声强技术在有氧健康机噪声源定位与识别中的应用

利用声强技术,有针对性地对有氧健康机设计声强实验,并根据实验结果,找出振动的优势频率,从而正确识别噪声源。     

基于声强法的某变速箱噪声源的识别

噪声是评价变速箱质量的一项重要指标。文中应用声强测量技术从理论上说明变速箱噪声源识别的依据。并对一台重型卡车的14档变速箱进行了振动噪声测试分析,找出了该台变速箱产生强烈冲击的主要原因是其一轴的弯曲造成的,经过采取相应的措施,最终整机噪声降低4dB(A)。     

高层供水管道系统的噪声控制研究

针对高层供水管道系统产生的噪声污染问题进行了系统的理论分析和实验研究。分析了管道系统的振动激励源及管道系统的动态特性；并根据管道系统动态特性、振动和噪声信号特点等，分析了实例中管道系统噪声产生的原因，采取了相应的改造措施，达到了降低噪声的目的。     

轨道动态特性对城轨车辆车内噪声影响分析

轮轨噪声是关于车辆-轨道耦合作用以及轮轨关系的系统性问题,综合考虑对轮轨耦合匹配、车辆安全性、车辆平稳性、环境振动、车辆振动噪声等方面的影响,钢轨粗糙度和衰减率影响噪声的重要轨道参数,钢轨粗糙度影响400～800Hz的频段,制定合理的镟修周期,定期打磨车轮和轨道可以有效降低车内噪声,打磨后可降低车内噪声2dB以上。轨道衰减率普遍超过标准限值,增加安装振动吸能结构来实现可降低车内噪声,最大降低10dB以上。通过在车轮上安装阻尼结构提高车轮整体的阻尼,实现车轮辐射噪声的有效控制。以上措施可以有效降低车内噪声,提高乘坐舒适性。     

振动流动干燥系统的噪声控制的探讨

对振动流动干燥系统进行了噪声分析，提出了控制和降低噪声的措施。     

声强法测量柴油机表面噪声及对噪声源的识别

依据声强法的测量原理,对某直列四缸柴油机进行声强测量研究,得到该发动机整机噪声分布的声强云图,确定该机的主要噪声源位置.     

往复压缩机噪声诊断及降噪研究

对全封闭往复压缩机进行了声功率、声压级、壳体振动和壳体模态试验，分析了压缩机主要振动和噪声源．确定了壳体的振动模态，指出了进一步降低压缩机噪声的途径。确定2500Hz和3150Hz的峰值噪声主要是壳体的辐射噪声，并且采取了两种降噪措施，经试验比较，降噪效果明显。     

液压系统振动与噪声的原因分析

从液压系统机械部分的连接和传动等方面分析了液压系统产生振动与噪声的原因，并有针对性地提出了有效降低液压系统振动与噪声的一些办法和措施。     

降低柴油机噪声、振动的研究

该项成果将结构模态分析、声强法、相干技术等先进的噪声、振动分析技术应用到内燃机领域,发展了能迅速、准确识别内燃机主要噪声、振动源的新技术,代替了费时费钱的传统识别技术,为内燃机噪声、振动的控制提供了方向和依据。该项研究结合6135Q型柴油机产品,对其前端盖板、缸头罩盖、侧盖板、油底壳等进行了模态分析,采用结构修改以及工作过程改进、设计新型的扭振橡胶减振器等多种措施,深入地做了降噪、减振试验研究,整机噪声降低3dB上,提高了产品质量及内燃机工业噪声振水平,具有广泛的实用价值。该项成果在。究上居国内领先。…     

摇摆机振动、噪声机理的实验分析研究

通过摇摆机振动、噪声机理的实验分析研究，找出振动和噪声谱中优势频率，并借助于模态测试与分析和传递函数矩阵测量识别系统模态参数，最终采取减振降噪措施。     

Transmission loss of a silencer using resonator arrays at high sound pressure level

Helmholtz resonator is generally used to reduce the low frequency noise. However, it has only high transmission loss in a narrow band at the resonance frequency. In order to obtain broad band transmission loss, studies of a silencer using various resonator arrays have been carried out. These previous studies have been limited to low incident sound pressure level conditions with no change of impedance with respect to pressure. In the case of high sound pressure, the resistance increases due to nonlinear behavior at the neck of a resonator. As a result, the desired noise reduction performance cannot be achieved due to the transmission loss decrease. To predict the transmission loss of a silencer using resonator arrays at high sound pressure level, impedance variation depending on the incident sound pressure level should be considered. Furthermore, resonator’s numbers and order of arrangement are significant design parameters for design of transmission loss shape.     

