Sn替代Si和B对Ti50Ni22Cu18Al4Si4B2合金机械研磨非晶化的促进作用

采用Xn替代Ti50Ni22Cu18Al4Si4B2合金中的Si和B1形成Ti50Ni22Cu18Al4Snx(Si0．67B0．33)6-x(x=0，3，6)系列合金．所有的预制合金碎屑经过机械研磨均发生非晶化转变．随着合金中Sn含量的增加，球磨产物中转变未尽的晶体相α-Ti含量减少．由Sn完全替代Si和B的Ti50Ni22Cu18Al4Sn6合金，机械研磨可形成与熔体急冷几乎相同的单一均匀非晶相，过冷液态温度区间可达到66K．     

Ti基大块非晶合金的制备及热稳定性

采用铜模铸造法制备出最大直径为2mm的Ti53Cu27Ni12Zr3Al7Si3B1块状非晶合金。DSC和DTA分析表明，该合金具有较高的玻璃形成能和热稳定性，玻璃转变温度（Tg），结晶化温度（Tx），过冷液体区间（△Tx）以及约化玻璃转变温度（Tg/Tm）分别为685K，754K，69K和0．62。由XRD分析结果可知，Ti53Cu27Ni12Zr3Al7Si3B1的晶化过程分为部分亚稳相析出、初生相（NiTi2，NiTi，δ-CuTi和CuTi2）析出以及稳定相（NiTi2，NiTi，CuTi3和一个新的未知相）析出3个阶段。用Kissinger法计算出3个阶段的表观晶化激活能分别为377．86kJ／mol，322．97kJ／mol和311．17kJ／mol。研究结果表明晶化过程中第1放热峰表观晶化激活能较大，能有效地阻止Ti53Cu27Ni12Zr3Al7Si3B1发生晶化，从而使其具有较大的非晶的玻璃形成能和良好的热稳定性。     

Ni-Ti-Zr-Al-Cu-Si块体非晶合金的形成及压缩性能

利用DSC，DTA，XRD研究了NiTiZrAlCuSi块体非晶合金的形成。采用铜模铸造工艺使块体金属玻璃最大直径从Ni42Ti25Zr25Al8合金的小于0．5mm增加到Ni42Ti20Zr25Al8Cu5的1mm，然后增加到Ni42Ti20Zr21.5Al8Cu5Si3.5合金的4mm。在Ni42Ti20Zr21.5Al8Cu5Si3.5和Ni42Ti20Zr20.5Al8Cu5Si4.5合金中获得最大的约化玻璃转变温度Trg（=Tg／T1）及最大的过冷液相区△Tx（=Tx-Tg），分别为0．570和93K。Si显著增加玻璃形成能力主要是抑制引起异质形核的Ni（TiZr）相和（TiZr）（CuAl）2相的形成。室温压缩实验表明：Ni42Ti20Zr21.5Al8Cu5Si3.5合金抗压断裂强度为2724MPa。     

高能球磨工艺对Ti50Ni22Cu25Sn3组织演变的影响

用高能球磨法制备Ti50Ni22Cu25Sn3非晶粉末,并研究球磨工艺参数对Ti50Ni22Cu25Sn3非晶形成过程的影响。结果表明,球磨转速以及磨球直径对Ti50Ni22Cu25Sn3非晶相的形成效率具有十分重要的影响。较高的转速和合适的球径能有效促进该Ti基合金的非晶化,缩短合金非晶化的时间,当转速为400 r/min,球料比为20:1时,球磨时间约为30 h后,可得到完全的Ti50Ni22Cu25Sn3非晶粉末     

机械研磨Tix(Cu0.45Ni0.55)94-xSi4B2合金系的玻璃形成范围

利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和差示扫描量热计分析表征了Tix(Cu0．45Ni0．55)94—xSi4B2(x＝50，60，70，75，80)合金粉末高能球磨后产物的相组成．结果表明，合金成分在50≤x≤70范围，球磨产物主要为非晶相，但仍残留有α—Ti纳米晶体，当x＞70％时，机械研磨仅导致初始晶体相的晶粒细化，形成纳米晶结构，未发生非晶化；不同Ti含量非晶相的晶化行为依赖于合金成分；用2％的V，Zr，Nb元素分别部分替代x＝70和x＝75合金中Ti时，对非晶相形成范围的扩展没有明显的作用．     

