聚苯乙烯微球的制备及其在光子晶体中的应用

亚微米级聚苯乙烯微球是一类常见的制备光子晶体的材料。综述了分散聚合法和乳液聚合法制备光子晶体用单分散聚苯乙烯微球的研究进展;介绍了聚苯乙烯胶体球在蛋白石结构、反蛋白石结构和可调制光子晶体中的应用进展;并提出了今后的研究方向。     

NaGd(WO4)2:Yb3+/Tm3+反蛋白石光子晶体的制备与上转换发光调制研究

三维光子晶体具有长程有序的结构特点, 在可见和近红外光谱范围内有着广泛的应用。光子晶体的一个重要性质是其对嵌入其中的发光中心自发辐射具有调制作用。本研究利用自组装和模板辅助法制备高质量的三维NaGd(WO₄)₂:Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺反蛋白石光子晶体, 探究了光子带隙对Tm³⁺离子上转换荧光发射与发光动力学的调制作用。通过对比分析发现, 由于反蛋白石光子晶体独特的周期性大孔结构和光子带隙效应, 处于光子带隙内的Tm³⁺离子¹G₄-³H₆的发光强度被抑制约45%, 自发辐射速率(SDR)被抑制约30%, 同时上转换局域热效应得到有效的调制。本实验结果对探索新型高效稀土掺杂上转换发光材料和提高上转换发光效率有指导意义。     

光子带隙调制下发光体间的能量传递过程

光子晶体具有光子带隙和光子局域等特有性质,光物理过程在光子带隙调制下产生新的现象特点为制备新型光电材料提供了可能。通过对光子带隙调制作用的机理探讨,设计制备蛋白石及反蛋白石结构光子晶体。对其中发光体的荧光光谱和给体荧光寿命的实验研究表明,当光子带隙频段与能量传递过程中给体的发射光谱相重叠,能量传递过程将得到增强。     

蛋白石、反蛋白石结构光子晶体的制备进展

近30年来,蛋白石结构光子晶体(简称蛋白石)和反蛋白石结构光子晶体(简称反蛋白石)成为光波导、光催化、化学及生物传感器、光伏电池等研究领域的热点。对蛋白石制备方法进行了归纳,从毛细管力、电磁场力及其他外加力的作用方面对自组装方法进行了分类和讨论;将反蛋白石制备方法归纳为三步法和两步法,详细地介绍、分析了三步法中反蛋白石前驱体充填方法,总结了两步法制备大面积、无缺陷反蛋白石研究进展,并进行了讨论;最后对蛋白石、反蛋白石制备进行了总结和展望。     

光子晶体在光催化领域的研究进展

光子晶体是由具有不同介电常数的物质,在空间按照周期性排列形成具有光子带隙的介电结构材料.光子带隙中的慢光子和带隙反射可以促进光子的捕获和控制光与物质之间的相互作用.基于光子晶体独特的光学特性和较大的比表面积,将光子晶体结构引入到半导体光催化材料的设计中,可以有效地增强光催化反应活性.本文介绍了三维光子晶体的制备方法及慢光子效应,总结了光子晶体特别是反蛋白石结构的光子晶体作为光催化剂在废水净化、制氢、二氧化碳的转化等领域的研究进展,并针对光子晶体光催化剂面临的挑战,提出了开发具有不同折射率和周期性的多层三维光子晶体,促进光子晶体在光催化领域的应用.     

胶态晶体模板法制备三维有序大孔材料及其应用

胶态晶体中的粒子一般具有蛋白石结构,通过胶态晶体空穴可以制备反蛋白石结构的多孔材料,孔径可由100nm以内到1000nm不等,并具有三维长程有序的孔结构,可望应用于光学器件、光子晶体、催化剂、特殊过滤膜及其它领域.重点介绍了胶态晶体模板法在多孔材料合成上的应用及其未来的发展前景.     

光子晶体传感器的研究进展

光子晶体是一类具有光子能带和带隙的新型光学材料,近年来已成为传感器技术领域的研究热点。光子晶体微腔、光子晶体波导、光子晶体光纤在传感器领域得到了广泛应用,而凝胶光子晶体、反蛋白石光子晶体、分子印迹光子晶体则实现了化学生物传感器的"裸眼检测技术"。重点分类介绍了一维、二维、三维光子晶体的制备及其在传感器领域的应用进展。     

大面积3D有序介孔二氧化钛薄膜光子晶体制备与性能研究

介绍了大面积有序反蛋白石结构介孔二氧化钛薄膜光子晶体制备与性能研究的进展.为了保证二氧化钛骨架结构的稳定性和有序度,从而使氧化钛介孔薄膜达到大面积结构均匀,在介孔薄膜制备过程中采用了几种新的工艺方法,其中包括二氧化硅晶体模板的应用和用NaOH溶液代替常用的HF溶液作为模板去除剂.制备的介孔二氧化钛薄膜光子晶体的面积达到厘米尺寸,二氧化钛骨架的填充率达到17.4%,薄膜制备过程中的收缩率<3%.薄膜透射光谱研究结果表明,这种大面积3D有序的反蛋白石结构介孔二氧化钛薄膜具有非常优良的光子带隙特性,有望成为一类具有非常好的发展和应用前景的光子晶体材料.     

