Surface Modification for Metal Hydride Electrode of Ni／MH Battery

A novel method was applied to the surface modification of the metal hydride (MH) electrode of the Ni/MH battery. The electrode was plated with a thin silver film by using plasma technology and its effect on the performance of the Ni/MH battery was examined. Charge-discharge test proved that the battery with modified electrode exhibits a better high-rate dischargeability and chargeability than the battery with untreated electrode. The battery with modified electrode exhibits satisfactory durability. After 500 cycles, the capacities of the batteries with modified and unmodified electrode are 90.1% and 82.3 % of their original capacities. The inner pressure test shows that the battery with modified electrode displays a much lower inner gas pressure on charging. The experimental results demonstrate that this method is an effective way for the surface modification of the electrode of the Ni/MH battery.     

Bioleaching of Nickel and Cobalt from Spent Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries by Acidithiobacilli spp

The Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(At.f) and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans (At.t) were used in bio-dissolution experiments of heavy metals in spent MH/Ni batteries. The influences of the initial pH value,the concentration of electrode materials,the temperature and substrate concentration on the leaching rate of heavy metal Ni,Co have been investigated. The obtained results indicate that the efficiency of nickel extraction and cobalt extraction is dependent on all of the mentioned factors. Especially,the initial pH value and the temperature have more effect than other factors for these microorganisms. In addition,the results show that the optimal leaching rate of Ni and Co in the spent MH/Ni batteries reaches to 95.7% and 72.4% respectively after 20 days under the conditions of the initial pH value 1.0,concentration of electrode materials 1.0%,temperature 30 ℃ and substrate(sulfur) concentration 4.0 g·L-1.     

MLNi_4Cr和MLNi_4Si贮氢电极的性能

利用交流阻抗、循环伏安及扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察等方法，测定了ＭＬＮｉ４和ＭＬＮｉ４Ｓｉ（ＭＬ：富镧混合稀土金属）贮氢电极的性能，并对两电极性能差别的原因进行了分析和讨论．结果表明，ＭＬＮｉ４Ｃｒ电极比ＭＬＮｉ４Ｓｉ电极易活化、放电容量大、过电位小以及快速放电能力强；而ＭＬＮｉ４Ｓｉ电极具有较好的循环充放电特性．     

MLNi_4Cr和MLNi_4Si贮氢电极的性能

利用交流阻抗、循环伏安及扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察等方法，测定了ＭＬＮｉ４和ＭＬＮｉ４Ｓｉ（ＭＬ：富镧混合稀土金属）贮氢电极的性能，并对两电极性能差别的原因进行了分析和讨论．结果表明，ＭＬＮｉ４Ｃｒ电极比ＭＬＮｉ４Ｓｉ电极易活化、放电容量大、过电位小以及快速放电能力强；而ＭＬＮｉ４Ｓｉ电极具有较好的循环充放电特性．     

Effect of Overcharge on Electrochemical Performance of Sealed-Type Nickel/Metal Hydride Batteries

The effects of overcharge on electrochemical performance of AA size sealed-type nickel/metal hydride（Ni/MH） batteries and its degradation mechanism were investigated. The results indicated that the relationship between the effects of different overcharge currents on the increasing velocity of inner pressure and the degradation velocity of cycle life and discharge voltage remains in almost direct proportion. After overcharge cycles, the positive electrode materials remain the original structure, but there occur some breaks because of the irreversible expand of crystal lattice. And the negative electrode alloy particles have inconspicuous pulverization, but are covered with lots of corrosive products and its main component is rare earth hydroxide or oxide. These are all the main reasons leading to the degradation behavior of the discharge capacity and cycle life of Ni/MH batteries.     

