合成条件对钙矾石形貌的影响

钙矾石是硫铝酸盐水泥水化的主要产物,决定着硫铝酸盐水泥的性能,而在硅酸盐水泥混凝土中影响也非常重要。钙矾石的形成条件决定了其形貌,其形成时间影响着水泥和混凝土的性能。采用化学合成方法合成钙矾石,研究了不同合成条件对钙矾石形成和形貌的影响。结果表明:不同原料合成的钙矾石形貌显著不同且长宽比差异显著;适当提高温度能够促进钙矾石的形成,80℃条件下反应可以形成钙矾石且形貌多样,100℃条件下反应钙矾石不能稳定存在;随着液相p H值的增加,钙矾石的长宽比逐渐减小;硼酸抑制钙矾石在(001)方向的生长。     

硫铝酸盐水泥净浆半浸泡在碳酸钠溶液中的破坏机理

将水灰比为0.45硫铝酸盐水泥净浆试件半浸泡在装有10%Na_2CO_3溶液中的容器中,分别在(20±2)℃,湿度(60±5)%的稳定环境中和循环变化条件下[先在(30±2)℃、湿度(80±5)%的环境保持24 h、再在(20±2)℃、湿度(60±5)%的环境保持24 h]研究其盐结晶破坏特征。结果表明:稳定环境下暴露72 d后,试件水分蒸发区表面出现了Na_2SO_4晶体,但并没有出现严重的盐结晶破坏;循环变化环境下,只经过4个循环8 d的侵蚀,试件水分蒸发区发生了严重的层状结晶破坏。其破坏机理是硫铝酸盐水泥水化产物与碳酸钠之间化学侵蚀生成物Na_2SO_4结晶破坏所致,并没有出现Na_2CO_3结晶破坏。如果胶凝材料水化产物与盐溶液之间存在化学反应,虽然环境条件满足盐结晶发生的要求,但化学侵蚀生成物结晶膨胀才是导致净浆或者混凝土试件水分蒸发区破坏的原因。     

硫铝酸盐水泥净浆半浸泡在碳酸钠溶液中的破坏机理EI北大核心CSCD

将水灰比为0.45硫铝酸盐水泥净浆试件半浸泡在装有10%Na_2CO_3溶液中的容器中,分别在(20±2)℃,湿度(60±5)%的稳定环境中和循环变化条件下[先在(30±2)℃、湿度(80±5)%的环境保持24 h、再在(20±2)℃、湿度(60±5)%的环境保持24 h]研究其盐结晶破坏特征。结果表明:稳定环境下暴露72 d后,试件水分蒸发区表面出现了Na_2SO_4晶体,但并没有出现严重的盐结晶破坏;循环变化环境下,只经过4个循环8 d的侵蚀,试件水分蒸发区发生了严重的层状结晶破坏。其破坏机理是硫铝酸盐水泥水化产物与碳酸钠之间化学侵蚀生成物Na_2SO_4结晶破坏所致,并没有出现Na_2CO_3结晶破坏。如果胶凝材料水化产物与盐溶液之间存在化学反应,虽然环境条件满足盐结晶发生的要求,但化学侵蚀生成物结晶膨胀才是导致净浆或者混凝土试件水分蒸发区破坏的原因。     

稻草纤维对硫铝酸盐水泥水化特性的影响

通过对凝结时间、电阻率和强度的测定,研究了稻草纤维对硫铝酸盐水泥水化特性和力学性能的影响。结果表明,(1)稻草纤维浸提液延长了硫铝酸盐水泥的凝结时间,但会降低硫铝酸盐水泥的强度,且随着浸提液浓度的增加,强度越低;对硫铝酸盐水泥水化产物的种类无影响。(2)用冷水、热水和氢氧化钠预处理稻草纤维,可降低稻草纤维对硫铝酸盐水泥水化的延缓作用和强度的不利影响。     

养护温度对贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥水化的影响

通过水化程度测试、抗压强度测试、XRD及SEM分析,研究了养护温度对贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥水化程度、力学性能和水化产物的组成及其结构的影响,并将实验结果与普通硅酸盐水泥的相关性能进行比较.结果表明:养护温度对贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的早期水化影响较大,适当提高养护温度对贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的早期水化具有显著的促进作用,而对后期水化影响较小.养护温度从5 ℃提高到35 ℃时,该水泥3 d水化程度由31.57%提高到62.56%,水化3 d抗压强度由28.1 MPa增强到52.7 MPa.与普通硅酸盐水泥相比,贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥早期抗压强度受养护温度的影响更大.     