脉冲爆震发动机模型机噪声辐射特性初探

对脉冲爆震发动机模型机在不同爆震频率下的噪声辐射特性进行研究。通过试验测量和数据处理，发现其噪声辐射呈现间歇性和周期性的特点，主要由单极子源和四极子源组成；噪声辐射的频谱为宽频带谱，其能量主要集中在低频部分（0～5000Hz），由气流脉动的基频（即爆震频率）和谐频组成；峰值声压级与爆震频率无关，脉冲声压级、声功率级、声功率随爆震频率的提高而提高。     

近场声全息试验用于医用制氧机噪声控制

为了降低家用制氧机的运行噪声,采用了近场声全息技术进行制氧机噪声场数据采集和声场重建.根据声压频谱图、声压辐射云纹图、声速频谱图、空间声速分布图以及时间/频率/声压图谱等可视化信息,选择了针对声源、传播途径的隔声罩、涂敷阻尼胶、石膏板吸声和加装部件减振胶垫等简单有效的噪声控制措施.试验表明,近场声全息技术是一种有效地进行噪声源控制和声辐射特性研究的重要工具.     

高速铁路声屏障几何形状声学性能数值模拟

为了弄清声屏障几何形状对高速铁路户外噪声的降噪机理和降噪效果,采用二维边界元法建立高架桥铁路声屏障噪声预测模型,分析不同几何形状结构参数对降噪性能的影响。分析中考虑列车运行速度、声源分布及频谱特性对插入损失的影响,根据车外声源识别结果建立符合我国高速铁路的声源模型;考虑车体-轨道-声屏障之间的多重反射,建立边界元计算模型;对顶部倾斜、T型、多重绕射边型、Y型、圆柱型等声屏障的结构参数的影响进行调查分析,分析中分别考虑插入损失、场点频谱及声场变化规律。研究结果表明,Y型声屏障降噪效果最好,平均插入损失提高3.4 dB(A)其次为圆柱型声屏障。     

Aerodynamic noise numerical simulation and noise reduction study on automobile alternator

Aerodynamic noise is the predominant component of automobile alternator noise at high speed, which directly affects the noise characteristic and noise control of alternator. Based on Lighthill acoustic theory, the aerodynamic noise of an automobile alternator was simulated with three-dimensional, Large eddy simulation (LES) and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic model, and the aerodynamic noise reduction research was conducted through optimizing the front fan blade spacing angle of alternator with vector composition method while considering high fan flow and optimal noise frequency components for reduced harmonic rotating noise of alternator. The results show that the sound pressure amplitude of the primary aerodynamic noise components simulated with LES are in good agreement with experimental ones, and the dominant harmonic frequency components of aerodynamic noise are in the 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th and 18th orders and the A-weighted sound pressure level of one-third octave mainly concentrates in 1120-7000 Hz. The average total noise level of alternator noise is decreased by 2.58 dB, and the mass flow of monitoring surface of fan blade is increased by 1.36 g/s with 5.80 dB decrease in the sound level of the 12th and 18th harmonic orders on average with optimized front fan blade spacing angles, which verifies the effectiveness of the noise reduction method proposed in this paper.     

空调器室内机气动噪声模拟

采用数值模拟的方法对空调器室内机气动噪声进行了计算,分析了室内贯流风机蜗舌处的压力脉动,并通过Curle方程和快速傅里叶变换得到了蜗舌处旋转噪声频谱。通过对旋转噪声频谱的分析,证明了采用不等距叶轮可大大降低贯流风机基频处噪声,使基频的声能分布到较宽的频带范围内,并且可以使基频的峰值移到低频部分,从而使风机的噪声干扰能力大大降低。同时通过对各种不等距叶轮的旋转噪声频谱进行分析,提出了一种能够有效降低贯流风机旋转噪声的不等距叶轮结构。     