Development and Electrochemical Testing of Novel Bipolar Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries

With the enhancement of consciousness of envi-ronmental protection and the increasing exhaustion ofoil resources,study on electric vehicles(EV)or hy-brid electric vehicles(HEV)are being actively con-ductedin the countries worldwide[1-3].Ni/MHbat-tery is p…     

不同金属基底改性Zn负极的电化学性能研究

将经过熔炼、锻造、打磨和抛光的金属Ni、Cu、Sn、In、Ti作为Zn负极的基底,制备了水系Zn离子电池。运用XRD、SEM、原位光学显微镜和电化学表征技术,分析了不同基底上的析氢速率、Zn在不同基底上的沉积/溶解行为、电偶腐蚀程度以及循环性能。结果表明,Sn和In不仅能够抑制Zn与基底之间引起的副反应,而且具有优异的亲Zn性能,但Zn在Sn基底表面沉积的形貌受Sn晶面的影响较大,In更适宜用作Zn负极的基底。     

脉冲偏压对TiAlN/TiN多层膜生长及熔滴的影响

针对直流脉冲负偏压对PVD涂层形成过程和熔滴造成很大影响的问题,通过施加脉冲偏压有利于实现低温沉积.研究发现,沉积速率随直流脉冲负偏压峰值的提高先升高后降低,在-300V偏压时沉积速率最大;熔滴密度和直径随脉冲负偏压峰值的提高递减;随偏压升高,加大了元素溅射产额的差异,使涂层中铝元素和钛元素的含量发生变化.     

LiFePO4/石墨烯复合材料的电化学性能比较

分别以水热合成的石墨烯（H-Gr）和商业化石墨烯（C-Gr）为载体,以溶胶-凝胶法合成的LiFePO4（S-LFP）和商业化的LiFePO4（C-LFP）为活性组分,通过固相法制备了4个LiFePO4/石墨烯复合物。采用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和电化学性能测试,对上述LiFePO4/石墨烯复合物进行了对比研究。实验结果表明,C-LFP/H-Gr显示了最高的可逆放电容量,0.1C倍率下,达到155.0mA.h.g-1,其次是C-LFP/C-Gr（144.6mA.h.g-1）和S-LFP/H-Gr（131.5mA.h.g-1）,S-LFP/C-Gr的性能最差,仅为119.6mA.h.g-1。C-LFP/H-Gr较高的电化学容量,一方面可归结于商业化的LiFePO4较小的粒径和良好的晶型结构;另一方面水热合成的石墨烯小的片层结构对LiFePO4的良好包覆,不仅增强了材料导电性,而且提高了活性物质LiFePO4的利用率。     

镍氢电池充放电终止指标的实验研究

进行了镍氢电池的充放电实验,检测了电池工作时的电压、容量、温度和内阻,绘制了相应的曲线.上述4个参数的变化显著程度不同.借助曲线,讨论了镍氢电池充放电终止指标的确定原则.充电时,电池电压、容量和电池的温度可作为终止指标.放电时,电池的电压、容量和内阻可作为终止指标.总体而言,用容量作为充放电的终止指标比较准确,由此提出了以电池容量作为充放电终止指标的建议,所得到的结论对不同容量的镍氢电池具有参考意义.     

Electrochemical Characterization of Surface-modified LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries

To improve the performance, the surface of 12Mn2O4 was coated with very fine MgO , Al2O3 and ZnO by solgel method, respectively. The structure and morphology of the coated materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction （ XRD ）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （ XPS ） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The charge and discharge performance of uncoated and surfnce modified 12Mn2O4 spinel at 25℃ and 55 ℃ were tested, using a voltage window of 3.0-4.35 V and a current deasity of 0. 1 C rate. There is a slight decrease in the initial discharge capacity relative to that of uncoated UMn2 O4, bat the cycle ability of 12 12Mn2O4 coated by metal-oxide has remarkably been improved. The EIS measuremeuts of uncoated and Al2O3 -coated 12Mn2O4 were carried out by a model 273 A potentiostatl galvanistat controUed by a computer using M270 software, and using a freqnency response analyzer （ Zsimpwin ） combined with a potentiostate （ PAR 273）. Coaseqnently, the reason for the improved cycle properties is that the surface modification reduces the dissolution of Mn , which results from the suppression of the electrolyte decomposition, and suppresses the formation of passivation film that acts as an electronic insulating layer. In conclusion, the use of surface modification is an effective way to improve the electrochemical performance of 12Mn2O4 cathode material for lithium batteries.     

锡基复合电极的电化学性能研究

化学还原法制备的Sn-SnSb复合材料具有良好的电化学性能,其中SnSb百分数为24 5%的材料性能更优越,循环30次后容量还能保持在380m·Ah/g左右;热处理能有效地提高复合电极的循环性能,含SnSb百分数为24 5%的材料循环性能提高显著,循环50次后容量可维持在400m·Ah/g左右.运用循环伏安实验验证了Li与Sn、Sb的多步合金化步骤,阻抗分析表明,在嵌脱锂的不同电位阶段电极阻抗变化呈一定趋势,电位越低,阻抗越大.     

