渗铬钢的物理方法检测

用重量法测量碳钢，不锈钢的渗铬增重。应用ＳＥＭ，ＥＰＭＡ，ＡＥＳ，Ｘ射线荧光光谱，ＸＲＤ等方法对渗铬形貌，渗铬厚度，铬浓度和物相进行了分析，并进行了讨论。     

高速钢低温熔融渗硫活化促渗机理研究

为进一步探讨稀土催化低温渗硫工艺的可行性及应用价值,研究了高速钢(W6Mo5Cr4V2)表面低温熔融渗硫工艺,并分析了渗硫层的显微组织形貌及干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,只有在渗硫前对试块进行活化处理才能获得较为理想的渗硫层.并且,经过渗硫处理的W6试块在与Cr12磨环对磨时,减磨效果明显.基于活化处理对试样表面状态及渗硫效果的影响,提出了"活化促渗通道"模型.     

镁合金液相电解渗硫层的制备及性能

为提高AZ91D镁合金表面的耐蚀与耐磨性能,采用液相电解渗透技术,在硫代硫酸钠体系的电解液中,在其表面制得了一定厚度的渗硫层。采用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、X-射线衍射仪等设备研究了渗硫层的微观结构及成分,利用电化学工作站和球-块往复式摩擦试验机对其耐蚀性和耐磨性进行表征。结果表明:经过液相等离子体电解渗硫处理后的渗层中出现了MgS、Al2S3等硫化物。与基体相比,渗硫层的耐蚀性和耐磨性均得到了提高,其腐蚀电流减小了1个数量级,极化电阻增大约15倍,摩擦系数降低3~4倍左右。     

衬底及生长工艺对Hg1—xCdxTe液相外延薄膜的影响

用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）、能量散射Ｘ射线分析（ＥＤＸ）及Ｘ射线双晶摇摆曲线（ＤＣＲＣ）方法对衬底及Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ液相外延（ＬＰＥ）薄膜的生长表面进行了研究。发现采用生长前衬底表面覆盖、回熔ＬＰＥ生长措施，可以防止衬底沾污对液相外延层形貌的影响，大大改善Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ外延层的晶体质量。     

衬底及生长工艺对Hg_1－_xCd_xTe液相外延薄膜的影响

用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）、能量散射Ｘ射线分析（ＥＤＸ）及Ｘ射线双晶摇摆曲线（ＤＣＲＣ）方法对衬底及Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ液相外延（ＬＰＥ）薄膜的生长表面进行了研究。发现采用生长前衬底表面覆盖、回熔ＬＰＥ生长措施，可以防止衬底沾污对液相外延层形貌的影响，大大改善Ｈｇ１－ｘＣｄｘＴｅ外延层的晶体质量     

阴极电弧沉积多元合金膜层的织构及其形成

采用阴极电弧沉积方法，制备了与靶材成分基本相同的多元合金Ｉｎｃｏｎｅｌ６２５膜层。用ＸＲＤ，ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ研究了不同入射角下所获膜层中的织构分布及其成因。     

不同钢种离子渗硫层的抗擦伤性能研究

为改善高速钢，模具钢和45钢的抗擦伤性能，采用低温离子渗硫技术在这三种材料表面生成了FeS固体润滑渗硫层，在QP-100球盘式摩擦磨损试验机上对比研究了这三种材料渗硫层在油润滑条件下的抗擦伤及摩擦学性能。利用SEM与XRD观察分析了渗硫层截面，擦伤面形貌及表面相结构，利用AES及XPS分析了擦伤表面元素沿深度的分布及边界润滑膜化合物的价态，研究表明，渗硫后三种材料的抗擦伤及摩擦学性能都有明显改善，其中渗硫高速钢的抗擦伤性最好。其后依次为渗硫模具钢，渗硫45钢，分析认为，不同钢种渗硫层抗擦伤性能的差异主要由基体硬度，组织结构及耐蚀性三方面决定。     

