TL全光亮化学镀镍磷合金工艺研究

研究全光亮化学镀镍层的主要技术条件，光亮剂的选择，被镀件表面状态对镀层光亮度的影响，合理施镀工艺条件。结果表明：该工艺可获得全光亮镀层，孔隙率低，耐蚀性能好，同时，对镀液的沉积速度、稳定性，装载量、pH值及施镀温度对镀层光亮度的影响均进行了试验。完成TL-013、TL-014两种全光亮化学镀镍磷合金浓缩液配方和完善的施镀工艺。     

玻璃基体化学镀Ni-P合金

通过调整镀液成分,优化温度、pH、施镀时间等工艺参数,获得了在玻璃基体沉积光亮Ni-P合金镀层的化学镀工艺;分析了镀层含磷量以及基体表面性质等对镀层光亮度和结合力的影响;性能测试结果证明镀层有较好的光亮度和结合力,磷的质量分数为10%~11%。     

影响酸性亮铜层光亮度的几个因素

酸性光亮镀铜工艺能镀取全光亮、高整平性和韧性良好的镀层,还具有成本相对较低的优点,因而被广泛应用。但是,如果管理不善,也会出现光亮度不佳等情况。笔者仅就本人七年生产实践经验,对其中影响镀铜层光亮度的主要因素及防止方法谈点粗浅的见解。一、光亮添加剂宜按千安时消耗量补加镀铜层的光亮度主要是由添加剂的作用决定,因此,镀液中添加剂比例失调是光亮度下降的基本因素。     

碱性锌酸盐电镀Zn-Fe合金工艺的研究

研究了碱性锌酸盐电镀Zn-Fe合金工艺，考察了合金镀液组成及工艺条件对合金镀层中铁含量的影响。得到了最佳镀液组成及工艺条件，实验发现：Zn-Fe合金的沉积表现为异常共沉积。在一定的范围内，镀层中铁含量升高，其光亮度随之提高；凡能影响镀层光亮度的条件发生变化，镀层中铁含量也随之变化，在最佳工艺条件下，可得到铁含量为0.2%-0.8%的兼具防护和装饰功能的Zn-Fe合金镀层。     

电刷镀铬溶液及工艺研究

过去电刷镀都用镍镀层代替铬镀层,但镍镀层的耐磨性、硬度等性能不如铬镀层。本文研究了电刷镀铬的溶液及其施镀工艺。采用三价铬即硫酸铬做主盐,用甲酸铵做络合剂,用高纯石墨做阳极,工作电压选用8—13伏,并研究了施镀的工艺流程。在全光亮镍上镀铬,所得镀层系带青光的银白色金属,其耐蚀性能可以通过48小时盐雾试验,与基体结合强度高,可用作产品的表面装饰。     

全光亮深孔镀镍工艺实践

围绕选择更合理的全光亮深孔镀镍添加剂,摸索出全光亮深孔镀镍工艺参数及镀前镀后处理工艺.实践证明正确选择全光亮深孔镀镍添加剂,可以有效地提高深孔镀镍能力.漂白工艺有助于提高深孔镀层的光亮性.     

电镀光亮锌—镍合金

研究了以ＨＥＤＰ为络合剂，ＺＮＰ为添加剂的电镀光亮Ｚｎ－Ｎｉ合金工艺，探讨了络合剂含量、氯化物含量、阴极电流密度、温度及辅助络合剂对镀层中Ｎｉ含量的影响，综合考虑合金镀层组成，镀层的光亮度及镀层稳定性，确定了电镀光亮Ｚｎ－Ｎｉ合金的最佳镀液组成及工艺条件。     

仿不锈钢色的化学镀镍层研究

1　前言不锈钢以华贵、庄重典雅色泽在装饰、装璜等行业广泛应用 ,化学镀镍以硬度高、耐磨性好、抗蚀性优良在表面处理领域中越来越显示出其重要作用 ,用本工艺可得到均匀一致、光亮度好和色泽逼真的不锈钢色的镀层。2　实验2 .1　工艺流程碱性除油除锈电化学除油活化酸性化学镀镍碱性化学镀镍烘干2 .2　影响镀层色泽的因素影响镀层色泽因素有多种 ,其主要因素是酸性镀液组成及工艺、碱性镀液及工艺、酸性施镀时间及碱性施镀时间、绝对时间和相对时间比。2 .3　工艺条件的确定( 1 )酸性和碱性镀液组成及工艺条件的确定以次磷酸钠为还原剂的…     

氯离子在光亮镀铜中的作用及控制

Cl~-在光亮硫酸铜镀液中具有不可忽视的作用,只有适量的Cl~-才能得到全光亮的铜镀层.对一般电镀可控制在10～80ml/L,对印制电路电镀铜,必须严格控制在40～60mg/L.此外,Cl~-能够与镀液中Cu~+生成CuCl沉淀,从而减少镀层"铜粉"的产生,使镀层结晶致密、精细而不粗糙.Cl~-浓度过低(小于20mg/L),镀液的整平性能和铜镀层的光亮度下降,严重时镀层产生针孔、毛刺和"阶梯"状;而Cl~-浓度过高,磷铜阳极钝化,影响阳极正常溶解,镀层光亮度下降,且在小电流     

高强钢电镀低氢脆Zn-Ni合金工艺的研究

研究了弱酸性氯化钾-乙酸铵体系电镀Zn-Ni合金工艺,开发了适于本体系的光亮剂,深入探讨了镀液组成及工艺条件对镀层组成的影响,获得全光亮Zn-Ni合金镀层的最佳工艺.在最佳工艺条件下,镀层中镍的质量分数约为13%,主要由γ相Ni5Zn21组成.缺口试样持久拉伸试验及镀件中氢的质量分数测试表明:Zn-Ni合金镀层具有较低的氢脆性,适合于高强钢的电镀.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。