转炉高温烟气除尘文氏管喷淋降温流动与传热性能分析

文氏管内部的流动与传热较为复杂,不仅涉及喷淋液滴与烟气在流动过程中的相互作用,而且涉及喷淋液滴遇到高温烟气发生相变进行的传热传质。视烟气为连续相,喷射液滴为离散相,考虑连续相与离散相在质量、动量和能量的相互作用,建立了转炉烟气文氏管喷淋降温三维瞬态数学模型。通过数值模拟,获得了文氏管内部压力、温度、速度和水蒸气摩尔分数分布,得到了不同烟气量、不同喷射水量条件下,文氏管压力损失和出口温度与挡板开度之间的关系。     

1000MW超超临界锅炉烟气挡板阻力特性试验研究

再热蒸汽温度的合理调节和控制是确保大型电站锅炉运行可靠性和经济性的重要措施。烟气挡板是大型电站锅炉中应用最广泛的再热蒸汽温度调节方法,挡板的阻力特性直接影响锅炉实际运行过程中再热蒸汽温度调节的准确性。以应用于1 000 MW超超临界锅炉的烟气挡板为研究对象,通过烟气挡板阻力特性试验研究,得到了不同负荷下不同开度挡板的阻力特性。研究成果可为大型电站锅炉汽温调节系统设计与运行控制优化提供依据。     

单闸板式三通挡板阀烟气流动及分配特性

为研究一种应用于小型联合循环电站的余热锅炉的单闸板式三通挡板阀的烟气流动及分配特性,本文用Proe软件建立该型挡板阀简化的三维几何模型,并使用ANSYS Fluent软件对其内部烟气流动情况做了数值模拟,获得了不同开启角度下烟气在两侧出口的流量分配情况。计算结果为该型三通挡板阀的设计提供了理论支持。     

相变换热器烟气侧流动及传热特性的数值模拟

对壁温均匀的相变换热器换热管外烟气的流动状态与翅片管的换热过程进行数值模拟,分析烟气入口速度、翅片间距及翅片管横向间距、纵向间距对流动传热特性的影响。结果表明:随着烟气入口速度的增加,换热量和烟气流动阻力均增加;一定范围内增大翅片间距,能够强化传热性能,降低烟气流动阻力;翅片管横向间距的增大能强化传热,而纵向间距的增大会减弱传热性能,二者均能够降低烟气的流动阻力。     

烟气余热回收不同形式纵向翅片管模拟研究

基于理论分析和数值模拟,研究烟气余热回收采用不同形式纵向翅片管时,结构参数变化对热回收室传热性能和流动阻力的影响规律,并对比分析综合性能的优劣。结果表明相比于光滑管,平板式、百叶窗式、波纹翅片管的传热量均可增加约10%;其中,百叶窗式翅片管的传热性能和综合性能均最优,波纹翅片管次之,矩形平板式翅片管最差。     

烟气挡板调温系统结构设计优化措施

本文从锅炉现场试验中发现的问题入手,分析讨论了改善烟气挡板流量特性和汽温耦合特性的措施,并提出了减小烟气流动阻力损失的烟气挡板调节方式,供采用烟气挡板调温的锅炉在设计和运行时参考。     

双P型辐射管数值模拟及参数优化

以功率为100 k W的双P型辐射管为研究对象,利用Fluent软件对其内部的流动、燃烧及传热过程进行模拟,并对比了在有回流和无回流状况下辐射管的气相温度场及壁面温度变化情况,证明在有回流状况下,辐射管内部燃烧状态处于"无焰燃烧"状态。对六种不同空气、烟气喷口排布方式的方案进行了模拟,对比了其燃烧最高温度、烟气温度、管壁温度以及烟气中三原子分子浓度的差异。并以管壁温度和辐射管传热效率为判别依据,得到了较优的布置方案。     

联合循环余热锅炉螺旋鳍片管烟气放热系数研究

东南大学建造了1座IGCC余热锅炉鳍片管受热面流动和传热热态试验装置,并先后在其上进行了2个不同螺旋鳍片管组的传热特性研究,通过分析比较实测的烟气侧对流放热系数与无量纲准则式计算的结果,得出了完全热模拟公式更为准确的结论。     

基于低温烟气余热回收的纵翅片换热管性能模拟研究

纵翅片换热管是一种适合于低温烟气余热回收的换热部件,翅片的结构参数对管外烟气的换热性能和流动性能的影响较大。文中对三种不同高宽比的基管模型在六种不同入口速度下管外侧流体流动和传热特性进行数值模拟研究,研究结果表明:在相同雷诺数下,高宽比为1的基管模型换热性能最好,高宽比为2的基管模型进出口压降最小。进出口压降和平均对流换热系数随入口速度的增加而增大,因此在选择换热管入口烟气流速时,应在压降被允许的情况下,尽量选择较高的入口流速。     

