含Ca及Si镁合金的显微组织及力学性能

采用光学显微镜、扫描和透射电子显微镜研究了含Ca、 Si镁合金的显微组织特征. 铸态下, 仅含Ca的镁合金主要由镁基体和晶界离异共晶组织(Mg Mg2Ca)组成; 加入约0.5%(质量分数)Si后, 晶界离异共晶组织消失, 在晶界附近及晶内形成弥散分布的细小点状(球状)、针状和粗块状CaMgSi相; 当含Si量较高(约1.0%)时, 出现中国字形(针状)的Mg2Si相. 固溶时效后, 只含Ca的镁合金中晶界处离异共晶组织消失, 代之以长大了的颗粒状Mg2Ca相; 而Mg-Ca-Si合金的固溶时效组织较铸态无明显变化. 对合金常温和高温短时拉伸性能也作了初步探讨.     

Microstructure and properties of Mg-Li-Al alloys with Mn addition

M agnesium isone ofthe lowestdensity m aterialsand has high specific strength and rigidity and has widespread application (Fig.1).Itisaclose-packed hexagonalm etaland has poorform ability.H owever,itis wellknown thataddition of lithium to m agnesium can produce workable and body-centered cubicstructurealloys [1-5].M agnesium -lithium alloysexhibittwophasestructuresbetween 5.7 % and 10.3 % by wtLicontent,consisting ofthe α-M g (hcp)and β-Li (bcc) phases at room tem perature (Fig.2). The sin…     

铸态Mg-Sn-Si-Sr合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和光学显微镜(OM)分别研究Mg-5Sn-xSi-0.5Sr(x=1,2)和Mg-5Sn-ySi-2Sr(y=1,2)合金的相组成和显微组织,采用力学性能试验机测定合金的拉伸性能。结果表明:Mg-Sn-Si-Sr系合金组织由α-Mg、MgSnSr、Mg2Sn、Mg2Si相所组成。Mg2Si相含量随Si元素的增加而增加,加入Sr元素会促进MgSnSr相的形成,抑制相界上Mg2Sn相的析出。Sn和Sr均能够细化Mg2Si相。当Sr含量由0.5%提高到2%(质量分数)后Mg2Si和Mg2Sn相均能得到显著细化,从而显著提高合金的抗拉强度与屈服强度。     

挤压态Mg-Sm-Ca合金的显微组织和力学性能

研究了挤压Mg-4.0Sm-xCa (x=0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 wt%)合金经过200 oC等温时效处理后的显微组织、时效硬化行为和力学性能。结果表明,随着Ca的添加,在镁基体中形成针/棒状的Mg2Ca相、块状和颗粒状含Ca元素的Mg41Sm5相,合金的晶粒被细化、拉伸力学性能得到显著提高。在 T5（峰值时效）态下,Mg-4.0Sm-1.0Ca合金具有最细的晶粒尺寸,其大小约为 5.1 μm。随着Ca含量的增加,针/棒状的Mg2Ca相逐渐增多,当Ca含量达到1.5 wt%时,晶界处含Ca的块状Mg41Sm5相的量明显减少。在峰值时效态下,Mg-4.0Sm-1.0Ca合金具有最大的硬度值（82 HV）以及最佳的力学性能,其抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别达到了267 MPa, 189 MPa 和 24%。合金力学性能的提高主要归因于晶粒细化、固溶强化以及Mg2Ca相和Mg41Sm5相的析出强化。     

铸态Mg-Li-Al-xSi合金微观组织和力学性能

本文通过真空熔炼炉在氩气保护下制备了Mg-9Li-3Al-xSi(x=0,0.1,0.5,1.0 wt%)合金。实验使用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),力学性能测试和X射线衍射(XRD)研究合金的微观组织和力学性能。实验结果表明：铸态Mg-9Li-3Al合金组织中主要由α-Mg、β-Li、Mg₁₇Al₁₂相组成。加入Si后,合金中出现了新相Mg₂Si,晶粒得到了明显细化;当合金中的Si含量过高时,α-Mg相粗化,且会在相界处出现块状和汉字状的Mg₂Si相。合金的强度随着Si含量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,合金的延伸率随着Si含量的增加呈现逐渐降低的趋势。当合金中Si含量为0.1%时,抗拉强度达到最大值182.5MPa,延伸率为12.1%,相比未添加Si的Mg-9Li-3Al合金,抗拉强度提高了59.6%。     

