预测瞬时值控制电力用三相有源滤波器

本论文提出三相并联型有源滤波器的两种新的控制方法，即正弦波化控制和瞬时无功功率的控制方法，它们是基于预测瞬时电流的PWM控制。利用这种控制方法，既不需要瞬时功率信息，也不需要坐标变换，能够实现电流的正弦波化并能有效地消除由负载产生的瞬时无功分量，通过这种控制能有效地简化控制电路。     

一种高性能单相电网有源滤波器的设计

设计了一种高性能的单相电网有源滤波器。该有源滤波器主功率回路采用电压源型H桥逆变器,逆变器开关驱动信号为特定消谐PWM开关信号。控制回路采用PI电压跟踪控制,不需实时检测计算负载的无功电流和高次谐波电流,就可以实现同时补偿负载无功及高次谐波电流的需求。分析了滤波器的补偿特性和各主要单元电路的设计方法,实验结果证明该有源滤波器的有效性。     

A novel robust current control approach using adaptive line enhancer for three‐phase current‐source active power filter

An effective system control method is presented for applying a three‐phase current‐source PWM converter with a deadbeat controller to active power filters (APFs). In the shunt‐type configuration, the APF is controlled such that the current drawn by the APF from the utility is equal to the current harmonics and reactive current required for the load. To attain the time‐optimal response of the APF supply current, a two‐dimensional deadbeat control scheme is applied to APF current control. Furthermore, in order to cancel both the delay in the two‐dimensional deadbeat control scheme and the delay in DSP control strategy, an Adaptive Line Enhancer (ALE) is introduced in order to predict the desired value three sampling periods ahead. ALE has another function of bringing robustness to the deadbeat control system. Due to the ALE, settling time is made short in a transient state. On the other hand, total harmonic distortion (THD) of source currents can be minimized compared to the case where ideal identification of the controlled system can be made. The experimental results obtained from the DSP‐based APF are also reported. The compensating ability of this APF is very high in accuracy and responsiveness although the modulation frequency is rather low. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 150(1): 50–61, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20014     

并联型有源电力滤波器谐波电流零逼近控制策略

给出了基于谐波电流零逼近的有源电力滤波器新型控制策略。采用检测电源电流的控制方式,构成了闭环控制系统。利用瞬时无功理论计算出电源谐波电流,并直接进行滞环比较,以控制主电路开关器件的通断,从而使电源谐波电流逼近于零,达到谐波抑制的效果。仿真结果表明,该方法可准确跟踪负载谐波电流,使电源电流趋于正弦,原理清晰,控制简单,可实现动态补偿。     

Performance parameters of a pulse-width modulation voltage source inverter with proportional-integral controller under non-ideal conditions

Compared with the traditional pulse-width modulation (PWM) or sinusoidal PWM voltage source inverters (VSIs), the proposed VSI with a proportional-integral current controller (PI VSI) offers superiority. It includes instantaneous current control and wave shaping, a fixed inverter switching frequency independent of the output frequency resulting in only known harmonics, and free-running carrier operation. An approach to modeling the proposed PI VSI is introduced, an example of the VSI power circuitry design is presented, and the PI controller design is discussed. Finally, the VSI load current is verified for harmonic contents and instantaneous current control capabilities, under normal, unbalanced, load outage and load short-circuit conditions.     

基于LCL滤波器的高稳态性能并联有源电力滤波器

并联有源电力滤波器(APF)适用于补偿电流源型谐波,通常由于谐波电流较大的变化率以及电流环的稳态误差,进行高精度补偿具有一定难度。本文采用LCL滤波器兼顾补偿电流带宽和开关纹波的滤除效果,从补偿电流变化率和滤波电容高频分流的角度详细讨论了滤波器的设计方法。同时,将重复控制直接应用于LCL滤波器的补偿电流控制,带有惯性的微分补偿器保证了控制环的稳定性和稳态精度。采用上述措施后,补偿后的电网电流在高、低频段都有较低的谐波含量。实验结果证明了本文方案的有效性。     

容量限制控制策略应用于有源滤波器的研究

为了解决非线性负载容量日益增加的问题,提出了一种能根据自身容量补偿谐波电流的有源滤波器。当检测谐波电流超出滤波器自身容量时,该滤波器可根据自身容量用优化方式输出补偿电流。这种设计使整个有源电力滤波器系统即使在过载情况下也工作得很好,解决了有源滤波器容量灵活扩充的问题。理论分析和仿真结果均证明了其有效性。     

多台并联型APF联合补偿协调控制

针对大容量有源电力滤波器(active pow er filer,APF)实际应用困难,从参考电流角度提出截断限流策略,确保多台APF联合运行的安全可行。根据APF补偿极限,提出补偿容量按比例分配的原则,达到大容量APF多补偿,小容量APF少补偿的目标。设计了由上层控制器进行协调控制的APF投切控制策略,保证能根据实际负荷谐波电流投切APF。最后,通过大量的仿真验证了截断限流补偿和补偿容量按比例分配的有效性,以及协调控制策略在多台APF联合运行中的可行性。     

