新型摆动电弧窄间隙GMAW焊缝成形研究

研究开发了一种新型摆动电弧窄间隙GMAW焊接系统,该系统通过控制电弧在窄间隙坡口内横向摆动从而增强对侧壁金属的直接热输入,改善侧壁熔合.结合试验,探讨了电弧摆动、热输入以及焊接速度对焊缝成形的影响,结果表明,采取合适的焊接工艺可以得到表面下凹、侧壁熔合良好的焊缝,同时提高了焊接效率.     

基于Fluent的熔融金属填充焊接冲蚀孔形成过程数值模拟

针对熔融金属填充焊接工艺过程中液流冲蚀形成小孔的过程进行数值模拟研究. 分析确定该过程的控制方程和边界条件,建立二维轴对称模型. 利用Fluent软件,从物理过程出发建立凝固熔化模型以及热源模型. 利用VOF模型追踪金属相与气相界面,获得液流在不同的焊接条件下,冲蚀形成小孔的过程. 并通过获得的流场,温度场分析形成不同形貌小孔的原因. 利用锡铅合金为试验材料在堆焊过程中得到的焊缝截面形貌,试验结果表明,模拟计算得到结果与试验结果基本吻合.     

Mone1400焊接工艺试验

Mone1400导热性差,易产生热裂纹.为解决这一难题,本试验使用ENiCu7焊丝、ERNiCu7焊条为填充金属,通过进行对接接头焊接、接头硬度和显微组织分析,总结出了合理的焊接顺序、焊接热输入等焊接工艺参数.     

基于VB开发的金属波纹管焊接工艺设计专家系统

通过对金属波纹管生产过程中焊接工艺设计特点的分析,总结适用于金属波纹管的常用焊接方法.基于VisualBasic6.0平台,设计并开发了"金属波纹管焊接工艺设计专家系统".着重介绍了该专家系统主要功能的设计原理、实现方法及系统数据库的结构等.用户只需通过输入准确或近似的材料名称,选择性的输入材料厚度或焊接方法,系统便能够基于专家数据库智能筛选,通过对输入参数的智能分析、判断、查询、比较与计算最终得出准确合理的焊接工艺及参数,并以焊接工艺卡片的形式显示出来供用户查阅.该系统不仅使繁琐重复的焊接工艺设计简洁化,还为制定更合理的工时定额以及改善管理提供了科学依据,实现了波纹管焊接工艺设计过程的标准化与最优化.     

Q345R钢填丝埋弧焊工艺研究

为减小Q345R钢埋弧焊焊接过程热输入,提高焊缝熔敷效率,开展了填丝埋弧焊相关工艺试验,通过分析填充丝对焊接过程的影响,明确了填充丝直径、送丝速度及填充丝燃弧丝相对位置是关键控制因素;制订了填充丝加入方案及焊接工艺措施,保证了焊接过程稳定性,并对焊缝力学性能进行了分析,取得了良好结果,为该技术应用提供了技术支持。     

9Ni钢焊接温度场的数值模拟

采用SYSWELD有限元计算软件,时9Ni钢多道多层焊的焊接温度场进行了数值模拟,并实现了焊接材料逐步填充的模拟,计算结果与试验结果非常一致.利用一次回归正交试验,研究焊接热输入和层间温度对焊接热影响区的热循环的影响.结果表明,焊后冷却时间t8/3和高温停留时间tH随着焊接热输入和层间温度的增加而增大.焊接热输入对t8/3和tH的影响较为显著,根据焊接生产实际条件,应采用小的焊接热输入.     

核电厚壁管道全位置TIG焊动态焊接变形研究

针对核电用厚壁不锈钢管道对接中的动态焊接变形问题,采用理论分析与试验测试相结合的研究方法,系统研究了厚壁不锈钢管道全位置TIG焊动态焊接变彤的规律及其影响因素.研究结果表明:轴向焊接变形和焊接坡口的填充密切相关,轴向收缩变形主要集中在前2/3坡口填充厚度.而在后1/3坡口填充厚度,轴向收缩几乎停滞,主要表现为热胀冷缩;焊接热输入是影响轴向收缩的重要因素,因此可以通过控制热输入来控制轴向收缩;采用连续焊接方式可以降低焊接收缩变形.     

