恶唑禾草灵与阔叶杂草防除剂混用的药效研究

室内和田间试验研究了恶唑禾草灵和与麦田阔叶杂草防除剂２甲４氯、灭草松、甲磺隆以及绿磺隆混用的瘘容性和联合作用类型。室内试验结果说明，恶唑禾草灵与供试除草剂水稀释液和的妆容性良好，混用后不会出现分层、沉淀或表面张力增大等不良反应。田间试验结果表明，恶唑禾草灵与２甲４氯、灭草松混用对野燕麦、婆婆、纳、猪殃殃及试验田中所有杂草的总体防效均表现为拮抗作用；哑 灵与甲磺隆或绿磺降混秀，对野燕麦表现为拮抗作用     

唑禾草灵与阔叶杂草防除剂混用的药效研究

室内和田间试验研究了唑禾草灵与麦田常用阔叶杂草防除剂２甲４氯、灭草松、甲磺隆以及绿磺隆混用的兼容性和联合作用类型。室内试验结果说明，唑禾草灵与供试除草剂水稀释液混用的兼容性良好，混用后不会出现分层、沉淀或表面张力增大等不良反应。田间试验结果表明，唑禾草灵与２甲４氯、灭草松混用对野燕麦、婆婆纳、猪殃殃及试验田中所有杂草的总体防效均表现为拮抗作用；唑禾草灵与甲磺隆或绿磺隆混用，对野燕麦表现为拮抗作用，对阔叶杂草则多表现为相加或增效作用。文中还对除草剂混用联合作用的评价方法进行了讨论。     

不同除草剂对野燕麦和旱雀麦的防除效果

[目的]筛选出对野燕麦和旱雀麦防除效果好的药剂。[方法]选择10种目前生产中常用的除草剂进行室内生测试验。[结果]土壤处理除草剂中81.5%乙草胺1600 m L/hm2和33.3%二甲戊灵5400 m L/hm~2防除野燕麦、旱雀麦效果达95%以上;茎叶处理除草剂中对野燕麦的防除效果:精唑禾草灵炔草酸唑啉草酯烯草酮氟唑磺隆啶磺草胺;对旱雀麦的防除效果烯草酮氟唑磺隆啶磺草胺精唑禾草灵唑啉草酯炔草酸。[结论]乙草胺、二甲戊灵、精唑禾草灵、炔草酸、唑啉草酯对野燕麦有良好的防除效果,烯草酮、氟唑磺隆对旱雀麦防除效果好。     

野燕麦除草剂与利谷隆及2甲4氯混用和相继使用

在野燕麦草荒严重的小麦田里,往往也有许多其它阔叶杂草。如果野燕麦除草剂能与阔叶杂草除草剂混用,从而得到理想的杀草谱,这将是人们所期望的。近年来,加拿大以利谷隆、2甲4氯与燕麦灵、禾草灵、野燕枯混用或相继使用,进行了实验研究,这里作一简要介绍。1.燕麦灵 利谷隆或燕麦灵 利谷隆 2甲4氯混用和燕麦灵、利谷隆相继使用燕麦灵 利谷隆或燕麦灵 利谷隆 2甲4氯混用,无论在田间或温室实验中,均严重     

6.9%精恶唑禾草灵防除春小麦田野燕麦药效试验

经两年三点试验结果表明，6．9％精恶唑禾草灵乳油900ml/hm^2，于小麦4－5叶期施药，防除野燕麦效果90％以上，对小麦安全，小麦增产约12．0％。     

河南省不同地区野燕麦对除草剂精噁唑禾草灵的敏感度

[目的]随着麦田除草剂的大量使用,许多杂草产生严重抗性,精噁唑禾草灵是防除野燕麦的主要药剂(芳氧苯氧丙酸类,AOPP),而有关野燕麦抗药性的报道却不多,旨在探讨野燕麦(Avena fatua L.)对精噁唑禾草灵的抗性。[方法]采用整株测定法测定了河南24个地区野燕麦种群的茎和根分别对精噁唑禾草灵的敏感度差异。[结果]从野燕麦株高看,对精噁唑禾草灵最不敏感的西华(周口)野燕麦种群是最敏感的襄县(许昌)野燕麦种群的151.730倍,其IC_(50)值分别为643.790、4.243 g a.i./hm~2。而从野燕麦的根长看,对精噁唑禾草灵最不敏感的武陟(焦作)野燕麦种群是最敏感的鄢陵(许昌)野燕麦种群的31.643倍,其IC_(50)值分别为25 117.041、793.751 g a.i./hm~2。[结论]野燕麦的茎和根对精噁唑禾草灵的敏感度存在不一致性,但均表明这些地区野燕麦对精唑禾草灵产生了不同程度的抗性,为野燕麦对除草剂的抗性机理研究提供了理论基础。     