胶体阵列及三维光子晶体制备的研究进展

单分散的胶体颗粒能自发排列成胶体阵列,其长程有序结构能获得许多特殊的性质.胶体阵列被用作制备可见光及近红外波长范围的光子晶体的基础.以其为模板制备的反蛋白石结构可拥有全光子禁带,为新一代光子器件开发和应用带来了希望.介绍了单分散胶体颗粒的主流制备方法,归纳总结了胶体阵列制备的几种方法和国内外最新的相关报道,简述了其在制备三维光子晶体领域的最新进展以及该领域国内外的研究进展.     

光子晶体光热调控研究

光和热是人类生存的必需条件,合理调控光与热不仅能使人类的生活更加便利,还可以解决探索太空亟需的难题。以光子晶体为代表的微纳结构,可赋予材料本身所不具备的光学特性,通过对关键材料进行微纳结构化,可以显著提高材料的光热调控性能,满足人类在民生和航天应用的需求。本论文从光热调控原理出发,主要包括4个部分:首先是对构建光子晶体的微球合成、蛋白石结构光子晶体和反蛋白石结构光子晶体的制备以及光谱性能进行简介;其次是介绍以光子晶体为代表的微纳结构在光学特性调控中的应用:光子晶体波段选择性反射的光学特性和仿蛾眼微纳结构的抗反射光学特性;随后依据辐射传热原理介绍微纳结构光热调控在智能热控和智能窗上的应用;并简单介绍国际上热门的微纳结构辐射自制冷的研究;最后结合国内外光热调控的研究现状展望其应用前景。     

Color tunability of upconversion emission in YBO3: Yb, Er inverse opal

Upconversion (C) light-emitting photonic band gap materials (YBO₃: Yb, Er) with inverse opal structure were prepared by a self-assembly technique in combination with a sol-gel method. The effect of the photonic stop-band on the upconversion luminescence of Er³⁺ ions has been investigated in the YBO₃: Yb, Er inverse opals. Significant suppression of the green or red UC emission was detected if the photonic band-gap overlaps with the Er³⁺ ions emission band. We successfully achieved the color tuning of the UC optical properties of the inverse opal by controlling the structure of the photonic crystal.     

Optimizing sol-gel infiltration for the fabrication of high-quality titania inverse opal and its photocatalytic activity

This article reports an optimized sol-gel opal infiltration technique for the fabrication of high-quality titania inverse opal. Different from previous reports, the presently proposed method is facile, efficient and suitable for other inorganic oxide. We have compared two different infiltration strategies and their influences on the structure, photonic properties and photocatalytic activity. The obtained titania inverse opal displays excellent photonic properties with photonic band gap at 320 nm and better photocatalytic effect, which is attributed to its high-quality inverse opal nanostructure. Reproducibility tests prove that the photocatalytic activity of the resultant titania inverse opal remains intact even after five repeated photocatalytic reactions under the same procedure and experimental conditions.     

Effect of photonic bandgap on upconversion emission in YbPO4:Er inverse opal photonic crystals

We obtained upconversion (UC) light-emitting photonic materials (YbPO(4):Er) with an inverse opal structure by the self-assembly technique in combination with a solgel method. The effect of the photonic stopband on the UC luminescence of the (2)H(11/2), (4)S(3/2)→(4)I(15/2), and (4)F(9/2)→(4)I(15/2) transitions of Er(3+) has been observed in the inverse opals of the Er(3+)-doped YbPO(4). Significant suppression of the UC emission was detected if the photonic bandgap overlapped with the Er(3+) ions emission band, while enhancement of the UC emission occurs if the emission band appears at the edge of the bandgap.     

Silicon Inverse Opal—A Platform for Photonic Bandgap Research

This article focuses attention on recent research on the silicon inverse opal, the first self‐assembled or bottom–up synthetic photonic crystal to exhibit a complete photonic bandgap (PBG) at 1.5 μm^[1] in accordance with theoretical predictions.^[2] The silicon inverse opal has since proven to be a useful platform for assembling on‐chip films^[3] and in‐chip patterns,^[4] engineering extrinsic defects,^[5] mapping photon density of states,^[6] switching light with light, and inhibiting spontaneous emission.^[7] Also, new and exciting colloidal‐crystal‐based structures are being developed based on experimental and theoretical knowledge acquired for the synthesis of inverted silicon photonic crystals.^[8–10] It has also inspired the idea of the silicon inverse opal heterostructure, a theoretical construct that could enable an all‐optical microchip for single mode diffractionless waveguiding of light in air throughout a bandwidth of more than 70 nm at 1.5 μm.^[11]     