聚钛硅氧烷与金属界面结合机理研究

用扫描电镜ＳＥＭ和Ｘ射线能量散布分析ＥＤＡＸ技术研究了聚钛硅氧烷（ＰＴＳ）涂层与铝基材界面,结果发现了ＰＴＳ涂层与铝界面有良好的结合,这一粘接机理可认为中铝氧化物与ＰＴＳ涂层产生化学反应,形成互渗层的结果。随热处理温度互渗层厚度增加。相反,ＰＴＳ涂层与铁基材界面无明显的化学结合随热处理温度提高,界面缺陷增加。     

稀土氧化物掺杂Li2SiO3离子导体材料的制备与电导性能

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了稀土氧化物ＲＥ２Ｏ３（ＲＥ＝Ｄｙ,Ｈｏ,Ｅｒ,Ｙ）掺杂的Ｌｉ２ＳｉＯ３离子导体材料,并用ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ及交流阻抗仪等技术对样品的结构、形貌、粒径及离子导电性等进行了观察和测试。结果发现,０．１ＲＥ２Ｏ３的掺入可提高Ｌｉ２ＳｉＯ３的离子导电性。     

关于我国瓦楞纸板与瓦楞纸箱标准的几个问题

关于我国瓦楞纸板与瓦楞纸箱标准的几个问题邓江玉，吴中复ＩＳＳＵＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＮＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＳＴＡＮＤＡＲＤＳＯＦＣＯＲＲＵＧＡＴＥＤＢＯＡＲＤＳＡＮＤＢＯＸＥＳ￥ＤｅｎｇＪｉａｎｇｙｕ；ＷｕＺｈｏｎｇｆｕＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｈｅｄｏｕｂｌｅｎａｔｉ...     

Tribological properties and mechanisms of sulfide layer prepared by glow discharge

Sulfide layers, with porous and uneven surface and formed randomly by nano-grains, were prepared on the surface of AISI 1045 steel by low-temperature ion sulfuration. The tribological properties, such as friction-reduction, wear-resistance and anti-scuffing of the sulfide layers were investigated systematically on a ball-on-disc tester of model QP-100 under oil lubrication. The results showed that the tribological properties of sulfide layers were superior to that of the unsulfurized ones. AFM and SEM+EDX were used to examine the morphologies and compositions of surface, cross-section and wear scars. XPS was utilized to detect the valence states of boundary. XRD was employed to analyze the phase structure.     

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Plasma-sprayed Nanostructured Sulfide Coating

The friction and wear properties of plasma-sprayed nanostructured FeS coating were investigated on an MHK- 500 friction and wear tester under both oil lubrication and dry friction condition. The microstructure, worn surface morphology and phase composition of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It was found that the coating was mainly composed of FeS. a small quantity of Fe1-xS and oxide were also found. The coating was formed by small particles of 50～100 nm in size The thickness of the coating is approximately 150 μm. The friction-reduction and wear-resistance properties of plasma-sprayed nanostructured FeS coating were superior to that of GCr15 steel substrate. Especially under oil lubrication condition, the friction coefficient of nanostructured FeS coating was 50% of that of GCr15 steel, the wear scar widths of the coating were also reduced to nearly 50% of that of GCr15 steel under high load. The failure of the coating was mainly attributed to plastic deformation under both oil lubrication and dry friction condition.     

溶胶-凝胶FeS涂层的表征与减摩行为研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法在45^#钢基体上制备了厚约500μm的FeS固体润滑涂层.摩擦 磨损试验结果表明,FeS固体润滑涂层具有良好的减摩效果和耐磨性能.由于涂层较厚,摩擦 行为只发生在涂层内部,很好地保护了基体不被磨损.利用XRD检验了涂层的相结构,通过 SEM+EDX观察分析了涂层在表面的磨痕形貌及能谱分布.     