工业废渣-石灰-石膏硅酸盐制品的水化产物

本文采用X射线衍射、差热分析、扫描电子显微镜和重液分离等方法,对以工业废渣(粉煤灰、自燃煤歼石、沸腾炉渣、炉渣)为主要原料,掺石灰、石膏的硅酸盐制品,在100℃蒸养和175℃蒸压条件下的水化产物作了鉴定,发现在所有上述制品中,在蒸压条件下形成的水化硅酸钙是结晶较好的托勃莫来石和结晶较差的CSH(B)同时存在的连续相;在蒸养条种下形成CSH(B)。但不论蒸压或蒸养,Al都进入水化硅酸钙的结构中,形成含Al的水化硅酸钙。水化产物的相组成,不仅与反应的温度有很大关系,而且因石灰掺量的不同而有明显差别。在一定范围内提高石灰掺量,对形成托勃莫来石(包括含Al的托勃莫来石)和水石榴石有利。水化硫铝酸钙(包括高硫型和低硫型)只在100℃蒸养条件下存在。     

用磷石膏制备贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥

本文尝试用云南当地不同企业产生磷石膏替代天然石膏作为原料,烧制贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥.研究结果表明:在烧成温度为1250℃,保温时间为150 min,外掺石膏量为12％的条件下,可以烧制得到初凝时间约30 min,终凝时间约60 min,28 d抗压强度在49 MPa左右的贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥.用磷石膏烧制成的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥与用普通石膏烧制的贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥性质几乎相同,甚至在强度发展上还要优于后者.用未经水洗处理磷石膏烧制水泥的凝结时间比用经水洗处理过磷石膏烧制的贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间都要短.     

贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的煅烧及其性能

采用正交试验方法研究了贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥熟料的煅烧条件.实验表明:该水泥熟料的最佳煅烧温度为1 350℃,保温时间为90min,冷却方式是急冷.同时发现,水泥中石膏的最佳掺量为5%(质量分数).所制备的贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的3 d和28 d抗压强度分别为26A MPa和80.4MPa,显示有良好的早期力学性能;石膏能促进该水泥的水化硬化,增加钙矾石在水化早期的形成数量,这是水泥早期强度提高的主要原因.对水泥熟料及其水化产物的组成、结构和形貌进行了分析.该水泥熟料的主要矿物组成为贝利特、阿利特和硫铝酸钡钙,主要水化产物有水化硅酸钙凝胶、钙矾石和氢氧化钙等.     

阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥的制备与性能研究

通过固定硅酸盐水泥熟料率值,改变硫铝酸锶钙矿物的含量,研究了阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥的合成与性能。利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜与能谱分析、岩相分析等测试手段分析了阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥熟料的组成和结构。结果表明,硫铝酸锶钙矿物与硅酸盐熟料矿物可以共存,其最佳引入量为6%～12%,在1350～1380℃温度范围烧成时结晶较好。在上述条件下制备的阿利特-硫铝酸锶钙水泥的ld、3d和28d抗压强度最高分别达到30.5MPa、58.4MPa和122.2MPa。     

贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的制备技术与力学性能

用正交试验法选择熟料率值和硫铝酸钡钙掺量为影响因素,研究了贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥熟料的制备技术和力学性能。研究结果表明,贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥熟料的最佳煅烧温度为1380℃,最佳组成为铝率为1.1,硅率为2.9,石灰饱和系数为0.81,硫铝酸钡钙掺量为9%。在最佳条件下制备的贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙水泥的3d和28d抗压强度分别达到20MPa和80MPa展现了良好的力学性能。利用XRD,SEM-EDS等测试手段分析了该水泥熟料的组成和结构。     