固溶态Mg-Gd-Zr合金的组织与力学性能

使用半连续铸造法制备Mg-xGd-0.6Zr(x=2,4,6,质量分数)镁合金,研究不同Gd含量对Mg-xGd-0.6Zr合金组织与力学性能的影响,优化Mg-6Gd-0.6Zr合金的固溶处理工艺.采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和显微硬度仪对合金的组织和力学性能进行表征.结果表明,随着合金中Gd含量的增加,晶粒尺寸略减小:Mg-xGd-0.6Zr合金的显微硬度与Gd的摩尔浓度呈线性关系.在铸造过程中由非平衡凝固形成的Mg2Gd和Mg3Gd在固溶处理时将转变成Mg5-05Gd平衡相;当固溶温度超过460℃时,Mg<,5.05>Gd溶解到a-Mg中.Mg-6Gd-0.6Zr合金的优化固溶处理工艺为(300℃,6 h)+(460℃,10 h).     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of NbZrTi and NbHfZrTi alloys

Two medium-entropy alloys,NbZrTi and NbHfZrTi,were prepared by arc melting.Both NbZrTi and NbHfZrTi alloys are composed of simple body-centered cubic(bcc)solid solution phase and exhibit dendritic structure.After being homogenized,both NbZrTi and NbHfZrTi alloys are still composed of the single bcc solid solution phase,but the microstructure of the two alloys transforms from the dendritic structure into the polycrystalline structure.Two alloys display significantly workhardening effect during compression at room temperature and show relatively good deformation plasticity during compressive deformation at room temperature.For NbZrTi and NbHfZrTi alloys,the dynamic recrystallized grains form along the boundary during compression at the temperatures of 1073 and 1273 K.     

挤压态Mg-6Zn-xEr合金的微观结构和力学性能

研究铸态、挤压态和挤压峰值态的Mg-6Zn-xEr合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,Er的加入可显著改善Mg-6Zn合金的力学性能,经过峰值时效后合金的力学性能得到进一步提高;挤压态Mg-6Zn-0．5Er合金经过峰值时效处理后具有最佳的拉伸强度。该合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为329MPa和183MPa,伸长率为12％。这表明添加0．5％Er可显著提高Mg-6Zn合金的时效硬化行为。挤压峰值态Mg-6Zn-0．5Er合金较好的力学性能归因于结构的细化和β1相的析出强化。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of lost foam cast 356 alloys

Microstructure and mechanical properties of lost foam cast aluminum alloys have been investigated in both primary A356(0.13% Fe) and secondary 356(0.47%). As expected, secondary 356 shows much higher content of Fe-rich intermetallic phases, and in particular the porosity in comparison with primary A356. The average area percent and size(length) of Fe-rich intermetallics change from about 0.5% and 6 μm in A356 to 2% and 25 μm in 356 alloy. The average area percent and maximum size of porosity also increase from about 0.4% and 420 μm to 1.4% and 600 μm, respectively. As a result, tensile ductility decreases about 60% and ultimate tensile strength declines about 8%. Lower fatigue strength was also experienced in the secondary 356 alloy. Low cycle fatigue(LCF) strength decreased from 187 MPa in A356 to 159 MPa in 356 and high cycle fatigue(HCF) strength also declined slightly from 68 MPa to 64 MPa.     

定向凝固TiAl-Nb合金的显微组织控制与力学性能(英文)

合金的片层组织。由于合金定向凝固过程中发生完全包晶转变,在枝晶固液生长界面条件下,即可获得片层方向与生长方向成0°或45°夹角的多孪晶合成晶体(PST)。在适当的生长条件下,当片层方向与生长方向平行的片层团在二次定向凝固过程中发生籽晶作用时,可以控制PST晶体内部的片层方向仅与生长方向平行。合金中低含量B的加入会导致非包晶α相的生长,从而不利于控制片层方向。定向凝固TiAl-Nb合金中存在较大的氧化钇颗粒与条状硼化物颗粒,导致其室温拉伸延伸率仅接近2%。     

多相V-Ti-Ni氢分离合金显微组织与力学性能

研究了多相V_(100-2x)-Ti_x-Ni_x(x=10,15,20)系列氢分离合金的显微组织、硬度和拉伸性能。V_(100-2x)-Ti_x-Ni_x合金铸锭显微组织均由枝晶相V基固溶体和枝晶间相NiTi和NiTi_2组成。随着合金中Ti和Ni的含量增加,枝晶间相在合金中体积占比增大,形成连续网状,阻止枝晶臂的连接。在室温下,合金整体硬度、抗拉强度、延伸率和断面收缩率均随Ti、Ni含量增加而升高。V基固溶体和NiTi_2相是影响3种合金的整体硬度的主要因素。3种合金在室温下均属于脆性材料。合金中NiTi相含量对合金的延伸率有较大影响。     

Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of NbMoTiVWSix refractory high-entropy alloys

Refractory high-entropy alloys are considered as potential structural materials for elevated temperature applications. To obtain refractory high-entropy alloys with high strength, different amounts of Si were added into the NbMoTiVW refractory high-entropy alloys. The effects of Si on the phase constitution, microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of NbMoTiVWSi_x alloys were investigated. Results show that when the addition of Si is 0, 0.025 and 0.05 (molar ratio), the alloys are consisted of primary BCC and secondary BCC in the intergranular area. When the addition of Si is increased to 0.075 and 0.1, eutectic structure including silicide phase and secondary BCC phase is formed. The primary BCC phase shows dendritic morphology, and is refined by adding Si. The volume fraction of intergranular area is increased from 12.22% to 18.13% when the addition of Si increases from 0 to 0.1. The ultimate compressive strength of the NbMoTiVW alloy is improved from 2,242 MPa to 2,532 MPa. Its yield strength is also improved by the addition of Si, and the yield strength of NbMoTiVWSi_0.1 reaches maximum of 2,298 MPa. However, the fracture strain of the alloy is decreased from 15.31% to 12.02%. The fracture mechanism of the alloys is changed from mixed fracture of ductile and quasi-cleavage to cleavage fracture with increasing of Si. The strengthening of alloys is attributed to the refinement of primary BCC phase, volume fraction increment of secondary BCC phase, and formation of eutectic structure by addition of Si.

     

轻质MgAlSnZnCu高熵合金的微观组织和力学性能

为了提高阻隔层的稳定性,研究采用电磁感应加热方法,在覆盖剂和氩气保护作用下制备MgAlSnZnCu系列轻质高熵合金。使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDS)对合金的铸造组织、退火组织和物相进行了表征和分析,同时采用显微硬度测试方法对其硬度进行了研究。结果表明,铸态MgAlSnZnCu合金组织由(AlMgZnCu)-FCC相和Mg₂Sn相组成,Mg₂Sn相的形态为2~6 μm粒状和不规则块状。Mg的含量由22%降低到12%,其合金的硬度由277 HV0.2增加到326 HV0.2,抗压强度由223 MPa增加到237 MPa。Sn和Zn含量降低后组织中出现了针状和片状的杂质相,且硬度值分散度较大,在450 ℃保温6 h的退火工艺条件下,组织中的杂质相出现明显的积聚长大的趋势。力学性能测试显示退火对抗压强度和硬度的影响不大,MgAlSnZnCu系列合金在450 ℃的条件下能保持较好的热稳定性。     

喷射成形7055铝合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用全自动控制往复喷射成形工艺制备了7055铝合金的大规格喷射成形锭坯.通过显微组织分析和力学性能测试,研究工业规格喷射成形7055铝合金的初始组织、挤压工艺及热处理制度对显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,喷射成形7055铝合金锭坯规格可达d 260 mm×1600 mm,晶粒为等轴状,粒度宏观均匀,主要在20～30 μm,组织无明显宏观偏析,锭坯致密度达到98.2 %.喷射成形态材料的T6态σb为500～543 MPa,显示控制往复喷射成形铝合金锭坯冶金质量优越.喷射成形锭坯经过小挤压比变形后达到全致密,大规格产品的T6态纵向σb提高到745 MPa,δ为12.8 %.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of orthorhombic alloys in the Ti---Al---Nb system

The current understanding of the metallurgy of the orthorhombic alloys in the Ti---Al---Nb system is reviewed with emphasis on tensile and creep properties of ternary alloys. It is shown that increasing the Nb content of alloys from 15 to 27 at% at a constant Al level significantly increases both the tensile and creep properties of equiaxed as well as lath structures, while small changes in Al content have a large effect on creep. For a given alloy composition, the amount of B2(β) phase and its distribution and the scale of O laths influences tensile properties, while creep properties depend on the volume fraction of equiaxed ₂/O phase present in the structure as well as the size of O laths.     