有源电力滤波器谐波检测与补偿在采油平台电网的应用研究

针对采油平台电网谐波检测和补偿的不足,提出基于瞬时无功功率理论的检测方法,并对该方法进行分析。仿真和试验证明,该检测法不仅动态响应速度快,而且精度好。对于补偿控制策略,建立了并联型三相三线制有源电力滤波器的数学模型,对空间电压矢量PWM控制基本原理进行研究。仿真和样机结果表明,基于空间电压矢量PWM技术的补偿电流控制方法的补偿效果最佳。     

基于dq变换及占空比控制策略的有源电力滤波器设计

在理想或不理想的电压供应下,由于电力系统中非线性负载和无功功率补偿产生的谐波电流,提出一种设置有源电力滤波器的参考补偿注入电流控制策略。基于dq变换及占空比控制策略的有源电力滤波器能检测到谐波电流并进行补偿,Simulink仿真表明提出的控制策略能补偿谐波电流和保持电流源的正弦性。     

A new approach for three-phase loads compensation based on the instantaneous reactive power theory

The original instantaneous reactive power theory or p–q theory has been systematically used in the control of active power filters (APFs). When the APF is connected in parallel to a non-linear and unbalanced load, the p–q theory application has allowed a compensation strategy named constant power to be obtained. This means that, after the APF connection, the instantaneous power supplied by the source is constant and it has the same value as the average power consumed by the load. Nevertheless, the use of other compensation strategies is possible: unity power factor or sinusoidal and balanced supply currents, among others. This paper shows that any compensation strategy may be developed into the p–q theory frame. Besides, the paper presents a p–q theory reformulation without using mapping matrices, which makes easier the obtention of the compensation currents. Finally, an exhaustive analysis of practical cases has been carried out at simulation and experimental level through a laboratory prototype which has allowed the proposed approach to be verified.     

基于STATCOM三相不平衡负载的平衡补偿

由于单相STATCOM具有输出无功电流谐波含量低、响应速度快等优点而适用于不平衡负载的平衡化补偿。提出了采用单相STATCOM实现平衡化补偿的两种主电路结构及电压-无功综合控制方法。三相补偿电流相量采用对称分量法通过矢量变换获得，单相无功功率采用单相瞬时无功功率算法得到，单相逆变器采用特定谐波消除PWM算法(SHE-PWM)以保证输出无功电流的总谐波畸变率(THD)小于5％，同时保证直流侧电容电压的稳定。试验结果验证了STATCOM进行平衡化补偿的快速性。     

Analysis and effective controller design for the cascaded H‐bridge multilevel APF with adaptive signal processing algorithms

The cascaded H‐bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter is being recognized as the most suitable topology for high‐power medium‐voltage power quality conditioning applications. This paper presents mathematical modeling and effective controller design methodology for the CHB‐based active power filters (APFs), which achieves dynamic reactive power and harmonic compensation. The most crucial problems in CHB‐APF control are the simultaneous requirements of both accurate harmonic current compensation and the dc‐link voltage stabilization among the H‐bridges, which is the prerequisite for the stable operation of CHB‐APF. To achieve dc‐link stabilization, a novel voltage balancing algorithm is proposed by splitting the dc‐link voltage control task into two parts, namely, the average voltage control and the voltage balancing control, where the sine and cosine functions of the phase angle of the fundamental component of the grid voltage are used, respectively. To ensure accurate phase tracking, a novel phase‐locked loop (PLL) is proposed by using the adaptive linear neural network (ADALINE), where the grid voltage background distortion is also taken into account. The superior performance of the ADALINE‐PLL is validated by comparison with the existing PLLs in literatures. Furthermore, the proportional‐resonant (PR) controller is used for the reference current tracking. A separate ADALINE algorithm is applied for reference current generation (RCG) for the CHB‐APF. The excellent performance of the ADALINE‐based RCG scheme is verified by comparison with the existing RCG schemes, namely, the low‐pass filter approach and the single‐phase p ? qmethod. The experimental results on the three modules CHB‐APF are presented, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于单相STATCOM的不平衡负荷平衡化补偿的仿真研究

单相STATCOM由于具有输出无功电流谐波含量低、响应速度快等优点而适合于不平衡负荷的平衡化补偿。文中给出了采用单相STATCOM实现平衡化补偿的两种主电路结构及电压-无功综合控制方法。三相补偿电流相量采用对称分量法通过矢量变换获得，单相无功功率采用单相瞬时无功功率算法得到，单相逆变器采用特定谐波消除PWM算法(SHE-PWM)，以保证输出无功电流的谐波总畸变率小于5％，同时保证直流侧电容电压的稳定。对所给出的补偿方法进行了仿真研究，结果验证了单相STATCOM进行快速平衡化补偿的能力比较强。     