水泥窑灰-粉煤灰体系的水化与强度发展(英文)

研究了配合比与养护温度对水泥窑灰(cement kiln dust,CKD)—粉煤灰(fly ash,FA)净浆的水化与强度发展的影响。净浆采用5种不同的水泥窑灰与粉煤灰比例配制,部分试件添加硅酸盐水泥作添加剂。试件在24、38℃及50℃的条件下进行养护。采用热重分析与X射线衍射测试试件的水化产物。结果表明在50℃的养护条件下,75%CKD+25%FA与45%CKD+45%FA+10%OPC试件的28 d与56 d强度分别达到了100%OPC水泥净浆强度的70%与80%以上。CKD-FA体系中的主要结晶水化产物是钙矾石。无论CKD与FA比例多大,CKD-FA浆体中钙矾石的含量显著高于水泥净浆。CKD-FA体系中钙矾石在90d的龄期仍可保持稳定。     

Hydration of fly ash-portland cements

Hydration products of fly ash-portland cements were studied with x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as part of a continuing research effort to understand the pozzolanic activity of fly ashes. It was found that the amount of calcium hydroxide crystals in the cement pastes is diminished due to the addition of fly ash to the cement. Ettringite was produced in the early age, and the consumption of sulfate by the formation of ettringite was accelerated by the addition of fly ash. A partial conversion of ettringite to monosulfate within the first 7 days of hydration in the fly ash-portland cement pastes, but the formation of ettringite continued to form up to at least 28 days of hydration in the pastes without fly ash. Examination of the fly ash bearing pastes showed, in all cases, varying amounts of calcium hydroxide and unreacted portland cement, with minor quartz and gehlenite hydrate. It appears that hydration reactions actually occur in the fly ash cement pastes more or less on a particle-by-particle basis.     

Solubility behavior of Ca-, S-, Al-, and Si-bearing solid phases in Portland cement pore solutions as a function of hydration time

The concentrations of Ca, S, Al, Si, Na, and K in the pore solutions of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and white Portland cement (WPC) pastes were measured during the first 28 days of hydration at room temperature. Saturation indices (SI) with respect to various solid phases known to occur in cement pastes were calculated from a thermodynamic analysis of the elemental concentrations, resulting in good agreement between the two pastes. In agreement with other published work, gypsum was saturated during the first several hours of hydration and then undersaturated thereafter, while portlandite was modestly supersaturated after the first few hours. High levels of supersaturation with respect to ettringite and calcium monosulfoaluminate were calculated, particularly prior to the consumption of gypsum at around 10 h. Results are consistent with published thermodynamic studies that show calcium monosulfoaluminate is metastable with respect to ettringite under normal hydration conditions. Three different ion activity product (IAP) equations for C-S-H were applied to the data. From 10 h onward, each of the IAP values declined gradually over time and the values for the OPC and WPC pastes were in close agreement. The same IAP equations were applied to experimental data from the pure CaO-SiO₂-H₂O system, resulting in good agreement between the cement paste pore solutions and the equilibrium between portlandite and the upper, or metastable, C-S-H solubility curve.     

The formation of ettringite on aluminium surfaces

It has been shown that the reaction between aluminium powder and the aqueous phase of cement pastes is chiefly characterised by a definite inhibition period when no hydrogen evolves, followed by a slow evolution of gas. The utility of aluminium powder in reducing the early shrinkage of cement pastes depends upon this gradual reaction. The inhibition is specifically associated with the presence of ettringite on the surface of aluminium particles. It is suggested that the ettringite is formed by reaction of calcium sulphate with the hydrous oxide film on aluminium particles: termination of a period where no hydrogen is evolved, probably results from a more or less complete conversion of aluminium oxide to ettringite.     

