了2种不同网络规模条件下空中飞行平台网络拓扑结构背景的高动态仿真方案,通过比较网络时延、归一化网络吞吐量、路由负载和数据传送成功率,分析了它们的性能。仿真结果表明,OLSR协议的综合性能优于其它协议,更适合于节点高速移动且网络拓扑结构频繁变化的Ad hoc网络,并为下一步研究打下基础。     

基于OPNET的Ad hoc路由协议比较与分析

在过去的几年中，人们对于Ad hoc网络进行了大量的研究，由于Ad hoc网络自身的特殊性，其路由协议的设计与传统固定网络有很大不同，因而也成了研究的焦点之一。丈中首先介绍了Ad hoc网络中的路由协议设计的几种策略，接着介绍了几种典型的Ad hoc路由协议，最后通过OPNET仿真并获取数据，通过考察路由发现时间、传输时延、路由跳数及网络吞吐量等性能指标，对两种典型路由协议进行综合评测，进而给出了结论，并对未来的研究指出了方向。