锂离子电池正极材料表面包覆MgO的研究

锂离子电池正极材料和电解液之间的恶性相互作用是引起正极材料和电池性能劣化的重要原因.实验研究了在锂离子电池正极材料尖晶石LiMn2O4上包覆MgO来改善材料在循环过程中容量衰减过快的问题.研究表明,MgO包覆层的存在减少了正极材料与电解液的直接接触,阻止了电解液对材料的侵蚀,从而有效地改善了材料的循环性能.     

Influence of negative bias voltage on the mechanical and tribological properties of MoS<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Zr composite films

MoS2/Zr composite films were deposited on the cemented carbide YT14 (WC+14%TiC+6%Co) by medium-frequency magnetron sputtered and coupled with multi-arc ion plated techniques.The influence of negative bias voltage on the composite film properties,including adhesion strength,micro-hardness,thickness and tribological properties were investigated.The results showed that proper negative bias voltage could significantly improve the mechanical and tribological properties of composite films.The effects of negative ...     

Microstructure of Ni / WC surface composite layer on gray iron substrate

The surface infiltrated composite (Ni/WC) layers on gray iron substrate were fabricated through a vacuum infiltration casting technique (VICT) using Ni-based composite powder with different WC particles content as raw materials.The microstructures of surface infiltrated composite layer,the interface structures between surface composite layer and the substrate,the changes of macro-hardness with the increasing of WC content and the micro-hardness distribution are investigated.The infiltrated composite layer includes a surface composite layer and a transition layer,and the thickness of the transition layer decreases with the increasing content of WC.The thickness of transition layer with 20%WC content in the surface infiltrated composite layer was 170 μm which was the thickest for all transition layers with different WC content.The surface composite layer was mainly composed of WC,W2C,FeB and NiB,along with Ni-Cr-Fe,Ni (Cr) solid solution,Ni (Si) solid solution and Ni (Fe) solid solution.The transition layer was composed of Ni (Cr) solid solution,Ni (Fe) solid solution,Ni (Si) solid solution,Fe (Ni) solid solution and eutectic.The surface macro-hardness and micro-hardness of the infiltrated layer had been evaluated.The macro-hardness of the surface composite layer decreases with the WC content increasing,and the average macro-hardness is HRC60.The distribution of micro-hardness presents gradient change.The average micro-hardness of the infiltrated layer is about HV1000.     

激光重熔制备TA1表面Ni/Al复合抗高温氧化涂层

为了提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能,采用电弧喷涂和等离子喷涂方法在纯钛表面制备Ni/Al复合涂层.利用激光重熔使得Ni层与Al层发生冶金反应,对试件进行800℃×40 h连续氧化.根据生成的金属间化合物特征研究纯钛的高温抗氧化行为.结果表明,经过表面改性处理后Ni/Al复合涂层可以显著提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能.在激光重熔过程中Ni/Al复合涂层中的Al发生熔化扩散并与Ni形成以Ni₂Al₃相为主的扩散层.在氧化过程中Ni/Al复合涂层表面形成连续且致密的α-Al₂O₃氧化膜与大量NiAl相,表面扩散层中的富铝相可为表面提供充足的Al元素,进而对纯钛基体提供有效的高温抗氧化保护作用.     

TA1表面制备Ni/Al涂层的反应扩渗及抗氧化行为

为了提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能,采用电弧喷涂和等离子喷涂方法在纯钛表面制备Ni/Al涂层.对试件进行900 ℃×5 h热处理后,再进行900 ℃×40 h连续氧化实验,探索其高温抗氧化行为.结果表明,经过表面改性处理的Ni/Al涂层可以显著提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性.在热处理过程中Ni/Al涂层中的Al发生熔化扩散并与Ni和Ti形成以NiAl与TiAl₃相为主的扩散层.在氧化过程中Ni/Al涂层表面形成连续且致密的α-Al₂O₃,同时表面扩散层中的富铝相可为涂层表面提供充足的Al元素,进而对纯钛基体提供有效的高温抗氧化保护作用.