南水北调中线水源区浮游植物群落结构及其生物多样性

为探究南水北调中线水源区丹江口水库浮游植物群落结构变化及其生物多样性,于 2014—2015 年对丹江口水库进行为期 1 年的调查和分析。发现浮游植物共 8 门 76 属 101 种,其中,绿藻门、蓝藻门及硅藻门占总种数90.10%,绿藻门种类数最多（45 种）,其次是蓝藻门（26 种）和硅藻门（20 种）。浮游植物群落结构随季节变化有所不同：夏秋季节生物量明显高于冬春季节;优势种在冬季以颗粒直链藻、颗粒直链藻极狭变种、铜绿微囊藻和小环藻为主,春季以球衣藻、薄甲藻属及小环藻为主,夏季以简单颤藻、单胞衣藻原变种和球衣藻为主,秋季以类颤藻鱼腥藻、简单颤藻、球衣藻和小环藻为主。应用 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数 H′、Pielou 均匀度指数 J′、Margalef丰富度指数 Dm评价水质结果表明：丹江口水库夏秋季水体营养化程度更高。典型对应分析表明：水温、透明度、总氮、总磷等是影响浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子,夏秋季受温度影响蓝藻、绿藻数量逐渐增多,一定程度上增加了受水区生态变化风险。本研究可为南水北调中线水源区丹江口水库生态环境变化及生物迁移风险提供数据支持。     

南水北调工程征地移民验收管理制度创新

加强对南水北调工程征地移民工作质量评价和验收工作的制度化和规范化管理。提高对征地移民验收工作的管理水平,保护移民的合法权益,维护投资人的利益,山东省出台了《山东南水北调工程征地移民验收管理暂行办法》,从分级管理的角度,结合南水北调工程建设征地补偿和移民安置的特点,对征地移民验收管理制度进行创新。     

适应高质量发展的南水北调工程水资源配置思路与对策建议

南水北调工程是迄今为止我国最重要的水资源配置战略工程,已建成的东线、中线一期工程开始发挥巨大的经济、社会和生态效益。新时期国家发展战略、生态文明建设与经济社会高质量发展对南水北调工程建设与发展提出了更高要求。通过分析总结已建工程主要成效及面临的挑战,探讨适应新时期高质量发展和生态文明建设的南水北调工程水资源配置思路,并提出进一步发挥东线、中线工程生态环境效益的对策,以及西线工程调水线路论证方案建议。研究成果对南水北调工程的后续工程建设和研究有一定参考价值。     

浙江省水资源可持续利用总体思路及对策研究

分析了浙江省水资源特性和开发利用现状以及水资源开发利用中存在的问题,根据浙江省未来经济社会发展对水资源的需求分析,提出了实现全省水资源可持续利用的总体思路及对策与措施。     

合理选择泵站机组型式降低南水北调工程东线运营成本

南水北调东线工程将在未来几年内建成投入使用。如何降低运营成本,保证南水北调东线工程的持续健康地发展显得非常主要。现从机组选型方面分析,加大机组的容量和水泵的调节范围,利用电力峰谷差,优化运行方式,从而提高经济效益。为南水北调工程的建设和后期运行提供参考。     

Source Choice Perception and Sustainable Rural Water Supply Development: A Case Study of Ban Thadindam,Lopburi, Thailand

Abstract

This study seeks to examine source choice perception and sustainable rural water supply development in Ban Thadindam, a Thai village situated about 220 km north of Bangkok. It makes use of an elementary schematic matrix that was initially developed for the valuation of water sources as perceived by water users in East Africa. In applying the elementary choice scheme, the author interviewed the village Kamnan (district officer) and a few villagers. The results of this study show that a wide range of water supply sources was perceived by the Kamnan. Out of a practical range of six sources, four were perceived and accepted, roof (rain water), river, spring, and pond; and two were perceived but not accepted: well and canal. The reason why well and canal water sources were rejected was because of their hardness and turbidity. Of the four sources accepted, roof (rain water) was rated very favorably as the preferred choice while river, spring, and pond sources were judged equally favorable. Awareness of source choice and the conditions under which choice is made is crucial for the understanding and development of sustainable rural water supply. By adopting a wide combination of sources and integrating them to provide a rich water supply for treatment, and by taking advantage of filtration technology given by the Asian Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering Division, the villagers, with the help of the Project Managing Committee, transformed the demonstration filtration facility into a sustainable rural water supply system. The latter succeeded not only in providing adequate filtered water for the majority of the households in Ban Thadindam but also in satisfying the water requirements for the whole village for two decades. The success of the rural water supply system has been attributable to many factors, but most important was the awareness the villagers have in the understanding of the interrelations between landscape, range of choice and the interaction between community participation, technology, and environment.