Design, fabrication and performance of a ferrocement machine tool bed

In this project the use of ferrocement as a machine tool structural material is investigated. Ferrocement is a form of reinforced concrete but it utilises closely spaced layers of wire mesh instead of heavy steel rods. In this study a centre lathe was chosen. A ferrocement bed was designed based on basic stress calculations. Two beds were fabricated. The first was a prototype design.

It was found that the deflections of the cast iron and ferrocement beds are less than one millimetre for loads up to 15 kN, a force that is hardly encountered in practice. In terms of stiffness, the cast iron bed was found to possess a higher static stiffness at the mid-span of the bed. From the dynamic testing it was found that the ferrocement beds had a higher damping ratio and a higher natural frequency at first mode than the cast iron bed.     

改善机床灰铸铁铸件性能的措施

总结了目前我国高精度机床灰铸铁铸件生产中存在的问题,叙述了制造业发展对机床灰铸铁铸件的质量要求,介绍了影响机床灰铸铁铸件性能的因素,提出了实现高碳当量高强度机床灰铸铁铸件生产的有效途径.     

Investigation of the wear mechanism of cubic boron nitride tools used for the machining of compacted graphite iron and grey cast iron

Various experiments were performed to investigate the wear mechanism of cubic boron nitride (cBN) tools used for the machining of compacted graphite iron (CGI). Comparative studies for tools used to machine grey cast iron (CI) were also performed in order to find out why in this case the tool lifetime is significantly higher. Two main effects were found that are responsible for tool wear, namely: (1) oxidation of the tool, and (2) interdiffusion of constituting elements between tool and CGI. These wear mechanisms are more or less the same for the machining of CGI and grey CI. The difference in tool lifetime can be explained by the formation of a MnS layer on the tool surface in the case of grey CI. This layer is missing in the case of CGI. The MnS layer acts as a lubricant and as a diffusion barrier and is the reason for the reduced wear in the case of grey CI.     

基于ANSYSWorkbench的树脂混凝土机床床身热变形分析优化

树脂混凝土一般具有较好的力学性能,优秀的热稳定性和优异的吸振性,为了探究树脂混凝土的热稳定性,充分利用虚拟仿真技术和Pro/E与ANSYS Workbench协同仿真方案,建立了某超精密加工中心床身的实体模型。通过对树脂混凝土材质以及传统铸铁材质的床身热变形结果的分析,找到了影响机床床身热变形的主要因素,并对机床材料和约束进行优化。结果证明优化后的机床床身具有很好的热稳定性,为提高超精密加工中心的热稳定性能提供有用的理论依据。     

高炉与中频炉双联短流程工艺生产机床灰铸铁件

近年来,国内采用高炉＋中频炉双联短流程熔化工艺大部分以生产铸铁管、磨球和配重件的普通铸铁为主,生产高档铸件的企业为数不多。2011年,国家发改委把直接利用高炉铁液生产铸铁件的短流程熔化工艺与装备列入鼓励类项目。为适应国家宏观战略,结合企业生产实际,对采用高炉＋中频炉双联短流程熔炼工艺生产HT200、HT250机床铸件进行了深入的研究,重点提出并研究了强化高炉熔炼和中频炉熔炼铁液孕育处理,使企业批量生产出了5万t以上HT200、HT250等牌号机床铸件,取得了良好的经济、能源、社会效益。     

造纸烘缸球墨铸铁轴头超声波检测

铸铁组织和铸造缺陷是影响其性能的重要因素,也是衡量铸铁压力容器安全和可靠的基本指标,但目前铸铁压力容器的无损检测技术在国内还缺少成熟的方法和完善的检测标准。文章主要针对高速宽幅造纸机械设备烘缸球墨铸铁轴头进行球化率和内部缺陷超声波检测。通过试验来验证超声波检测技术在该类轴检测中的应用效果,并判定球墨铸铁组织及其性能。     