焊接接头的特征区域与焊接裂缝

一、前言金属与合金的熔化焊接是简便而有效的热加工工艺之一,因而在机械制造中得到了越来越广泛地应用。众所周知,熔化焊过程实际上是小型的局部冶金过程,在焊接热源作用下使填充材料和被焊金属熔化,通过熔融金属的凝固     

多层多道埋弧焊工艺参数优化设计方法

多层多道埋弧焊应用领域广泛,但是由于焊接参数较多,焊接工艺的制定和参数优化较为困难。首先给出了底层焊(打底焊)、填充焊和盖面焊的焊接参数设定和优化的基本原则,然后设计了相应的参数设定和优化软件,对焊接电流、焊接速度、焊接电压、热输入以及焊道数等基本参数进行优化计算。对所设计的焊接参数优化系统,采用K型坡口的工件进行实验验证,实验结果和本焊接参数优化系统给出的结果符合良好。利用该系统还可以实现填充焊阶段的电流递增优化设计,在保证焊接热输入不超标的情况下,减少焊道数,提高生产效率。     

一种冷丝填充速度的GABP优化算法

冷丝填充埋弧焊过程中,冷丝填充量是决定焊缝组织和性能的主要参数.通过大量的工艺试验研究了冷丝填充量对微观组织和力学性能的影响,利用焊接电弧热平衡规律建立了冷丝填充过程热量动态分配平衡方程,推导出了计算冷丝填充速度的关系式.采用人工神经网络实现了焊接电流、电弧电压、焊接速度与冷丝填充速度的非线性映射关系.结果表明,基于遗传算法的BP神经网络(BP neural network based on genet-ic algorithm,GABP)优化算法实现了冷丝填充埋弧焊过程的自适应控制,实际焊接冷丝填充速度与期望值之间的线性相关度达到0.991 88,表明该算法可以满足冷丝填充埋弧焊工艺及性能要求.     

热输入对双光束激光焊接Ti-6Al-4V合金T型接头焊接过程、焊缝成形、组织及力学性能的影响

采用双光束同步激光填丝焊接的方法制备了Ti-6Al-4V合金T型接头,使用高速摄像机拍摄了焊接过程图像并研究了热输入对焊接过程稳定性、焊缝成形、组织及力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,热输入显著影响熔池行为和填丝焊接熔滴过渡,进而影响T型接头焊缝形貌及质量。随着热输入的增加,T型接头组织发生变化,晶粒尺寸变大。热影响区及焊缝处的马氏体使得这2个区域的显微硬度高于母材。另外,沿蒙皮方向及筋条方向的抗拉伸强度随着热输入的增加而增大。由于接头处马氏体增强作用,拉伸断裂均发生于母材处。     

铝/钢电弧辅助激光对接熔钎焊铺展特性

采用小功率TIG电弧辅助激光热源进行5A06铝合金和热镀锌ST04Z钢的预置粉末对接熔钎焊工艺试验,通过SEM,Photoshop来研究预留间隙、背面填涂钎剂、激光热输入、辅助电弧电流、热源中心间距、填加焊丝对熔钎焊接头铺展宽度的影响. 结果表明,预留小于0.5 mm的间隙与背面填涂钎剂均可增大铺展宽度;在未焊穿的前提下,随激光热输入和辅助电弧电流的增加,铺展宽度增大;随热源中心间距的增大,铺展宽度先增加后减小. 焊接熔池中填加Al-Si焊丝较未填加焊丝的铺展性更好,获得连续、美观的焊缝表面形貌.     

铝合金/镀锌钢板脉冲MIG电弧熔-钎焊接头组织与性能

采用数字化脉冲MIG焊机,以ER4043焊丝为填充材料.实现了6013-T4铝合金薄板与镀锌钢板的熔-钎焊接,研究了焊接热输入对接头组织和性能的影响,结果表明,在熔-钎焊接头熔化焊缝焊趾处存在主要由Zn-Al共晶体、富A1的α固溶体和Fe3Al组成的富Zn区:钎焊界面上的Fe-Al金属间化合物层厚度在1.05-4.50μm之间.且随焊接热输入的增加而增大.Fe-Al金属间化合物呈"锯齿"或"舌"状向焊缝内生长,主要为FeAl₂,Fe₂Al₅和Fe₄Al₁₃.随着焊接热输入的增大,熔-钎焊接头的抗拉强度先增大而后减小.在850 J/cm的热输入下达到229 MPa,拉伸后在铝合金焊接热影响区发生断裂,为塑韧性断裂;当焊接热输入较小时接头在钎焊界面断裂,属于脆性断裂.     

焊丝熔化方式对激光焊接过程的影响

研究了两种焊丝熔化方法(电弧预熔丝激光焊、激光填丝焊)激光焊接过程对匙孔稳定性以及焊缝成形的影响,进一步研究了焊丝熔化方法对焊接接头质量的影响,并对比分析了两种焊丝熔化方式对焊接速度的适应性. 结果表明,电弧预熔丝激光焊过程中,熔池表面匙孔开口尺寸变化不大,匙孔较为稳定;激光填丝焊方法由于熔化的液态金属距离匙孔边缘很近,焊接过程中熔池表面匙孔开口尺寸变化较大,而且容易出现熔池表面匙孔的闭合. 与激光填丝焊相比,电弧预熔丝激光焊熔化的焊丝端部可以沿熔池边缘流入,与匙孔边缘的距离较远,匙孔稳定性较好,焊缝气孔数量较少. 当焊接速度为8 m/min时,电弧预熔丝激光焊的焊缝成形良好;而激光填丝焊焊缝背面成形不连续,并且出现了未焊透的缺陷.     

