Subsolidus,high temperature phase relations in the systems Al2O3-Cr2O3-ZrO2, MgO-Cr2O3-ZrO2 and MgO-Al2O3-ZrO2

In the temperature range 1600 to 1900° C, the system A₂O₃-Cr₂O₃-ZrO₂ is characterized by the coexistence of ZrO₂ (unstablilized) and an (Al, Cr)₂O₃ solid solution series. In the systems MgO-Cr₂O₃-ZrO₂ and MgO-Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ a nearly stoichiometric spinel coexists with both stabilized and unstabilized ZrO₂. At temperatures above 1600°C a new ternary Mg-Al-Zr oxide becomes stable in the MgO-rich part of the MgO-Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ system.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3-Cr2O3-ZrO2 composites

Al₂O₃ is a popular ceramic and has been used widely in many applications and studied in many aspects. On the other hand, zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) is a desirable material for engineering ceramics because of its high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness. In the present research, Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃-ZrO₂ composites were produced by hot-pressing in order to harden the Al₂O₃ matrix in ZTA. Its microstructure and mechanical properties were studied by SEM, ESCA, XRD, Vickers hardness and bending strength test. It was found that addition of ZrO₂ inhibited the grain growth of Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ and the grain growth of ZrO₂ proceeded with increasing amounts of ZrO₂ in the Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃-Zr₂ composite. The formation of solid solution Al₂O₃-Cr₂O₃ was also confirmed by XRD, and monoclinic ZrO₂ increased on addition of Cr₂O₃. Maximum hardness was at Al₂O₃-10wt% Cr₂O₃ with 10 vol% ZrO₂ and a stress-induced transformation was confirmed on the fracture surface of the specimen after the bending test.     

Sc2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2陶瓷材料热物理性能

采用固相合成法制备了6.3%Sc_2O_3-1.3%Y2O3-92.4%ZrO_2(摩尔分数)陶瓷材料。分别利用X射线衍射、示差扫描量热法、高温热膨胀仪和激光导热法对陶瓷材料的物相组成、高温相稳定性、热膨胀系数和热扩散等性能进行了表征。结果表明,经1600℃烧结6h,该陶瓷材料由单一的立方相结构组成,具有良好的高温相稳定性,热导率低于传统的6~8YSZ,是一种良好的热障涂层候选材料。     

Developments in highly toughened CeO2-Y2O3-ZrO2 ceramic system

A wet-chemical approach has been applied to derive fine powders with various ceria and yttria compositions in the CeO₂-Y₂O₃ ZrO₂ ceramic system by the co-precipitation method. The characteristics of the as-derived powders have been evaluated through differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, BET surface-area analysis, and inductively coupled plasma technique. The hardness and fracture toughness of the as-sintered specimens were evaluated by the indentation method. A highly toughened ceramic withK _IC>25 MPa m^1/2 was achieved with the composition 5.5 mol% CeO₂-2 mol% YO_1.5-ZrO₂. The relationship between the mechanical properties and the compositions of stabilizers, CeO₂ and Y₂O₃ is discussed with respect to the degree of tetragonal to monoclinic transformation as well as the grain size of the as-sintered ceramics.     

Ternary eutectics in the systems FeO-UO2-ZrO2 and Fe2O3-U3O8-ZrO2

The systems FeO-UO₂-ZrO₂ (in inert atmosphere) and Fe₂O₃-U₃O₈-ZrO₂ (in air) were studied. For the FeO-UO₂-ZrO₂ system, the eutectic temperature was found to be 1310°C, with the following component concentrations (mol %): 91.8 FeO, 3.8 UO₂, and 4.4 ZrO₂. For the Fe₂O₃-U₃O₈-ZrO₂ system, the eutectic temperature was found to be 1323°C, with the following component concentrations (mol %): 67.4 FeO_1.5, 30.5 UO_2.67, and 2.1 ZrO₂. The solubility limits of iron oxides in the phases based on UO₂(ZrO₂,FeO) and UO_2.67(ZrO₂,FeO_1.5) were determined.     

用喷雾热分解法制备Gd2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2电解质材料的性能

用喷雾热分解方法制备了2 mol%Gd2O3-8YSZ的粉末,用激光粒度分析,X射线衍射(XRD),BET法和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测粉末和陶瓷体的性能和结构.结果表明,获得的粉末粒径为12.18 μm,晶粒尺寸为100 nm,比表面积为25.09 m2/g.粉末和陶瓷体材为立方结构.陶瓷体的烧结密度大于98%理论密度.在操作的温度高于600℃下的电导率达2×10-3 S/cm.证实Gd2O3-8USZ材料完全适用于作中温固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的电解质.     

Metastable phase relation and phase equilibria in the Cr2O3-Fe2O3 system

In order to ascertain the metastable phase relation in the Cr₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ system, the existing phases were investigated by X-ray analysis using samples obtained by heating the coprecipitated powders for 1 h at 600–1000°C. There was a metastable two-phase region of Cr₂O₃-rich (CC) and Fe₂O₃-rich (FC) phases below about 940°C. Equilibrium state of 1:1 composition at 600–900°C was considered to be a single phase of the corundum solid solution. The metastable two-phase CC + FC region was suggested to appear probably due to the compositional inhomogeneity in the coprecipitated powders.     

Silicon nitride-metal joints: phase equilibria in the systems Si3Ni4-Cr,Mo, W and Re

Phase diagrams in the ternaries Cr-Si-N, Mo-Si-N, W-Si-N and Re-Si-N are established. No ternary phase is found. Si₃N₄ coexist under argon at 1273 K with all binary Cr-silicides but not with chromium, with MoSi₂ and Mo₅Si₃ but not with Mo₃Si or molybdenum, with WSi₂, W₅Si₃ and tungsten, and with ReSi₂, Re₁₇Si₉ and rhenium. At 1673 K, Si₃N₄ is found in coexistence with Cr₅Si₃, MoSi₂, Mo₅Si₃, WSi₂, W₅Si₃, ReSi₂ and Re₁₇Si₉. The implications of these phase equilibria for joining silicon nitride with low thermal expansion metals are discussed.     