基于支持向量机的蠕墨铸铁表面粗糙度预测

目的准确预测蠕墨铸铁加工过程中的表面质量,指导加工参数调整,保证加工过程中加工质量的稳定,运用差分进化算法优化的SVM模型(DE-SVM)构建蠕墨铸铁表面粗糙度(Ra)预测模型和加工参数选择方法。方法采用DE-SVM提高支持向量机回归模型的预测精度,建立针对实际加工材料的表面粗糙度预测模型,基于构建的预测模型,挖掘表面粗糙度与加工参数之间的关系,从而获得较优的加工参数。结果结合蠕墨铸铁的铣削加工实验数据,对比DE-SVM与常用优化算法(粒子群优化算法(PSO)和遗传算法(GA))优化的SVM模型,DE-SVM模型获得的MAPE(0.122)和R2(0.9559)值均优于粒子群和遗传算法优化的支持向量模型获得MAPE和R2值。在给定的加工参数范围内,切削速度和进给速度对表面粗糙度的影响较大,且表面粗糙度与切削速度成正比关系,与进给速度成反比,而切削深度对表面粗糙度影响不显著。结论由实验的对比结果可知,采用DE-SVM模型建立的蠕墨铸铁表面粗糙度模型具有更高的预测精度,基于DE-SVM获得的加工参数对表面粗糙度的影响,可有效指导加工参数的选择与调整,对保持蠕墨铸铁优良的加工质量具有较好的指导意义。     

机床类铸铁件水玻璃砂芯温度场的测定及溃散性的改善

本文对机床铸铁件水玻璃砂芯在浇注、冷却过程中的温度场进行了测定。结果表明,大部分水玻璃砂芯受热温度不超过600℃;加入2％的机油可降低这个温度区域水玻璃砂的残留强度。     

六十年来我国铸铁材料的发展

我国是铸造生产大国,2010年铸件年产量已近4 000万吨,连续11年位居世界首位.铸造新材料,新技术不断得到推广和应用,铸件质量逐渐提高,我国的铸造业正在向铸造强国挺进.本文简要论述了铸铁材料的发展历程、现状以及未来发展趋势.详细介绍了我国在灰铸铁、球墨铸铁、等温淬火球墨铸铁(ADI)、蠕墨铸铁、可锻铸铁以及特种性能铸铁方面的发展及应用情况,并指出了未来的发展方向.     

直驱机床矿物质材料龙门框架优化设计及分析

为了加工直径320 mm,高度250 mm的工件,在保证各类相关尺寸的情况下设计了一种床身和龙门框架为矿物质材料的五轴直驱复合加工中心。为了减轻机床的质量并降低其重心,对矿物质材料龙门框架进行以提高模态性能和柔度最小化为目标的拓扑优化设计,再用多目标遗传算法对拓扑优化后的龙门框架进行尺寸优化,并前后多次对其动、静态性能进行仿真分析和比较。对比市场现有铸铁龙门框架与最终优化后的矿物质材料龙门框架,结果显示：矿物质材料龙门框架质量上降低了15.03％,最大变形降低了8.7％,最大应力降低56.68％,一阶固有频率增大了23.45％。优化后的矿物质材料龙门框架在静、动态特性以及轻量化方面都要明显优于铸铁龙门框架支承件。     

A comparison of dry and air-cooled turning of grey cast iron with mixed oxide ceramic tool

The present work compares the performance of a mixed oxide ceramic tool in dry and air-cooled turning of grey cast iron. First, the study was done in the range of process parameters where dry turning provided satisfactory performance. The contours of surface roughness and tool life were generated with the help of trained neural networks. A novel procedure of neural network training is used in this work. The study was extended to the range in which dry turning performed poorly in terms of tool life. Tool wear, surface roughness of the machined job and forces and vibration during the cutting were studied. It was observed that air-cooling significantly reduces the tool wear at high cutting speed. At higher cutting speeds, where the dry turning performs very poorly, the air-cooled turning provides an improved surface finish also apart from the reduction in tool wear. In all the cases, the cutting and feed forces get reduced in air-cooling. Thus, air-cooled turning of grey cast iron with mixed oxide ceramic tools offers a promising environment-friendly option.     

激光表面织构对铸铁摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的找出最佳的表面织构方案,将其应用在摩擦副的表面处理上,从而达到降摩减阻、节能减排的目的。方法设计了两种不同的加工面积占有率(10%和20%),三种不同形状的表面织构(圆坑、椭圆坑、沟槽),对铸铁试件进行激光表面加工,并利用环-块磨损试验机进行油润滑摩擦磨损实验。结果表面织构对铸铁材料的摩擦磨损性能有明显改善,尤其在磨损量方面。三种不同形状的表面织构相比,圆形表面织构试件的磨损量最小。两种不同面积占有率相比,面积占有率为20%的圆形微织构试件的磨损量最小,并在一定程度上减小了摩擦系数。结论在本实验研究条件下,面积占有率为20%的圆形表面织构对改善铸铁材料的摩擦磨损性能最显著。     

