宝钢2号高炉钛球护炉生产实践

分析了钛球护炉对高炉生产各种参数的影响。钛矿护炉期间,渣铁含钛量上升,增加了铁水粘度,减小了渣铁对炉缸的机械冲刷;燃料比上升了6.7kg/t;炉缸热负荷稳步下降,有效地保护了炉缸;由于渣铁含钛量增加,粘度增加,使平均每炉出铁时间延长了约18min;侧壁温度明显下降。钛球护炉成效显著。     

Thermo-analytical study on stainless steelmaking dust

1　INTRODUCTIONStainlesssteelmakingdustisaby productwastegeneratedfromsteelmakingindustry .Itcontainssig nificantamountsofiron ,lead ,nickel,chromium ,etc .Heavymetalmaybeleachedintotheenviron mentbyrainorundergroundwater ,soitisclassifiedashazardouswastesandbannedbeingdisposedinreg ularlandfill[1] .Thevaluablemetalsinthedustcanberecoveredinthewayofdirectrecycling[2 6 ] andtheworthlessdustshouldbetreatedinthewayofvitrifi cation[7] .But,itisnecessarytocommandthether malbehaviorofthedustbe…     

Microwave absorbing properties of high titanium slag

Microwave absorbing properties of high titanium slag were investigated by using microwave cavity perturbation technique. High titanium slag containing more than 90% TiO₂ was prepared by carbothermal reduction of ilmenite. The temperature rise curve of high titanium slag in microwave heating process was obtained. Crystalline compounds of high titanium slag before and after microwave irradiation were obtained and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Effects of particle size of high titanium slag and mixtures of high titanium slag with different mass fractions of V₂O₅ on microwave absorbing properties were investigated systematically. The results show that high titanium slag has good microwave absorption property; untreated high titanium slag mainly consists of crystalline compounds of anatase and iron titanium oxide, while the microwave-irradiation treated one is mainly composed of crystalline compounds of rutile and iron titanium oxide. Synthetic anatase is transformed completely into rutile at about 1 050 °C for 20 min under microwave irradiation. High frequency shift and low amplitude of voltage make high titanium slag an ideal microwave absorbent. 180 μm of particle size and 10% mass fraction of V₂O₅ are found to be the optimum conditions for microwave absorption. Foundation item: Project(2007CB613606) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(50734007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Preparation of Plate Fe60 Co8 Zr10 Mo5 W2 B15 Bulk Amorphous Alloy and Its Fracture Toughness

With processes of arc melting, inductive melting and copper mold suction casting, a plate Febased bulk amorphous alloy Fe₆₀Co₈Zr₁₀Mo₅W₂B₁₅ with a thickness of 1 mm was prepared. The surfaces and fractures of the cast bulk amorphous alloy were aglean and with typical metallic luster. The glass transition temperature (T_g), supercooled liquid region (δT_x) and reduced glass transition temperature (T_g) of prepared Fe-based amorphous alloy are 884 K, 63 K, and 0.611 respectively. The fracture toughness of the cast bulk amorphous alloy is at the level of 1.6 MPa·m^1/2. Funded by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50431030) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2001053)     

Thermodynamic calculation on the smelting slag of direct recycling of electric arc furnace stainless steelmaking dust

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＥｌｅｃｔｒｉｃａｒｃｆｕｒｎａｃｅ (ＥＡＦ)ｄｕｓｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄａｓａｈａｚａｒｄｏｕｓｗａｓｔｅｄｕｅｔｏｉｔｓｈｉｇｈｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｓｏｍｅｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｌｅａｃｈａｂｉｌｉｔｉｅｓｓｕｃｈａｓｚｉｎｃ ,ｌｅａｄ ,ｃａｄｍｉｕｍａｎｄｃｈｒｏｍｉｕｍ ,ｓｏｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｂａｎｎｅｄｆｒｏｍｌａｎｄｆｉｌｌｓｉｎｍａｎｙｃｏｕｎ ｔｒｉｅｓ .Ａｎｅｓｔｉｍａｔｅｄ 1 % 2 %ｍａｓｓｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｃｒａｐｃｈａｒｇｅｄ…     

微波加热含锌粉尘的物相形貌特征及还原过程研究

含锌粉尘和煤粉按质量比4∶1混合形成混合粉.采用化学分析和扫描电镜对混合粉的成分和物相进行分析,研究大气常压下微波加热还原混合粉在不同时间下的显微物相形貌特征以及混合粉的还原过程.结果表明:微波加热7 main时,混合粉物相中出现金属铁相、浮氏体相和渣相;随时间的延长,金属铁相逐渐增大、浮氏体相逐渐减小、渣中的锌含量逐...     