非晶态Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5合金氧化和晶化过程研究

利用X射线衍射（XRD）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了在连续加热条件下非晶态Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5合金在空气中的氧化和晶化过程。结果表明，在450℃以下，非晶态Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5合金表面的ZrO2晶粒长大过程服从抛物线规律；当温度超过450℃时，由于非晶基体内部发生晶化过程，阻碍了表面氧化过程的发展，此时ZrO2晶粒大小满足线性规律，并给出了ZrO2晶粒尺寸与温度的函数表达式。非晶态Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5合金的晶化过程是先形成二十面体相，然后转变为稳定的晶化相。     

NiTiZrAICuSi块体非晶合金等温晶化动力学

利用铜型铸造法制备了Ni42Ti20Zr21．5A18Cu5Si3．5块体非晶合金，采用示差扫描量热计（DSC）对Ni42Ti20Zr21．5A18Cu5Si3．5块体非晶合金的等温晶化动力学进行了研究。利用JMA方程对等温晶化过程进行了分析，结果表明该合金的等温晶化过程始于一维界面控制的形核及长大，等温晶化的主要阶段为Avrami指数大于3．0的三雏形核和长大过程。     

Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料

根据Si3N4陶瓷钎焊性和非晶形成能力的要求，确定非晶钎料合金成分为Tj40Zr25Nj15Cu20；采用单辊熔体快淬法成功制备了箔带状Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20钎料合金，并通过X射线衍射、差热分析、电镜线扫描等分析手段证实其为非晶态。试验结果表明，Ti40Zr25Ni15Cu20合金其约化玻璃温度Trg=0．76，过冷液相区△Tx=78K。     

（Ni0.75Fe0.25）78Si10B12非晶合金非等温晶化动力学效应

采用旋铸急冷工艺在大气环境中制备出了（Ni0.75Fe0.25）78Si10B12非晶合金带材。X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明样品为完全非晶。用Diamond TG／DTA差热分析仪在高纯氩气保护下测量了非晶薄带的热稳定性参数Tg，Txi，Tpi并分析其晶化行为，加热速度分别为10K／min，20K／min，30K／min，40K／min。（Ni0.75Fe0.25）78Si10B12非晶合金的Tg，Txi，Tpi均随加热速率的增加而增加，说明其玻璃转变和晶化行为均有动力学效应。分别用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算该非晶合金的晶化激活能，2种方法的计算结果是一致的。对试样在通高纯氩气保护下，进行等温（695K，715K，745K，765K，保温60min）退火处理，利用XRD分析了非晶合金等温晶化时相转变及组织转变。合金在715K和745K温度退火时，在非晶基体上析出了单一的γ-（Fe，Ni）固溶体，平均晶粒尺寸分别约为10.3nm和18．5nm，765K退火处理后的结晶相为γ-（Fe，Ni），Fe2Si，Ni2Si和Fe3B，平均晶粒尺寸约29．6nm。     

Ti60Cu14Ni12Sn4Nb10合金等温退火过程中的相变研究

通过水冷铜模吸铸法制备出了Ti60 Cu14 Ni12Sn4 Nb10复相合金.对合金在不同温度下等温退火过程中的相转变及显微结构演化进行了研究.结果表明,该合金的显微组织主要由β-Ti枝晶相、纳米晶化相和少量非晶相组成.在450℃退火时,合金中有ω-Ti和面心立方结构的Ti形成;而在550℃退火时ω-Ti消失,同时由于非晶相发生了晶化,基体中有TiNi相析出,该晶化相在高于715℃时,转变为稳定的Ti2Ni相;当温度达到795℃时,合金中的β-Ti枝晶相转化为α-Ti.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.