蠕墨铸铁批量化生产的刀具选型及其加工参数研究

蠕墨铸铁以其良好的强度、耐热性、耐磨性和抗疲劳性逐步取代了发动机缸体和缸盖传统使用的灰铸铁材料.实践表明,在蠕墨铸铁加工时,刀具磨损的速度是加工灰铸铁的10～20倍,机床功率也会增大10％～30％,较低的加工效率和高昂的加工成本严重阻碍了蠕墨铸铁的批量化生产.根据现场生产经验,结合刀具提供商的推荐,选用了4款不同涂层厚...     

锰铸铁性能的试验研究

系统介绍了锰铸铁使用性能与铸造性能的研究检测结果。研究确认,锰铸铁具有强度高、刚性好、尺寸稳定、耐压、耐磨等使用性能;并具有良好的断面均匀性和铸造性能,成本低廉。可作为机床件、液压件、气缸盖、气缸套等重要零件的良好材质。     

高强度灰铸铁新型孕育剂的研究

研究75SiFe和FeSiRE27合金的不同加入量对高强度灰铸铁性能的影响。结果表明：含稀土元素的孕育剂可以降低铸铁的过冷度及形成白口的倾向性,能降低硬度及形成气孔的倾向性,可以提高铸铁的抗拉强度。根据研究成果,熔制了新型Fe-Si-RE合金,用它做孕育剂处理铁液,生产了机床铸件,取得了良好的预期效果。     

锰系无磁铸铁的工艺及性能控制

锰系无磁铸铁是在普通铸铁的基础上添加锰及铝、铜合金元素制成的 1种磁导率的新型电工合金材料。由于锰的加入 ,改变了铸铁的结晶条件和性能 ,使锰系无磁铸铁在工艺控制和性能方面与普通灰铸铁相比发生了较大的变化。分析和总结了锰系无磁铸铁的工艺及性能控制特点 ,为稳定锰系无磁铸铁的生产提供了一定依据。     

Fe－B－C合金冲击磨料磨损性能及磨损机制的研究

以高铬铸铁为对比材料,采用MLD-10型冲击磨料磨损试验机,研究了Fe—B—C合金冲击磨料磨损性能：借助子扫描电镜,探讨了Fe—B—C合金的磨损机制。结果表明：Fe—B—C合金的硬度和冲击韧度与高铬铸铁相当,耐磨性能达到高铬铸铁水平,具有良好的性价比;Fe—B—C合金的磨损机制是以微观切削为主,同时存在微观断裂和微观犁沟的混合磨损。     

球铁铝锭模材料热疲劳性能的研究

模拟铝锭模的使用条件,研究了不同基体组织球墨铸铁的热疲劳性能.结果表明,退火铁素体铝铸锭模使用寿命最长.该铝锭模安装在包头铝业公司的2台铝锭连续铸造机上使用,平均每天铸锭48t/台,连续使用410天.而普通材质的球铁铝锭模使用寿命仅为120到150天左右.     

Quantitative inspection on graphite length of grey iron

Graphite length is an important item in metallographic inspection of grey iron. Computer aided quantitative metallography is developed rapidly and has become a major analytical tool nowadays. Based-moment threshold selection was adopted to binarize the metallographic image in this study. A new approach has been developed to measure the length of the graphite in cast iron with high precision. The results are in good agreement with China National Metallographic Inspection Standard Charts for Grey Iron (GB7216-87) and ASTM (A247-67). An objective and precise measurement of graphite length in grey iron is critical for developing models correlating microstructure and properties of cast iron.     

Heat treatment in high Cr white cast iron Nb alloy

Wear resistance of high Cr white cast irons can be improved by means of heat treatment. This type of cast iron alloy may present a microstructure with retained austenite. The amount of retained austenite changes with the applied heat treatment, which will have an influence on wear properties. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of several parameters such as quenching and tempering temperatures and subzero treatment in the wear performance of the high Cr white cast iron Nb alloy. In this way, the performance was evaluated using pin-on-disc abrasion test. The worn surface was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the main wear mechanisms were identified. The microstructural characterization was also performed with carbide identification. This Fe alloy has proven to be good for applications in mining and alcohol-sugar industries.