10%恶唑禾草灵防除麦田麦娘,野燕麦效果

试验表明亩用１０％恶唑禾草灵３０－４０毫升，分别于小麦分蘖期，小麦返青期施药对看麦娘株防铲９３．１－９６．１％，鲜重防效９０．１－９６．５％；对野燕麦株防效９１．３－９６．７％，除草效果优于甲磺隆，燕麦枯，是防除野燕麦、看麦娘的特效除草剂，并且从小麦分蘖期到返青期均可使用，对小麦安全。     

10%恶唑禾草灵EC防除麦田野燕麦、看麦娘药效试验

试验结果表明，在春季小麦分蘖末期，施用10％恶唑禾草灵EC防除麦田野燕麦，看麦娘具有良好的防治效果，能迅速控制杂草危害。最佳用药量为525－1050ml/hm^2，对野燕麦和看麦娘株防效分别达到92．00％和82．30％；鲜重防效分别达到94．58％及85．90％；药剂持效期达30天，与进口6．9％骠马CES效果相当。     

高恶唑禾灵和氟黄胺草醚防除大豆田杂草

试验结果表明５０毫长／６６７米＾２氟黄胺草醚能有效地控制大豆田茼麻和青葙子。４０－５０毫升／６６７米＾２高恶唑禾灵防除大豆田野称和芒稷可达满意效果；乳氟禾草灵不宜与高恶唑禾灵混 用，否则会诚效增毒。     

土壤含水量对禾草灵防除野燕麦效果的影响

土壤含水量是影响除草剂药效发挥的一个重要因子。在土壤含水量低的情况下。禾草灵防除野燕麦的药效会降低15～50%(Dortenzio等,1980)。在不同的土壤含水量下,经禾草灵处理后的野燕麦株高、鲜重和干物质均有较大差异。本试验通过在不同含水量条件下,使用禾草灵后野燕麦叶绿素含量、株高与鲜重的变化来探讨土壤含水量与禾草灵药效的关系。一、材料和方法供试药剂系西德Hoechst公司生产的36%禾草灵乳油。试验和调查方法:本试验于1986年3月～5月在八一农学院温室内用盆栽野燕麦进     

10%单嘧磺酯WP防除春小麦田杂草及对小麦安全性研究

10%单嘧磺酯WP适宜于春小麦3～5叶龄期(双子叶杂草2～4叶龄期)每公顷225～300g对水450kg茎叶处理,对双子叶杂草的防效达80%以上,对禾本科野燕麦有一定的防效,对小麦安全,灭草后增产显著。以藜或多年生杂草为主的田块,应与其它除草剂混配使用。     

50%氯丙嘧啶酸SG防除非耕地阔叶杂草的药效试验

[目的]通过田间药效试验明确50%氯丙嘧啶酸SG对非耕地阔叶杂草的防治效果、最佳田间使用剂量及施药技术。[结果]50%氯丙嘧啶酸SG适宜的施用剂量为90～200 g a.i./hm2,对水450 L/hm2;施药适期为阔叶杂草10～30 cm,施药方法为茎叶喷雾法,药后45 d防效为80%～100%,50、90 g a.i./hm2与对照药剂200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸EC 187.5 g a.i./hm2防效相当。[结论]50%氯丙嘧啶酸SG对非耕地阔叶杂草有较好的防治效果。     

小麦田春季化学除草效果比较

为评价不同除草剂对春季小麦田杂草的防除效果,2012年进行了田间药效比较试验。结果表明,在春季防除禾本科杂草时,可用5%唑啉.炔草酯EC 1200～1500 g/hm2(制剂用量,下同),或15%炔草酯WP 450～525 g/hm2,或69 g/L精唑禾草灵EW 1800 g/hm2;在春季防除猪殃殃时,可用200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸EC 900～1050 g/hm2。以上各药剂的防除效果均在90%以上。     

5种除草剂对吉林省春小麦田杂草防除效果研究

为了考察5种除草剂对吉林省春小麦田杂草的防除效果,并评价其对小麦的安全性,采用茎叶喷雾、定期调查的方法进行田间药效试验。结果表明,春小麦4～6叶期,茎叶喷施40%唑草酮水分散粒剂24.0 g/hm2(有效成分用量,下同)、10%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂13.5 g/hm2、200 g/L氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油180.0 g/hm2,施药后30 d对阔叶杂草的综合防效分别为83.1%、84.7%、90.6%;茎叶喷施69 g/L精唑禾草灵水乳剂67.5 g/hm2、15%炔草酯可湿性粉剂45.0 g/hm2,施药后30 d对禾本科杂草的综合防效分别为90.7%、86.8%。5种药剂对春小麦生长较安全,与人工铲除杂草相比,增产0.31%～1.56%。     