Sub-solidus phase equilibria in the NdF3-Nd2O3 system

The sub-solidus phase equilibria in the NdF₃-Nd₂O₃ system was investigated over the whole composition range by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) between room temperature and 1573K. The intermediate compound neodymium oxyfluoride was found to exhibit tetragonal, rhombohedral and cubic modifications. The tetragonal phase exists over 20 to 40 m% Nd₂O₃ and rhombohedral phase has a fixed composition of 50 m% Nd₂O₃. The rhombohedral phase transforms to cubic at around 826K.     

晶种对自增韧Si3N4显微结构和性能的影响

采用热压烧结－高温气压处理的方法研究了棒状β－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４晶种对Ｌａ２Ｏ３－Ｙ２Ｏ３系自增韧Ｓｉ３Ｎ４显微结构和性能的影响。结果表明,加入晶种将在组织中引入粗大柱状β－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４晶粒,分布均匀;随着晶种加入量的增加,粗大柱状β－Ｓｉ３Ｎ４晶粒数量增加,组３织明显粗化。当晶种加入量较小时（１０ｖｏｌ％）,材料具有较高的断裂韧性（￣１２ＭＰａｍ＾１／２）,同时保持较高的强度（８００￣９００ＭＰａ）,而当晶种加入量较大时,则表现为抗弯强度的明显下降。分析表明,大晶粒直径及其面积百分数是影响断裂韧性的主要因素。     

Reaction chemistry and subsolidus phase equilibria in lead-based relaxor systems: Part I Formation and stability of the perovskite and pyrochlore compounds in the system PbO-MgO-Nb2O5

The reaction chemistry involved in the synthesis of perovskite Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ [Pb₃MgNb₂O₉] was studied by the solid state reaction technique using precursor oxides as reactants. At the initial stage of the reaction process, a large fraction of PbO present in the mixtures combined with Nb₂O₅ and a small amount of MgO to form an oxygen-deficient pyrochlore phase with a composition Pb_1.714(Mg_0.286Nb_1.714)O_6.286 [Pb₆MgNb₆O₂₂]. The pyrochlore phase thus formed further reacted with the remaining PbO and MgO to yield the perovskite Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃. The pyrochlore Pb_1.714(Mg_0.286Nb_1.714)O_6.286 accomodates a small amount of PbO into its lattice and forms a narrow homogeneity range which extends from the composition Pb_1.714(Mg_0.286Nb_1.714)O_6.286 [Pb₆MgNb₆O₂₂] to a composition Pb₂(Mg_0.286Nb_1.714)O_6.571 [Pb₇MgNb₆O₂₃] with a corresponding increase in the lattice constant value from a = 10.586 to 10.601 Å. The pyrochlore phase melts incongruently at a temperature near 1230°C to yield Mg₄Nb₂O₉ and a liquid. Below this temperature, the perovskite Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ coexists with the pyrochlore solid solutions. However, the compound Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ is not compatible with Nb₂O₅ and these two phases react with one another to form the pyrochlore Pb_1.714(Mg_0.286Nb_1.714)O_6.286 and MgO.     

Diffusional cubic-to-tetragonal phase transformation and microstructural evolution in ZrO2-Y2O3 ceramics

The diffusional cubic-to-tetragonal (c-t) phase transformation and microstructural evolution were studied on ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ ceramics with 4 to 6 mol% Y₂O₃ annealed in the two phase (c + t) region for longer periods of time. It was shown that in early stages of annealing a tweed structure of t-ZrO₂ was developed. With increasing annealing time this tweed structure becomes coarser and changes into internally twinned colony structure. The colonies can grow to large sizes but their twin-spacing remains almost constant. The effect of increasing annealing temperature was shown to be more obvious than prolonging annealing time in the transition from tweed to colony structure. The mechanism of the diffusional c-t transformation was discussed.     

大尺寸La2O3-TiO2-ZrO2非晶塑性烧结行为

La₂O₃-TiO₂-ZrO₂玻璃具有很高的折射率, 在镜头材料和上转换发光基质材料等领域表现出良好的应用前景, 但其玻璃形成能力低, 通常只能采用快速冷却的方法制备, 因此难以获得大尺寸材料。为了获得大尺寸La₂O₃-TiO₂-ZrO₂玻璃, 本研究采用La₂O₃-TiO₂-ZrO₂非晶粉末为原料, 利用非晶在玻璃转变温度以上的塑性行为, 在温度动力学窗口ΔT内进行热压烧结制备了大尺寸La₂O₃-TiO₂-ZrO₂玻璃, 在保持非晶的前提下实现了La₂O₃-TiO₂-ZrO₂粉末的完全致密化。采用SEM、XRD等方法研究了样品的显微结构和相组成。研究发现, 当烧结温度高于910 ℃时, 烧结过程中会析出La₄Ti₉O₂₄晶相; 当烧结温度低于900 ℃时, 样品保持良好的非晶性, 并随着烧结温度的增加, 样品的致密度有所升高。烧结压力也会影响烧结过程, 样品的致密度随着烧结压力升高而增加。大尺寸La₂O₃-TiO₂-ZrO₂非晶材料具有很高的折射率, 在587.6 nm处折射率可达到2.33。在La₂O₃-TiO₂-ZrO₂非晶粉末烧结过程中, 塑性流动是其主要的传质机理。