Tribological properties of sulfurized-nitrided layer prepared by a two-step method

The tribological properties of nitrided layer and sulfurized-nitrided layer of AISI 4135 steel were investigated under oil lubrication, and the layers were prepared by the ion nitriding treatment and a two-step method as the ion nitriding plus sulfurizing duplex treatment, respectively. A ball-on-disc friction and wear tester was adopted to evaluate the tribological performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), scanning Auger microprobe (SAM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) were used to identify the morphologies and chemical compositions of the treated layer and the worn surface. It was presented that the sulfurized-nitrided sample with a thin FeS layer possessed much better tribological behaviors than the nitrided sample, including load carrying capacity, wear resistance, friction reduction and duration time. The mechanism was supposed that the decomposed activated S atoms of FeS layer promoted a new FeS chemical reaction film formation, which induced to the thin FeS layer playing as a solid lubricant for a longer time.     

软氮化和化学镀镍双重强化对45钢表面性能的影响

先对45钢表面分别进行化学镀和软氮化处理,然后进行软氮化后再化学镀镍磷试验.测量了3种方法强化后渗(镀)层的厚度、硬度和分别在150 N和100 N试验压力下渗(镀)层的耐磨性.结果表明,软氮化后再进行化学镀所得的渗(镀)层有较大的厚度、硬度和耐磨性,该复合强化方法是一种有效的表面强化方法,有较好的应用前景.     

Surface coating on steel by pressure friction

Abstract

A new technique of surface coating on steels by pressure friction has been developed. The result shows that the thickness of surface coating layers on SAE1045 steel depends on pressure and friction time. When the pressure is less than 10 MPa, the temperature on the friction interface is lower than the melting point of the coating alloy and no coating layer is built. If the pressure is higher than 20 MPa, the coating alloy flows off the interface, and thus the thickness of the coating layer decreases. The necessary friction time to melt the coating alloy is ~10 s. If the friction time is longer than 20 s, a similar case of high pressure takes place, i.e. the coating melt also flows off the interface.     

离子硫化层与热喷涂硫化层的摩擦学性能比较

分别采用低温离子渗硫和等离子喷涂的方法在45^#钢表面制备了硫化层。在摩擦磨损试验机上对比研究了这两种硫化层在油润滑条件下的摩擦学性能。利用XRD分析了硫化层的相结构，用SEM观察了硫化层的表面及磨面形貌并进行了能谱分析。结果表明，各硫化层的摩擦学性能明显优于原始基体表面，其中离子硫化层的减摩性和耐磨性更好，耐热喷涂硫化层的抗擦伤性更佳。造成这种差别的主要原因在于两种硫化层的成膜机理不同。     

FeCrBSi/FeS层真空辐照环境下的组织结构与摩擦学性能研究

采用超音速等离子喷涂+低温离子渗硫技术在45#钢基体上制备了FeCrBSi/FeS复合涂层,考察了该复合涂层在大气、真空、原子氧辐照、紫外线辐照后的表面形貌、磨痕形貌及元素组成。利用真空摩擦磨损试验机分别完成了干摩擦条件下四种环境中的摩擦磨损性能测试。结果表明:复合FeCrBSi/FeS层经过原子氧及紫外线辐照后,有部分元素被氧化及化合物分解的现象,但并没有发生明显的材料性能改变以及润滑涂层的破坏。与45#钢相比,四种环境下该复合涂层均具有良好的润滑减摩效果。此研究表明,复合FeCrBSi/FeS层具有一定的抗原子氧和紫外线辐照的能力。     

Friction in near-surface regions of plasma-nitrided and post-oxidized plain steel at various hydrogen contents

We investigated the low load friction behavior of plasma post-oxidized, plasma- nitrided AISI 1045 plain steel, using unidirectional sliding tests. The hydrogen content in the post-oxidation plasma was varied between 0 and 25%. The nitrided or oxidized layer thicknesses ranged from approximately 340-380 μm or 0.7-1.1 μm, respectively. The outermost iron oxide layer decreases the friction, whereas the underneath iron nitride layer increases the mechanical strength. The incorporation of hydrogen in the oxidative plasma mixture allows to control the type of iron oxide phase. It is observed that the presence of a superficial magnetite layer leads to a decrease of the friction coefficient with respect to the non-oxidized nitrided steel. The results are interpreted on the lights of crystal chemistry and with a model to explain the in-depth effects of hydrogen in the oxidative plasma.