Life of nozzles in continuous steel casting

Conclusions The lining of intermediate ladles should be heated up to 1300 or 1400° in order to prevent the steel cooling excessively and in order to reduce the thermal shock experienced by refractories when the metal is being tapped.The best results in continuous pouring of boiling steel are shown by chamotte nozzles with high-alumina inserts, and these are recommended for use.In the continuous pouring of killed steel, the least filling in is observed in chamotte nozzles with zirconium inserts and with a clay-graphite layer; the clay-graphite layer, nevertheless, wears out more easily and this gives rise to an increase in the steel pouring rate.The main reason for the closure of the stoppers is the formation on the working surface of a vitreous crust containing mullite, corundum, spinel formed by the aluminum added to deoxidize the steel.     

连铸用复合式整体塞棒

整体塞棒的棒体部位以特级高铝熟料、电熔刚玉和鳞片状石墨为主原料；塞头部位以电熔刚玉、特级高铝熟料和鳞片状石墨、碳化硅为主原料。选用液体树脂为结合剂并加入适量的添加剂。该制品在８ｔ连铸中间包使用，可连浇８炉。     

Effect of argon blow through a monoblock stopper in continuous casting of steel on the service of the stopper and nonmetallic inclusions in the cast steel

Kinetic equations of the dependence of the wear of corundum-graphite monoblock stoppers in the slag line and the head on the temperature of the steel in the intermediate ladle in continuous casting are derived as a result of a full-scale experiment. The equations make it possible to calculate the casting time at any possible temperature of casting with the use of corundum-graphite monoblock stoppers of a standard composition (TU 14-8-371-81). In addition to increasing substantially the number of casting cycles in a batch, argon blow through monoblock stoppers with porous inserts improves the quality parameters of cast steel ShKh-15 with respect to segregation bands, globules, central porosity, carbide segregation, content of sulfides and oxides, and subshrinkage segregation.     

High-alumina inserts for continuous steel casting

Conclusions High-alumina inserts provide adequate service in the continuous casting of steel and killed carbon steel deoxidized by calcium silicon.In the continuous casting of transformer and killed carbon steel deoxidized by aluminum, the high-alumina inserts did not prove superior to regular chamotte nozzles. Chamotte nozzles with magnesite inserts are unsuitable for continuous steel casting.     

Steel casting nozzles with insert feeders for continuous steel casting

Conclusions The feeding devices of the design described satisfy the requirements for single-jet continuous casting of steel with high or low consumption, and also with multijet and low consumption of metal (up to 150 kg/min).In the conditions described, the most successful proved to be the inserts made from zircon.It is desirable to test feeding devices of the design described in working conditions for continuous casting with the aim of establishing the possibility of using them on a wide scale.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 31–36, January, 1966.     

Service of refractories in continuous casting of stainless steel

Conclusions Work was done on studying the service of refractories in continuous casting of stainless steel.It was established that refractories produced by domestic industry are suitable for this process and make it possible to obtain continuously cast billets in accordance with the requirements of TU 14-105-469-83. Gas protection of the stream of metal causes additional refining of the metal of nonmetallic inclusions and makes it possible to increase the quality of the cast billet.Stream treatment of the metal with inert gas makes it possible to significantly reduce encrustation of the nozzle channel with products of interaction of the molten metal with the refractory material of the ladle nozzle.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 6, pp. 52–55, June, 1985.     

Two-piece nozzle-batchers for continuous casting of electrical-engineering steel

Conclusions A design and production technology were developed for making fireclay two-piece elongated steelcasting nozzle batchers with an apparent porosity of 14–17%. The resistance of the nozzles is satisfactory and they form a satisfactory jet, despite the retarding action of the stopper plug.The nozzles are being introduced at the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Factory and their production organized at the Semiluki Refractories Factory. The use of elongated nozzles and improved insulation of the working zone in the crystallizer during the continuous casting of electrical-engineering and carbon steel permitted a substantial improvement to be made in the purity of the surface of the cast slabs and the quality of the metal, and also yielded 46,000 rubles annual savings.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 4–6, April, 1967.     

Metering component for continuous casting of aluminum-deoxided steel

Conclusions Scale growth in the channel of the metering component during the pouring of steel deoxidized by 2.2–2.5 kg/ton of aluminum is influenced by: the amount and composition of the nonmetal impurities; the material and construction of the component; and the method of supplying the metal to the ingot mold. Stable steel pouring is secured by using a fireclay (36% Al₂O₃) metering component with widened channel (depth 55 mm), and with full protection against secondary oxidation for the metal stream.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 34–37, August, 1969.     

Service of zircon nozzles for continuous steel casting

Conclusions The Chasov-yar Refractories Combine has introduced a technology developed by UNIIO for making zircon nozzles for continuous steel casting equipment. Zircon nozzles possess a high erosion resistance and give a more stable casting for killed and unkilled steels compared with other types of nozzle. Tightening of the nozzles when pouring killed steel depends on a number of factors (amount of reducing agent, casting temperature, chemical composition of the steel, refractory, etc.) and requires further study.T. M. Vysotskaya-Kvitko took part in the work.     

Refractory objects and materials for continuous steel casting

In the OAO Borovich Refractory Combine production has been assimilated for a complete set of refractories for continuous steel casting, i.e. from a pipe for protecting a stream of metal to a submerged nozzle. In technical and life characteristics the products correspond to that of world analogs, they provide accident free steel pouring, make it possible to reduce the specific consumption of refractories per ton of steel, to increase CBCM productivity, to reduce billet scrap, and to reduce steel cost. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 4–9, August 2008.