Effect of metallic content on mechanical property of Ni/（10NiO-NiFe2O4 ） cermets

1 INTRODUCTIONThe use of inert or non-consumable anodes forreplacement of consumable carbon anodes in Hall-H啨roult electrolysis cells for the production of alu-minum has been a technical and commercial goalfor many decades .In the present process ,consumable carbon an-odes are used,andthe anode product is CO2. Withaninert anode ,the cell reaction will be :Al2O3=2Al +23O2(1)The basic requirements for aninert anode are :1) to exhibit a lowcorrosion rate in the high tem-perature melts an…     

不锈钢粉尘内配煤团块高温自还原过程中金属铁的聚集

用不锈钢生产中的高碱度二次粉尘制备内配煤团块,在高温下自还原获得含铬、镍的金属铁粒.研究影响铁粒聚集长大的因素.研究表明：（1）内配煤团块的渣相碱度（w（CaO）/w（SiO2））小于2.8时,还原产物冷却过程中渣相与金属铁粒才能自然分离.碱度越低,渣量越大,越不利于金属铁聚集长大;（2）提高内配碳比,渣相残碳量明显升高,渣中过量的碳阻碍金属相聚集长大;（3）提高还原温度,直接还原铁的海绵状结构解体,逐渐聚集成颗粒状金属铁.还原温度越高,越有利于金属铁的聚集长大     

Thermal cracking of aviation kerosene for scramjet applications

Thermal cracking of China No.3 aviation kerosene was studied experimentally and analytically under supercritical conditions relevant to regenerative cooling system for Mach-6 scramjet applications. A two-stage heated tube system with cracked products collection/analysis was used and it can achieve a fuel temperature range of 700–1100 K, a pressure range of 3.5–4.5 MPa and a residence time of approximately 0.5–1.3 s. Compositions of the cracked gaseous products and mass flow rate of the kerosene flow at varied temperatures and pressures were obtained experimentally. A one-step lumped model was developed with the cracked mixtures grouped into three categories: unreacted kerosene, gaseous products and residuals including liquid products and carbon deposits. Based on the model, fuel conversion on the mass basis, the reaction rate and the residence time were estimated as functions of temperature. Meanwhile, a sonic nozzle was used for the control of the mass flow rate of the cracked kerosene, and correlation of the mass flow rate gives a good agreement with the measurements. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10672169 and 10742003)     

ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti的熔炼工艺探索

在100 kg中频快速熔炼炉中,为了减少ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti因熔炼原因造成的夹渣和气孔缺陷,在熔炼操作工艺上,改变了金属钛的加入方法,将传统的一次终脱氧改为两次,严格控制金属钛的加入时机和加入温度,控制金属钛加入后至钢水浇铸完成的时间,按照＂高温出炉、低温浇铸＂的原则,根据产品结构,配合适当的壳模焙烧温度和壳模出炉时间,生产出了外观质量较高的ZG1Cr18Ni9Ti硅溶胶熔模精密铸造零件.     

The Bonding Properties of Solid Steel to Liquid Aluminum

The bonding of solid steel plate to liquid aluminum was studied using rapid solidification. The relationship models of interfacial shear strength and thickness of interfacial layer of bonding plate vs bonding parameters ( such as preheat temperature of steel plate, temperature of aluminum liquid and bonding time ) were respectively established by artificial neural networks perfectly. The bonding parameters for the largest interfacial shear strength were optimized with genetic algorithm successfully. They are 226℃ for preheating temperature of steel plate, 723℃ for temperature of aluminum liquid and 15.8s for bonding time, and the largest interfacial shear strength of bonding plate is 71.6MPa. Under these conditions, the corresponding reasonable thickness of interfacial layer (10.8μm) is gotten using the relationship model established by artificial neural networks.     

