曲率光纤传感器的智能夹层系统研究

根据光纤自诊断系统模块化、集成化要求,将曲率光纤传感器以环形布置在PE膜的对称两面,研制了一种智能夹层系统,它可以同时测量结构的曲率和扭转。提出了智能夹层系统的标定方法。对埋有光纤智能夹层的玻璃纤维增强树脂基复合材料试件在CMT6305型电子万能试验机上进行了轴向拉伸、压缩试验和三点式弯曲性能试验,结果表明,智能夹层的埋入对智能结构力学性能有一定的影响,但影响不大。将光纤智能夹层埋入复合材料内部进行了结构曲率测试,在埋入过程中,光纤传感器的完好率达100%。与埋入前的标定结果相比,智能夹层在埋入后的曲率测量最大偏差为5.2%,说明光纤智能夹层可以在埋入复合材料之前进行标定。     

智能复合材料光纤传感层的研究

光纤自诊断系统是智能复合材料结构的重要组成部分。但是 ,将光纤传感器阵列埋入复合材料是实现智能复合材料的一个难题。解决这一问题的方法是将光纤传感器集成在一起形成一个模块化的便于埋入复合材料中的光纤传感层。本文探讨两种使用聚酰亚胺制作传感层的方法。一种是把光纤传感器阵列埋入聚酰亚胺薄膜中 ;另一种是用作为光学材料的含氟聚酰亚胺制作矩形 (道沟 )光波导和光传感器。后一种方法制作的传感器模块集成度高、可靠性好 ,是值得注意的发展方向。     

变体飞行器柔性复合蒙皮植入式光纤形状传感

针对变体飞行器变形机翼气动外形监测需求,提出一种植入式柔性复合蒙皮形状光纤传感方法。通过将光纤光栅传感器植入硅胶薄层,并与聚氯乙烯薄片组成复合蒙皮。建立柔性蒙皮形状传感系统,采用光纤传感解调系统,实验测得不同翼型下柔性蒙皮中光纤光栅反射谱特征及其变化规律;计算出柔性蒙皮弯曲曲率,并重建出柔性蒙皮变形三维形状;采用数字摄影测量系统完成对比测试。研究结果表明:柔性复合蒙皮变形光纤传感测量与数字摄影测试误差小于4.62%,光纤传感灵敏度达到245.5 pm/m-1。验证了植入式光纤传感方法的有效性,为变体飞行器变形机翼气动外形监测提供了参考。     

智能金属结构中FBG传感器的埋入实验

智能金属结构具有自我感知、自我诊断的能力,它可以实时监测结构内部温度、应力的变化,以便及时发现事故隐患并采取相应措施.传感器是智能金属结构中的核心元件.如何将光纤光栅传感器成功地埋入到金属材料中是智能金属结构研究中的一个首要问题.该文阐述了光纤Bragg光栅的传感机理,提出用软钎焊的方法将镀有金属保护层的光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)埋入低碳钢中,并测得埋入后FBG传感器的温度传感信号.实验证明了该方法的可行性,为实现智能金属结构奠定了基础.     

柔性复合基体光纤布拉格光栅曲率传感器

面向生物医学智能装备和软体机器人等领域柔性机构以及高端装备和重大基础设施复杂结构的曲率测量需求,提出一种高适应性柔性曲率传感器。通过将光纤布拉格光栅封装在硅胶基体中,并将硅胶基体与聚氯乙烯薄片贴合,形成基于光纤布拉格光栅的柔性硅胶曲率传感器。采用光纤传感解调系统和标准曲率标定块,实验测得光纤光栅传感器反射谱特征及其随标定块曲率变化规律,分析了光栅波长位移与曲率变化的关系以及传感器灵敏度与嵌入硅胶基体深度的关系。实验结果表明:硅胶-聚氯乙烯基体的曲率传感器可以实现曲率变化实时测量,最高灵敏度可达0.329 2 nm/m-1。随着光纤光栅嵌入深度的增加,传感器灵敏度在0.2~0.35 nm/m-1范围内逐渐增大。在多次重复测量中传感器具有较好的一致性,可用于柔性机构和复杂结构的曲率测量。     

光纤传感器在混凝土结构内应力检测中的应用

由于光纤传感器体积小，集传感与传输于一体，无电磁干扰等一系列优点，在机敏复合材料中得到广泛应用。文章提出将光纤传感器埋入混凝土结构中，实时、在线监测混凝土结构内部应力状态的变化，即一种机敏建筑结构雏型。讨论了混凝土结构中埋入光纤传感器的埋入方式，受压、受弯引起的光强输出变化与混凝土结构内部状态的关系，并对埋入光纤传感器的混凝土构件三点弯曲梁、圆柱构件进行了实验研究。实验结果表明，光纤传感器的输出变化能反映混凝土构件内部应力变化情况及裂缝的发生、发展等情况     

仿生柔性触角形状感知光纤传感方法研究

为解决智能机器人仿生柔性触角形状感知问题,研究柔性光纤传感方法。建立光纤触觉传感器三维模型,推导出柔性触角探测物体形状的曲率计算公式,建立柔性触角形状传感系统,实验研究光纤布拉格光栅作为传感元件的可行性,分析柔性仿生触角标定误差,得到仿生柔性触角弯曲导致光纤光栅中心波长漂移量与形状曲率的关系,拟合曲线与实际曲线之间的参数偏差小,验证了仿生柔性触角形状光纤传感技术可行性。研究结果表明,光纤传感方法可实现仿生柔性触角形状感知,在智能机器人领域具有应用前景。     

智能结构中光纤智能夹层系统的研究

根据光纤自诊断系统模块化、集成化要求，提出并研制了光纤智能夹层。这种智能夹层易于制作，且制作过程中光纤传感器完好率达100％，智能夹层的埋入对复合材料拉伸强度影响较小。在此基础上，对光纤智能夹层试件进行了轴向拉伸试验。试验表明，在一定应变范围内，单膜交错光纤中光强-应变之间具有良好的线性关系，可以在埋入复合材料之前进行标定。利用智能夹层内的光纤传感器网络和先进的信息处理技术，可以建立结构损伤主动、在线和实时监测系统。     

大偏移量错芯MZI实现较低温度灵敏度的曲率传感

基于光纤大偏移量错芯(large core-offset structure, LCOS)熔接形成的马赫-曾德尔干涉结构(Mach-Zehnder interferometer, MZI),设计了一种具有较低温度灵敏度的曲率传感器。该结构采用GF3光纤作为核心灵敏单元,与两段单模光纤(single mode fiber, SMF)进行LCOS熔接,通过实验对比偏移量和传感光纤长度对温度和曲率灵敏度的影响,得到最佳参数组合实现较低温度灵敏度的曲率传感。实验结果表明,偏移量为20μm、传感光纤长度为10 mm时的LCOS MZI,曲率灵敏度可以达到10.9 nm/m^-1,且温度灵敏度仅为0.9 pm/℃。该传感器具有结构简单、成本低、曲率灵敏度较高和温度灵敏度低的特点,在工程结构、健康监控与人体可穿戴设备等方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

具有嵌入式环形拓扑结构的光纤传感器网络

提出了一种基于光学低相干反射（OLCR）技术的嵌入式双环形光纤传感网络。给出了光纤传感网络结构、空分复用（SDM）原理，分析了网络中传感器的信号特性，对携带10个传感器的传感网络进行实验研究。理论和实验研究表明，通过改变环形网络中传感器的安放位置与布设数量，对网络的传感特性进行优化，可以提高传感系统的复用能力。此结构可嵌入智能结构中，用于准分布应变或温度的测量。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.