掺煅烧石膏水泥早期水化过程的研究

利用DTA，XRD，IR测定水泥水化浆体的化学结合水和Ca(OH)2的生成量，研究了煅烧石膏，二水石膏对硅酸盐水泥早期水化过程的影响。结果表明：在水化龄期相同时，掺煅烧石膏水泥浆体中水化产物同掺二水石膏相比，Ca(OH)2生成量大；在1d前无钙钒石（AFt)生成，结合水量在1d前，前者高于后者，而1d后则相反。指出了煅烧石膏加快水泥水化产物形成的机理在于：由于它的溶解度较低，在水泥水化初期（1d前），存在于水泥中的铝酸盐相不能形成AFt，从而减缓了AFt对水泥水化的延缓作用，加速了整个熟料矿物相的水化。     

Possibilities of quantitative determination of the AFt-(ettringite) and AFm-(monosulphate) phases in hydrated cement pastes

The possibilities to determine AFt-(ettringite) and AFm-(monosulphate) in hydrated cement pastes were studied by measuring the intensities of the pertinent DTA and XRD peaks on 4 synthetic AFt preparations, 5 synthetic AFm preparations and on a series of portland cement pastes of different composition and hydration time. For AFt determination the DTA method appears to be most suitable. AFm may be determined with any method at best semiquantitatively.     

蒸汽养护条件下复合水泥胶凝材料的优化匹配

利用XRD、SEM、TG/DSC、MIP等测试方法,对常压高温蒸汽养护下矿渣和粉煤灰等不同组成的复合胶凝材料物理性能及水化特性差异进行研究.结果表明,85℃常压蒸养条件下水泥水化产物与标准养护下基本相同,但水化产物数量有大幅提高,且有少量C9S6H18和钙矾石(AFt)稳定存在.辅助胶凝材料的适宜匹配,使水泥石结构较致密,蒸养强度较高.少量硅灰的掺加,有利于优化水泥石结构,促进蒸养条件下水泥石强度发展.     

Reactions of fly ash with calcium aluminate cement and calcium sulphate

The hydration processes in the ternary system fly ash/calcium aluminate cement/calcium sulphate (FA/CAC/C$) at 20 °C were investigated; six compositions from the ternary system FA/CAC/C$ were selected for this study. The nature of the reaction products in these pastes were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). At four days reaction time, the main hydration reaction product in these pastes was ettringite and the samples with major initial CAC presented minor ettringite but calcium aluminates hydrates. The amount of ettringite developed in the systems has no direct relation with the initial components.     

不同温度下矿渣对铝酸盐水泥早期水化行为的影响

通过凝结时间、抗压强度、电阻率、浆体内部温度测试和水化产物分析,研究了20 ℃、35 ℃和50 ℃下矿渣(GGBFS)对铝酸盐水泥(CAC)早期水化行为的影响。结果表明,掺入矿渣会逐渐减小CAC 72 h的化学收缩,降低化学收缩速率峰值。20 ℃时,电阻率变化曲线出现了明显的晶相转变期,化学收缩曲线存在明显的诱导期; 35 ℃时,凝结时间延长,掺入矿渣抑制了电阻率的发展;50 ℃时,电阻率在接近24 h时显著降低,凝结时间显著缩短,掺入矿渣缓解了24 h电阻率的减小。矿渣-铝酸盐水泥体系的水化产物和抗压强度受养护温度的影响较大。20 ℃时,掺入40%(质量分数)矿渣减少了CAH₁₀的生成量,降低了硬化浆体的强度;35 ℃和50 ℃时,1 d水化产物主要为C₂AH₈和少量C₃AH₆,掺入矿渣延缓了强度的倒缩。在28 d龄期时,不同养护温度下掺入矿渣均能促进C₂ASH₈的生成。     

热活化煤矸石—水泥复合体系水化性能分析

采用比强度法对活化煤矸石的火山灰效应进行评定,通过Ca(OH)2剩余量和化学结合水量的测定,分析活化煤矸石-水泥体系的水化程度,并采用X射线衍射分析,差热分析对其水化过程进行研究。结果表明:煅烧温度为750℃,保温时间为4h的热活化煤矸石对水泥体系的火山灰贡献率较高;该体系Ca(OH)2剩余量较少,化学结合水量较多,其水化产物主要以C-S-H凝胶,Ca(OH)2和钙矾石为主。