Kinetics of nickel leaching from roasting-dissolving residue of spent catalyst with sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid leaching process was applied to extract nickel from roasting-dissolving residue of a spent catalyst, the effect of different parameters on nickel extraction was investigated by leaching experiments, and the leaching kinetics of nickel was analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the effects of particle size and sulfuric acid concentration on the nickel extraction are remarkable; the effect of reaction temperature is mild; while the effect of stirring speed in the range of 400–1 200 r/min is negligible. Decreasing particle size or increasing sulfuric acid concentration and reaction temperature, the nickel extraction efficiency is improved. 93.5% of nickel in residue is extracted under suitable leaching conditions, including particle size (0.074–0.100) mm, sulfuric acid concentration 30% (mass fraction), temperature 80 °C, reaction time 180 min, mass ratio of liquid to solid 10 and stirring speed 800 r/min. The leaching kinetics analyses shows that the reaction rate of leaching process is controlled by diffusion through the product layer, and the calculated activation energy of 15.8 kJ/mol is characteristic for a diffusion controlled process. Foundation item: Project (50574101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (2003UDBEA00C020) supported by the Collaborative Project of School and Province of Yunnan Province, China     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In-situ</Emphasis> growth and photoluminescence of β-Ga<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> cone-like nanowires on the surface of Ga substrates

β-Ga₂O₃ cone-like nanowires have been in-situ grown on the surface of gallium grains and films by heating gallium substrates at 750–1000°C for 2 h in air. The controllable synthesis of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires with different diameters and lengths was achieved by adjusting the heating temperature and time. The as-synthesized products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires are single crystalline with a monoclinic structure and have a controllable diameter and length in the range of 30–100 nm and 0.5–1.5 μm, respectively. A possible mechanism was also proposed to account for the formation of β-Ga₂O₃ cone-like nanowires. Photoluminescence spectra of the β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires obtained at different temperatures were measured at room temperature, and a strong blue photoluminescence with peaks at 430 and 460 nm and a weak red photoluminescence with peak at 713 nm were observed. The blue light emission intensity decreases with increasing the reaction temperature, however, the red light emission intensity hardly changes. The blue and red light emissions originate from the recombination of an electron on an oxygen vacancy with a hole on a gallium-oxygen vacancy pair and the nitrogen dopants, etc., respectively. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20573072) and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20060718010)     

Long-term Performance of Moderate Heat Portland Cement with Double-expansive Sources

The long-term performance of moderate heat Portland cement with double-expansive sources （DE cement） in the system of high MgO clinker and gypsum was studied by XRD, SEM/EDAX and test methods for strength and expansion of cement. Results indicate that the periclase particle, whose size was 5-7.5μm in DE cement clinker containing 4.8 % MgO, existed individually. The periclase hydration in hardened DE cement paste started at about 60 days and completed up to 2 000 days, and ettringite in the paste was stable from 3 days to 2 000 days. Under the conditions of 4.5%-5.0 % MgO in clinker and 2.8%-3.4 %SO3 in cement, ettringite expansion and brucite expansion in DE cement paste had a continuity, entirety and stability. At the ages of 90, 365,730 and 2 000 days the expansion of the paste reached 0.07%-0.11%, 0.16%-0.21%, 0.21%-0.27 %, and 0.29%-0.38%, respectively. The results suggest that by using this cement in mass concrete it may compensate its temperature shrinkage and autogenous shrinkage to some extent.     

A study on the bonding structure of CaO−SiO2 slag by means of molecular dynamics simulation

The investigation results of the bonding structure of CaO−SiO₂ slag by means of molecular dynamics simulation are presented. The characteristics of partial radial distribution functiong _ij(r) are in good agreement with the measurement of X-ray diffraction, and the variation ofQ _n with different SiO₄ tetrahedra following the change ofX _CaO is consistent with the results of Raman spectroscopy. The partial vibrational density of states Γ_Si(ω) shows that two bands appear in the range of 636–737 cm⁻¹ and 800–1200 cm⁻¹ respectively which are also consistent with Raman spectroscopy. Project supported by Shanghai Natural Science Foundation.     