再热器挡板调温装置的特性

本文介绍上海锅炉厂设计制造的400吨/时超高压中间再热锅炉再热器挡板调温装置的设计和试验情况。文中提出平行分隔烟道中烟气旁通量的计算公式、挡板不同开度时的阻力系数以及再热器出口汽温的静态和动态特性。本文对挡板的布置方案也作了初步探讨。     

利用文丘里管和VNT提高柴油机EGR率的研究

利用文丘里管和可变喷嘴增压器(VNT)提高柴油机的EGR率,旨在降低柴油机NOx的排放.采用试验的方法研究,对文丘里管喉口直径进行了优化,分析不同的喉口直径对发动机外特性参数的影响;对于VNT系统,分析VNT叶片开度对EGR系统的影响,并在最佳的EGR率下,进行了VNT与旁通增压器的柴油机性能对比.通过文丘里管喉口直径的合理选取和VNT喷嘴环叶片位置的调节,增加涡前与文丘里管喉口的压差及EGR率.结果表明,基于VNT的EGR系统,扩展了EGR率的范围,小负荷的EGR率能达到30%,在保证柴油机动力性、经济性不变的前提下,大大地降低了NOx的排放.     

Velocity profiles between two baffles in a horizontal circular tube

The shell and tube heat exchanger is an essential part of a power plant for recovering heat transfer between the feed water of a boiler and the wasted heat.The baffles are also an important element inside the heat exchanger.Internal materials influence the flow pattern in the bed.The influence of baffles in the velocity profiles was observed using a three-dimensional particle image velocimetry around baffles in a horizontal circular tube.The velocity of the particles was measured before the baffle and between them in the test tube.
Results show that the flows near the front baffle flow were parallel to the vertical wall,and then concentrate on the upper opening of the front baffle.The flows circulate in the front and rear baffles.These flow profiles are related to the Reynolds number（Re） or the flow intensity.The velocity profiles at lower Re number showed a complicated mixing,concentrating on the lower opening of the rear baffle as front wall.
Swirling flow was employed in this study,which was produced using tangential velocities at the inlet.At the entrance of the front baffle,the velocity vector profiles with swirl were much different from that without swirl.However,velocities between two baffles are not much different from those without swirl.     

管壳式换热器折流部件优化研究进展

为了提高管壳式换热器的能源利用率,换热器强化传热的研究得到广泛关注。本文从强化传热原理、结构改进和设计优化等三方面对换热器折流部件的优化改进研究进行了分析和总结。其中,强化传热原理主要包括不同折流板通过改变流场的特性影响换热器性能;结构改进包括分段挡板、折流孔板和螺旋挡板的优化进展以及与单弓挡板的对比研究;设计优化包括利用各种新型算法对换热器结构参数的优化和成本的控制。针对管壳式换热器折流部件的强化传热问题,提出了非连续螺旋挡板的研究和结合多目标优化设计的结构改进是未来的重点研究方向。     

A Numerical Study for Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Micro Combustor by Large Eddy Simulation

The characteristics of heat transfer in confined multiple jet flows of a micro can combustor is investigated by means of large eddy simulation (LES). The micro combustor can be employed for a hybrid system, which consists of a micro gas turbine and a solid oxide fuel cell. In the present study, the focus is brought into heat transfer, which has a great effect on combustion stability as heat loss to the outside of combustor. The study is made for the three cases of different baffle plate configurations with changing the velocity ratio between fuel and oxidant jets. Downstream of the baffle plate, the flow recirculation regions appear and they can affect the enhancement of the turbulent heat transfer to the wall. In particular, the near-wall flow recirculation region formed between the oxidant jet and the combustor wall plays an important role for wall heat transfer. We study the turbulent thermal fields and conjugate heat transfer which show peculiar characteristics corresponding to the three different baffle plate shapes and different velocity ratios.     

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Baffle Orientation on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger With Leakage Flows

The commercial CFD code FLUENT is used to investigate the effect of baffle orientation and of viscosity of the working fluid on the heat transfer and pressure drop in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the domain of turbulent flow. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger considered follows the TEMA standards and consists of 76 plane tubes with fixed outside diameter, which are arranged in a triangular pitch. Two baffle orientations as well as leakage flows are considered. In order to determine the effect of viscosity on heat transfer and pressure drop, simulations are performed for the working fluids air, water, and engine oil with Prandtl numbers in the range of 0.7 to 206. For each baffle orientation and working fluid, simulations are performed using different flow velocities at the inlet nozzle. Heat transfer and pressure drop are reported in order to describe the performance of vertically and horizontally baffled shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The heat transfer coefficient is described as modified shell-side Nusselt number, which is defined similar to the VDI method.     