2205双相不锈钢搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能

采用不同搅拌头转速,研究了搅拌头转速对4 mm厚2205双相不锈钢板材搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响. 结果表明,当焊接速度为50 mm/min时,搅拌头转速在600 ~ 800 r/min的范围内,均可获得表面成形良好且内部无缺陷的接头.接头搅拌区在动态再结晶的作用下组织得到细化,硬度值较高,热影响区在焊接热作用下组织粗化,硬度值较低.整个接头的铁素体含量在50% ~ 60%范围内,且随着转速的升高搅拌区的铁素体含量有所增加. 当转速为600 r/min时,接头的抗拉强度达到最大824 MPa,为母材的97.3%,断裂位置为接头的热影响区.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-xLi-3Al-1 Ce alloys

Several Mg-xLi-3Al-lCe alloys were prepared by vacuum induction heating. These alloys are Mg-5Li-3Al-lCe, Mg-8Li-3Al-lCe and Mg-14Li-3Al-1C e, respectively. The microstructure and phase composition of these alloys were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The mechanical properties of these alloys were measured with tensile tester. The results show that, Mg-5Li-3Al-1Ce has a single phase （α） structure, Mg-8Li-3Al-lCe has a double phases （α＋β） structure, Mg-14Li-3Al-1Ce has a single phase （β） structure. And some compounds distribute in the matrix. After being rolled, the grain size of all the alloys is refined. Under the condition of the same content of other alloying elements, the mechanical properties of Mg-5Li-3Al-1Ce are relatively high. With increasing Li content, the strength of both as-cast and as-rolled alloy decrease. For the as-cast alloys, with increasing Li content, the elongation increases. While for the as-rolled alloys, with increasing Li content, the elongation decreases. Ce has refining effect on these alloys.     

Mg-5Al-1Sr-2Ca-xY合金组织及力学性能

制备了不同Y含量的Mg-5Al-1Sr-2Ca-xY(x=0,1,2,5)合金试样,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、材料试验机等观察测试合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,未添加Y时,合金晶粒大小不均匀,且多呈柱状,晶内有较多的点状化合物;Y含量1%时,晶粒细化、球化且大小较均匀;Y含量2%时,晶粒趋于柱状;Y含量5%时,晶粒形状不规则、大小极不均匀。随Y含量的增加,室温和高温力学性能呈先升后降趋势,最高点为Y含量1%,其室温和高温抗拉强度分别较无Y合金提高了约33.8%和25.4%。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of MoSi2/TaSi2 two-phase alloys

Effects of pre-strain on the compressive mechanical behavior were investigated on the alloys with an aligned lamellar microstructure consisting of C11_b MoSi₂ and C40 TaSi₂ prepared through optical floating zone (OFZ) method and annealing in the two-phase MoSi₂/TaSi₂ region. Single crystals of C40 TaSi₂ were successfully grown at solidification rate of 5 or 10 mm/h, and well-aligned lamellar microstructure can be achieved by selecting an MoSi₂–17 mol% TaSi₂ alloy. Firstly, compression tests were conducted to examine the effect of the angle ϕ between the aligned lamellae and the loading axis on strength and ductility. Results indicate that ϕ = 0, lamellae parallel to the axis, is a hard-orientation and ϕ = 54 and 40 (identically 45) are soft orientations. The alloy with ϕ = 0 shows higher strength but lower ductility than those with ϕ = 54 and 40 where ductility is evaluated in terms of brittle-to-ductile transition temperature (BDTT). Then effects of pre-straining at 1773 K on the mechanical behavior at 1573 K were investigated using soft-oriented lamellar alloys with ϕ = 40 whose BDTT is determined at least lower than 1673 K. Pre-straining to a few to several percent at 1773 K improves ductility of the alloy at 1573 K and also raises 0.2% flow stress, compared with the absence of the pre-strain. We believe that dislocations can be generated and stored in the alloy at 1773 K, and these dislocations are mobile even at 1573 K, although the analyses of operative slip systems and characteristics of dislocations remain as future works.     

循环闭式模锻制备Mg-Si合金的组织和力学性能(英文)

首先制备Mg-xSi(x=0,1.5,3.3)合金,再采用一种新的大塑性变形方法——循环闭式模锻(CCDF)在450°C进行1、3和5道次加工。通过循环闭式模锻,粗大的Mg2Si颗粒被破碎成小块并且分布更加均匀,材料的拉伸强度、伸长率和硬度得到了提高。经5道次加工后Mg-1.5%Si合金的强度和伸长率同时得到提高,拉伸强度达142 MPa,伸长率为8%。采用干滑动摩擦进一步表征材料性能。结果表明,随着Si含量和加工道次的增加,材料的耐磨性能得到了提高,加工1道次后显著提高,再继续增加道次时提高不明显。经5道次加工后,Mg-3.3%Si合金的耐磨性比纯镁的高38%。根据Archard方程和摩擦效果,耐磨性的提高归结于组织的细化和均匀化。