Experimental Crystallization of Synthetic V-bearing Steelmaking Slag with Al2O3 Doped

The phenomenon of crystallization was implemented in the synthetic V-bearing steelwork slag based on the composition of factory slag from the Masted Co., and the possibility of undercooling as a technique to precipitate V-concentration phase was demonstrated. The effect of 20wt% Al2O3 additive introduced into the slag on intensifing the precipitation was also investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis ( XRD ) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to investigate the slag after heat treatment. It is demonstrated that gehleaite and grossite are the major crystalline phases. Whitlockite with a high content of V2O5 ( called V-concentration phase hereafter) nucleates homogeneously and hetergeneously and grows with decreasing undercooling. At 1548 K, the crystals of V-concentration phase grow up as the duration of time, with a medium grain size of 25μm at 300 rain holding time.     

Interfacial microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)/Ni bonded by transient liquid-phase diffusion

Effects of the main process parameters(temperature and time) on microstructure and properties of Ti(C, N)/Ni interface bonded by (Cu+Nb) interlayer in a vacuum diffusion bonding device were investigated. The interfacial microstructures consisted initially of Ni₃Nb metallic compound and eutectic of Ni₃Nb+CuNi_SS, and finally transformed to (Ti, Nb) (C, N)+Ni₃Nb near Ti (C, N) and NiCu_SS+Ni₃Nb near Ni when diffusion bonding temperature was 1 523–1 573 K. It was clear that Cu was a constituent in the transient liquid phase (TLP) into which Ni was dissolved by forming Cu-Ni transition liquid. Nb was dissolved in Cu-Ni transition liquid rapidly. Ti (C, N) conld be wetted by resultant Ni-Nb-Cu transient liquid phase which was followed by a little (Ti, Nb) (C, N) solid solution formed at interface. This increased the interface combining capability. Ultimately the interface shear strength was able to reach 140 MPa. The theoretle analysis and experimental results show that the growth of interfacial reaction layer Ni₃Nb accords with parabola law, and the activation energy of diffusion reaction is 115.0±0.5 kJ/mol, while the diffusion reaction speed constant is 12.53 mm/s^1/2. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50074017/E0408)     

Thermodynamics calculation on the oxidation and sulfur removal abilities of slag in EAF dust pellet reduction process

ＥＡＦｄｕｓｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄａｓｈａｚａｒｄｏｕｓｗａｓｔｅ ,ａｎｄｉｔｉｓｈａｒｍｆｕｌｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｌａｎｄ ｆａｌｌｄｕｅｔｏｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓ[1] .Ｍｏｓｔｒｅｃｙ ｃｌｉｎｇｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ[2 8] ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｄｕｓｔｓａｒｅｏｎｌｙｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆｌｅａｄ ,ｚｉｎｃａｎｄｃａｄｍｉｕｍ .ＴｈｅＥＡＦｄｕｓｔｆｒｏｍｓｔａｉｎｌｅｓｓｓｔｅｅｌｍａｋｉｎｇｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｎ ｔａｉｎｓｎｉｃｋｅ…     

Effect of Electron Beam on the Structure and Crystallization Features of BaO-SrO-TiO2-SiO2 Glass

Glasses of BaO-SrO-TiO2-SiO2 after electronic radiation treatment of 50-1000 kgy were studied by means of IR spectra, DTA and visible light absorption method. The result shows that the glass structure is changed due to the formation of structue defect from oxygen vacancy and E‘color center, which resultsd in the crystallization process and new precursors, and decreasement of Tg temperature and crystallization peaks by 20 -50℃.     

Screening, identification and desilication of a silicate bacterium

The strain Lv（1- z） isolated from the Henan bauxite was characterized by morphological observation, biochemical and physiological identification, and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The influences of temperature, initial pH value, the volume of medium, shaking speed and illite concentration on the desilicating ability of the strain Lv（1- z） were investigated. The results show that the bacterium is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with oval endspores and thick capsule, but without flagellum. The biochemical and physiological tests indicate that the strain Lv（1- z） is similar to Bacillus rnucilaginosus. In GenBank the 16S rDNA sequence similarity of the strain Lv（1- z） and the B. rnucilaginosus YNUCC0001（AY571332） is more than 99%. Based on the above results, the strain Lv（1- z） is identified as B. rnucilaginosus. The optimum conditions for the strain L（1- z） to remove silicon from illite are as follows., temperature is 30℃ ;initial pH value is 7.5; medium volume in 200 mL bottle is 60 mL; shaking speed of rotary shaker is 220 r/m ; illite concentration is 1%.