Gas metal arc brazing of galvannealed steel sheets

An advanced gas metal arc welding technique with controlled short-circuiting mode of metal transfer and arcing at low power was employed for brazing of galvannealed steels using CuSi3 filler wire. The brazed joints showed the presence of an interface layer with Fe–Si intermetallic compounds (IMC). Increase in heat input resulted in an increase of the interface layer thickness. The maximum failure load of 2.5?kN was achieved for a heat input of 105?J?mm^?1 with the corresponding interface layer thickness of 2.7?µm. Heat inputs beyond 105?J?mm^?1 led to excessive spatter of zinc and increase in interface layer thickness with hard Si-rich IMC. In contrast, heat input values lower than 80?J?mm^?1 produced inadequate wetting of the steel surface by the molten filler wire deposit and resulted in low joint strength.     

Study on the application for electromagnetic controlled molten pool welding process in overhead and flat position welding

Abstract

In fusion welding, gravity makes a molten metal flow downward and it sometimes causes an irregular shaped weld bead and weld defects such as an undercut. To solve this problem, the authors propose a new electromagnetic controlled molten pool welding process method which controls the molten metal flow by using upward electromagnetic forces, and the applicability of this method to industry is examined. In flat position welding with excessive heat input, the molten metal tends to sag down and an undercut defect is likely to occur. It is found that the upward electromagnetic force given by adjusting the conditions of magnetic field can lift the molten metal up, resulting in the remarkably improved shape of a penetration bead. It is further found that, even in overhead position welding, a well shaped penetration bead without undercuts is obtained by adjusting the welding touch angle as well as magnetic field conditions.     

Welding Heat Input Influence on UNS S82441 Lean Duplex Stainless Steel Corrosion Resistance Assessed by Scanning Vibrating Electrode Technique (SVET)

The precipitation of the intermetallic phases can impair mechanical and corrosion properties. In the case of lean duplex stainless steels, they present solidification mode as primary ferrite, with austenite precipitation in the solid state, during cooling. This means the heat-affected zone balanced microstructure can be changed during the welding by the cooling rate, which is associated to the welding heat input, the thickness of the plate and the physical properties of the material. This work intends to present the influence of welding heat input on the corrosion resistance of UNS S82441 lean duplex stainless steel. The gas metal arc welding process was used to make the weld beads, using ER2209 as filler metal, which characterizes a dissimilar welded joint. The corrosion resistance of these specimens was analyzed through scanning vibrating electrode technique. It was observed that welding heat input variation distinctly influences corrosion in different zones of the weld beads over the specimen exposure time. The weld bead under intermediate welding heat input showed the highest corrosion rate and the one under the highest welding heat input, the lowest corrosion rate intensity.     

Application of rotating arc system to horizontal narrow gap welding

Abstract

A rotating arc system for narrow gap horizontal welding was developed for solving the problem that the molten pool sagged due to the gravity. The characteristic of the system was that the synchronous rotation of nozzle and wire was generated by eccentric sleeve driven by motor. This process not only may reduce welding effective heat input due to an increase in the welding instantaneous velocity but also may disperse arc force which could counteract the gravity of upper side of molten metal. Both the two aspects were beneficial for horizontal weld formation. Experimental results indicated that shapely horizontal joint could be obtained in appropriate rotating parameters. The asymmetry of joint formation indicated that the heat affected zone width and microstructure in upper side were larger than that in lower side. The effective heat input difference near each side caused by the instantaneous velocity difference was the main reason why the formation characteristics occurred.     

高效热丝GMAW焊接工艺熔敷速率试验分析

交流热丝GMAW工艺是一种高效焊接工艺,其主弧为传统GMAW电弧.填充焊丝和熔池及母材构成闭合回路,交流脉冲预热电流流经该回路,产生电阻热并预热填充焊丝.当被预热到高温的填充焊丝进入熔池后,在液态金属作用下迅速熔化.进行了高效热丝GMAW工艺的试验研究,找到填充焊丝预热电流、填充焊丝伸出长度、焊丝间距、主弧焊接规范等参...     

Study on weld formation in a novel rotating arc horizontal GMAW

A novel rotating arc horizontal welding process was developed for solving the sagging of the molten pool which bottlenecks the application and the development of the horizontal welding. The principle of the effect of the rotating arc on the molten pool is that the rotating arc process not only can reduce the welding heat input by prolonging the welding path in the same welding distance caused by the arc rotation, but also disperse the arc force to affect the sidewall periodically to support the molten metal near the upper sidewall. The effects of the rotating speed and arc voltage on the weld formation were studied.The results indicate that there is an appropriate range of the rotating speed and the arc voltage to obtain the defect free horizontal welding.