基于单周控制的三电平三相四线制有源电力滤波器

针对电力工业三相四线制系统的零线电流、谐波、无功功率和三相不平衡问题,以及高电压、大容量有源电力滤波器APF(Active Power Filter)控制方案复杂的问题,提出一种单周控制的三电平三相四线制APF,其产生的补偿电流与负载的有害电流分量大小相等、方向相反,从而使得经该APF补偿后,电源电流只含有负载电流的基波有功分量。主电路采用三相三桥臂结构的三电平二极管箝位变换器,既无需升、降压变压器,也无需动态均压电路;控制策略采用单周控制,其兼有调制和控制的双重性,控制器结构简单,具有控制精度高、补偿效果好,滤波器工作于恒定开关频率的特点,适合推广到工业应用。在建立数学模型的基础上进行了仿真研究,仿真结果证明其能有效地补偿系统谐波、零序和无功电流,从而提高输电线功率因数和传输效率。     

有源电力滤波器双开关表直接功率控制策略研究

并联有源电力滤波器的主要功能是实时补偿谐波电流,防止谐波电流流入电力系统造成污染.根据瞬时功率理论,把检测出的谐波功率直接作为参考功率信号,根据功率同开关量的关系,使用双开关表的方法完成对有功功率和无功功率的分别控制.仿真结果表明,采用这种控制策略设计出的有源电力滤波器具有良好的谐波补偿效果.     

Three-phase current-fed type converter with direct control of instantaneous current vector

A new PWM technique for the current-fed PWM converter is proposed. As the control variables, the instantaneous active and reactive powers are used instead of the line current. They are proportional to the instantaneous active and reactive current vector. The switching state of the PWM converter is given by the selection method of the appropriate current vector among the seven kinds of the current vectors with the zero current vector. The active current is controlled by the zero current vector and the reactive current depends on the kind of selected current vector. These variables basically are controlled by PWM switching from two kinds of hysteresis comparator. In addition to this, the compensation of the filter circuit can be obtained automatically by the PWM control based on the active and reactive current detected from the source current. In this paper, the principle of the PWM technique for the current-source PWM converter is proposed. Then, some simulation results are shown. After that, the feasibility of the system is verified by experimental results.     

基于d-q变换的有源滤波器并联运行分析

针对大功率的非线性负载工作时产生的谐波和无功电流,研究了采用多组有源滤波器并联运行对谐波和无功电流进行补偿的方法。采用d-q变换方法,研究了有源滤波器的电流检测和控制算法,并建立了有源滤波器的参考电流的限流算法的研究模型,提出了比例限流和门槛限流2种限制参考电流的算法。在此基础上提出了一种适合多组有源滤波器并联运行的控制策略。最后对所提出的限制参考电流和多组有源滤波器并联运行的控制策略进行了仿真,通过仿真分析可知所提出的限制参考电流的方法可以限制有源滤波器的补偿电流,从而实现多组并联运行,提高了有源滤波器的整体补偿容量。     

单周控制三电平三相四桥臂APF研究

基于多电平的有源电力滤波器能产生多阶梯、低失真的电压波形,特别适合于高压大功率场合。为此提出一种单周控制的三电平三相四桥臂有源电力滤波器,它不需要三相负载电流检测以及繁琐的无功电流和谐波电流计算,控制器结构简单,仅由几个带复位的积分器、比较器、触发器和一些线性元件组成,具有控制精度高、补偿效果好的特点。滤波器工作于恒定开关频率,比较适合于推广到工业应用。在建立数学模型的基础上进行了仿真研究,仿真结果证明其能有效地补偿系统谐波,改善电流总谐波畸变率并提高输电线功率因数。     

Control of a 3-phase 4-leg active power filter under non-ideal mains voltage condition

In this paper, instantaneous reactive power theory (IRP), also known as p–q theory based a new control algorithm is proposed for 3-phase 4-wire and 4-leg shunt active power filter (APF) to suppress harmonic currents, compensate reactive power and neutral line current and balance the load currents under unbalanced non-linear load and non-ideal mains voltage conditions. The APF is composed from 4-leg voltage source inverter (VSI) with a common DC-link capacitor and hysteresis–band PWM current controller. In order to show validity of the proposed control algorithm, compared conventional p–q and p–q–r theory, four different cases such as ideal and unbalanced and balanced-distorted and unbalanced-distorted mains voltage conditions are considered and then simulated. All simulations are performed by using Matlab-Simulink Power System Blockset. The performance of the 4-leg APF with the proposed control algorithm is found considerably effective and adequate to compensate harmonics, reactive power and neutral current and balance load currents under all non-ideal mains voltage scenarios.