TiO2 inverse opal based CdS/CdSe quantum dot co-sensitized solar cells

CdS and CdSe quantum dots were introduced as co-sensitizers into TiO₂ inverse opal quantum dot sensitized solar cells. Herein, the three-dimensionally ordered porous TiO₂ inverse opal film leads to a better infiltration of both sensitizers and hole transporting material, and the smaller surface area of TiO₂ inverse opal film is effectively offset by the incorporating of co-sensitization. It was found that the presence of CdS/CdSe co-sensitizers provides enhanced light absorption, and leads to a lower recombination rate of the electrons due to the stepwise structure of band edge in TiO₂/CdS/CdSe, which resulted in the observed enhanced photocurrent and energy conversion efficiency of the solar cells. A cell efficiency of 1.01 % has been attained.     

Preparation of platinum inverse opals using self-assembled templates and their application in methanol oxidation

Synthetic opals were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates from a highly monodisperse polystyrene dispersion. Platinum was then electrodeposited through the interstitial space of the opal matrix. The platinum inverse opal (Pt-IOp) was subsequently obtained by the removal of the polystyrene template, leaving a highly ordered three dimensional structure. Both the opal template and platinum (Pt) inverse opal were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The results confirmed that the Pt inverse opal (Pt-IOp) has a microporous structure with high surface area and exhibits excellent electrochemical property. The electrocatalytic application of the resulting nanostructured Pt inverse opal electrodes for methanol oxidation was also investigated. The nanostructured Pt-IOp electrode showed a catalytic activity and highly stable electrocatalytic performance in methanol oxidation.     

Photocontrolled Healable Structural Color Hydrogels

Structural color hydrogels with healable capability are of great significance in many fields, however the controllability of these materials still needs optimizing. Thus, this work presents a healable structural color hydrogel with photocontrolling properties. The component parts of the hydrogel are a graphene oxide (GO) integrated inverse opal hydrogel scaffold and a hydrogel filler with reversible phase transition. The inverse opal scaffold provides stable photonic crystal structure and the hydrogel filler is the foundation of healing. Taking advantage of the prominent photothermal conversion efficiency of GO, the healable structural color material is imparted with photocontrolled properties. It is found that the structural color hydrogel shaped in complex patterns can heal under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation. These features indicate that the optical controllable healable structural color hydrogel can be employed in various applications, such as constructing complex objects, repairing tissues, and so on.     

Inverse Opal Scaffolds with an Embossed Surface Pattern Prepared from Sticky Golf‐Ball‐Shaped Microparticle Assemblies

Inverse opal scaffolds presenting an embossed‐pattern surface are prepared from colloidal crystal assemblies of uniformly sized golf‐ball‐shaped microparticles. Post‐treatments, such as thermal annealing during the bridging of the microparticles for opal preparation, are avoided to prevent deterioration of surface patterns of the sacrificial template. This presents a new approach to increase the surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio (SAV) by the alteration of morphological features in sophisticated 3D structures that remain largely unexamined owing to difficulties in their preparation. Previous results observed in 2D surfaces that show effective performance improvement through an increase in contact area, especially in biomedical applications, also appear applicable to patterned inverse opal scaffolds based on comparable results obtained from cell cultures. As the field of application of opal and inverse opal structures is expanding due to their unique structural advantages, such as 3D interconnectivity and periodic structures, our strategy opens the door for the use of patterned surfaces on highly sophisticated 3D structures, improving their performance via an increase in SAV.     

Fabrication of a multi-scale nanostructure of TiO(2) for application in dye-sensitized solar cells

We propose a highly ordered multi-scale nanostructure of TiO(2) for applications as an anode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The structure is composed of a TiO(2) blocking layer, a TiO(2) inverse opal main body, regularly arranged transport channels between contacting spherical voids of the TiO(2) inverse opal, and TiO(2) nanoparticles coated on the spherical surfaces of the voids. The ordered and continuous backbone of the inverse opal serves as the fast electron transport pathways while the regularly arranged transport channels enable easy transport of dye and electrolyte within the structure. A multi-cycle procedure was developed to enable fabrication of thick inverse opals and easy adjustment of the inverse opal thickness. An example structure was constructed, involving a blocking layer of 90?nm thickness, an inverse opal of 100?nm voids, transport channels of 30-50?nm openings, and nanoparticles 10-15?nm in size. An open-circuit voltage decay investigation showed a significant improvement in electron lifetime for the proposed multi-scale TiO(2) nanostructure based DSSC than that of a TiO(2) nanoparticle film based DSSC, revealing the superior electron recombination characteristic offered by the proposed TiO(2) nanostructure. The conversion efficiency of the DSSC assembled from such an anode structure can reach 4% with a short-circuit current density (J(sc)) of 8.7?mA?cm(-2) and open-circuit potential (V(oc)) of 0.76?V under AM 1.5 (100?mW?cm(-2)) illumination.