Numerical Analysis of Baffle Cut on Shell Side Heat Exchanger Performance with Inclined Baffles

In this work, an attempt has been made to decrease the pressure drop and to increase the heat transfer rate in a shell and tube heat exchanger (STHX) by tilting the baffle angle and by varying the baffle cut. The process of solving the simulation includes modeling, meshing, and analyzing the geometry of the STHX by using Pro-E, hypermesh, and computational fluid dynamics package of ANSYS Fluent, respectively. The objective of this study is to find a suitable baffle inclination and baffle cut for the efficient performance of the STHX. The baffle inclinations of 25°, 30°, 35°, and 40° were considered for three different baffle cuts of 25%, 30%, and 35% of shell inside diameter and the results were compared with segmental baffle of inclination angle 0°. The shell side flow with different inclination angles and baffle cuts results in a significant variation in heat transfer rate and pressure drop in the STHX. The results provide a clear idea that the heat transfer rate is maximum in inclined baffle heat exchanger compared to that of segmental baffle heat exchanger. Further it is found that the STHX with the configuration of 35º baffle inclination angle and baffle cut of 30% of shell inside diameter provides higher heat transfer rate with minimum pressure drop compared to all other configurations.     

纵流壳程换热器新型抗振折流元件的数值研究

提出了一种新型抗振折流杆元件的结构,并对该结构的单元流道提出了简化模型,用数值方法模拟了夹持式折流杆支撑的单元流道内的流动和传热状况,从流体的流动形态、压力分布和温度分布等方面与直折流圆杆单元流道进行了对比。结果表明,除阻力降外,该结构的传热量和传热系数均有所改善。     

Numerical research on heat transfer and flow resistance performance of specially‐shaped rod baffle heat exchangers

In order to overcome the disadvantages of heat transfer performance in the shell side of the common circular cross section rod baffle heat exchanger with a low Reynolds number, a numerical simulation on fluid flow and heat transfer in the shell side with different types of rod baffles is carried out. The rod baffles include the circular cross section, trigonal cross section, and rhombic cross section. The influence of heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance reduction affected by baffles is summarized. It is indicated that the trigonal and rhombic cross section rod baffles present the better performance of heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance reduction. With the rhombic cross section rod baffles in the shell side, the higher heat transfer coefficient and overall property in the shell side are achieved when Re is lower, and the heat transfer coefficient in the shell side is 10% higher than that of a circular cross section rod baffle at the same Reynolds number. The trigonal and rhombic cross section rod baffles in the shell side give more optional structure forms for expanding the application scope of rod baffle heat exchangers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20388     

Experimental Studies on Thermal Performance and Flow Resistance of Heat Exchangers with Helical Baffles

In this study, the shell-side heat transfer performance and flow resistance of the shell-and-tube heat exchangers with third-symmetrical, quarter-symmetrical, quarter-unsymmetrical helical baffles and segmental baffles were experimentally obtained. Except for the baffles, these heat exchangers had the same geometrical configuration and number of tubes. Cold and hot water were used as working fluids in the shell and the tube side, respectively. The experiments were done with the cold water volumetric flow rate ranging between 3 and 7 m³/h and the hot water volumetric flow rate constant at 5.5 m³/h. The results show that the heat exchanger with segmental baffles has higher shell-side heat transfer performance and flow resistance than those with helical baffles. Among the three helical baffles used, the third-symmetrical helical baffle offers the highest shell-side heat transfer performance and flow resistance. The quarter-unsymmetrical helical baffle offers the lowest shell-side flow resistance. Its performance of shell-side heat transfer is also the lowest one but close to that of the quarter-symmetrical helical baffle, so the quarter-unsymmetrical helical baffle provides the best conversion efficiency in all heat exchangers mentioned. Compared with the segmental baffle, the shell-side Nusselt numbers that the third-symmetrical, the quarter-symmetrical, and the quarter-unsymmetrical helical baffle offer decrease on the average by about 26%, 37%, and 38%, respectively, and the corresponding shell-side Euler numbers they provide decrease on the average by about 33%, 49%, and 55%, respectively. Thus, the relative shell-side conversion efficiencies increase by about 9%, 25%, and 39% on the average, respectively.