Weed control using allelopathic crop plants

The concept that some crop plants may be allelopathic to common weeds of agricultural lands is receiving greater attention as an alternative weed control strategy. Several crops showing promise are: grain and forage species such as barley (Hordeum), oat (A vena), fescue (Festuca), and sorghum (Sorghum), and the agronomic species of corn (Zea) and sunflower (Helianthus). Among the problems that hinder the conclusive demonstration of allelopathic effects of crop plants are the loss of that capacity through selection and the variability among cultivars. Recent studies to evaluate the allelopathic potential of crop plants have shown that several sunflower varieties inhibit the germination and growth of associated weeds and to a greater extent than found in several biotypes of native sunflower. Aqueous extracts of dried sunflower and rape tissue inhibited or stimulated germination and growth of weeds, and the response depended upon the source of extract, the extract concentration, and the weed species tested. The validity of bioassay results was tested in a 5-year field study with sunflower and oat grown in rotation. Weed density increased in all plots but the extent of increase was significantly less in plots of sunflower than in control plots. The use of crop plants with increased allelochemical production could limit the need for conventional herbicides to early season application with late season control provided by the crop.     

烟嘧磺隆和氯氟吡氧乙酸混配防除玉米田杂草及其安全性

通过几种除草剂在玉米苗后4～5叶期对田间杂草的药效试验结果表明,各处理药后20 d的株防效和鲜重防效差异都不明显.按除草效果,宜选用制剂用量为38%莠去津SC 1500 mL/hm2 5%烟嘧磺隆OF 1050 mL/hm2或5%炯嘧磺隆OF 1050 mL/hm2 20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC 750 mL/hm2,但从经济和安全的角度,宜选用5%炯嘧磺隆OF 900 mL/hm2 20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC 300 mL/hm2.     

Allelopathic potential of wild oat (Avena fatua) on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth

Wild oat plants may produce toxic substances that suppress the growth and development of desirable species, thus accounting for severe yield loss in infested fields. The purpose of this study was to determine the allelopathic potential of wild oat (Avena fatua) on the growth of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Fieldwin) in the absence of plant competition. Wild oat and spring wheat plants were grown separately in 250-ml beakers in a sand medium. Root exudates were extracted from wild oat medium at the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-leaf stages of wild oat development and added to beakers containing spring wheat in temporally corresponding stages of development. Spring wheat root and leaf dry weights were measured to determine if one or more allelochemical agents were released from wild oat roots. Spring wheat leaf and root dry weights were significantly reduced by exudates from wild oat plants at the 2- and 4-leaf stages of development, respectively. Allelochemicals were isolated from wild oat root exudates at various stages of plant development. Paper chromatography analysis indicated that at least two unknown compounds were present.R _f values in benzene-acetic acid-water of the two unknown compounds (0.825 and 0.930) were similar to scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin) and vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid), respectively. Additional tests using diazotizedp-nitraniline, ultraviolet absorption spectra, and gas chromatography analysis also indicated that the unknowns were coumarin-related compounds such as scopoletin and vanillic acid.     

QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS同时测定玉米田环境中氯氟吡氧乙酸和氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯的残留量

建立了使用分散固相萃取的QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)对玉米、鲜食玉米、秸秆以及土壤中氯氟吡氧乙酸和氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯进行定量测定的方法.结果表明,氯氟吡氧乙酸和氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯在0.005～0.5 mg/L内线性关系良好,相关系数高于0.999 8.氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯和氯氟吡氧乙...     

野燕麦除草剂的研究进展

介绍了野燕麦的危害。并按化学结构分类对防除野燕麦除草剂的研究现状和进展作一简要介绍。     

新型除草剂单嘧磺隆防除夏玉米田间杂草试验

10%单嘧磺隆是防除小麦、谷子等作物田间杂草的新型除草剂.为明确其在玉米田间使用的除草效果,2007年进行试验.结果表明:10%单嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂在夏玉米播后苗前进行土壤喷雾,对夏玉米田间阔叶杂草具有良好的防除效果,使用剂量以400 g/hm2(制剂含量)为宜.在禾本科杂草发生严重的地块,应和地乐胺等除草剂复配使用.