Analysis of the HVAC system’s sound quality using the design of experiments

Human hearing is very sensitive to sound, so a subjective index of sound quality is required. Each situation of sound evaluation is composed of Sound Quality (SQ) metrics. When substituting the level of one frequency band, we could not see the tendency of substitution at the whole frequency band during SQ evaluation. In this study, the Design of Experiments (DOE) is used to analyze noise from an automotive Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. The frequency domain is divided into 12 equal parts, and each level of the domain is given an increase or decrease due to the change in frequency band based on the “loud” and “sharp” sound of the SQ analyzed. By using DOE, the number of tests is effectively reduced by the number of experiments, and the main result is a solution at each band. SQ in terms of the “loud” and “sharp” sound at each band, the change in band (increase or decrease in sound pressure) or no change in band will have the most effect on the identifiable characteristics of SQ. This will enable us to select the objective frequency band. Through the results obtained, the physical level changes in arbitrary frequency domain sensitivity can be determined.     

An investigation of the influences of noise on EEG power bands and visual cognitive responses for human-oriented product design

Various different human-oriented approaches are required in industrial activities. Noise is one of the most widespread sources of environmental stress. So, it is important to consider noise when we design human-oriented products. This study investigates the responses of EEG and eye movement data in order to evaluate the direct effects of low, middle, and high frequency noise on the two main physiological stress aspects: the EEG band power (alpha and beta frequency bands) and pupil response time (PRT) for a human-oriented product design. Fifteen subjects were exposed to low (100 Hz), middle (1000 Hz), and high frequency (10000 Hz) noise while awake. EEG and eye movement data were collected during noise exposure. Alpha band activity in low and high frequency noise ranges was smaller than that in no sound. Alpha band activity decreased 19.3 ± 4.5 % in the low frequency noise range. Additionally, alpha band decreased 19.5 ± 5.4% in high frequency noise range. On the other hand, Beta band activity in low and high frequency noise ranges was greater than that in no sound. Beta band activity increased 26.9 ± 7.9 % in the low frequency noise range and increased 30.6 ± 6.1% in high frequency noise range. The PRT, or visual cognitive responses, in low or high frequency noise was greater than that in no sound. PRT increased 15.3 ± 3.0% in low frequency noise range. Alternatively, PRT increased 18.1 ± 3.2% in high frequency noise range. And results of EEG and eye movement were statistically significant in low and high frequency noise (r > 0.92, p < 0.05). The findings of this study indicate that the stress induced by low frequency noise is as stressful as the stress induced by high frequency noise. Additionally, utilizing eye movement data and acquiring the PRT is useful in the analysis of human stress responses during various stressful situations in addition to the analysis of human stress responses during noise exposure.     

离心泵作透平流体诱发内场噪声特性及贡献分析

对某离心泵作透平流体诱发的内场噪声特性进行数值计算和试验研究。在典型流量下,采用雷诺时均方法获取壳体壁面偶极子声源,并利用边界元方法(Boundary element method,BEM)求解出壳体偶极子源作用的流动噪声,基于有限元结合边界元的声振耦合法(Finite element method/boundary element method,FEM/BEM)计算出流体激励结构振动产生的内场流激噪声及考虑结构振动的流动噪声,分析不同性质噪声源的频谱特性,同时评估内场声源在各个频段下的贡献量。借助水听器对透平出口进行流体声学试验,获得了噪声的频谱特性。结果表明,离心泵作透平出口流体诱发噪声主要集中在中低频段,小流量工况低频噪声特性增强。壳体声源作用下考虑结构振动流动噪声的计算结果与试验结果在较大流量下吻合较好。壳体偶极子作用的流动噪声对内场噪声的贡献最大,其次是考虑结构振动的流动噪声,流激噪声对内场噪声贡献最小。结构的影响使得二阶叶频处声压增加,其余离散频率及宽频处声压均有所降低。该研究结果为低噪声叶轮机械设计提供了一定的参考。     

基于阵列测量与声功率分析的三轮摩托车整车噪声源识别

针对某型三轮摩托车加速行驶噪声超过国家标准限值,基于声波声压、阶次分析等理论,运用频谱分析、阵列声压测量以及声功率分析,对车辆主要噪声源进行了识别,确定排气系统为主要噪声源,排气消声器辐射噪声在中、低频和高频段贡献相当,将吸声材料运用到摩托车覆盖件上,进一步验证了排气消声器为主要噪声源,并取得了一定的降噪效果。