Making Room for the River

Abstract

Problem, research strategy, and findings: In this study we analyze plan integration for flood resilience in the city of Nijmegen, the site of the largest Room for the River project in The Netherlands. Little is known about the degree to which local and regional plans are coordinated with the national Room for the River program or about the cumulative influence of plans on flood vulnerability. To effectively investigate these issues, we use and build upon the Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard (PIRS) concept and method, which analyzes the consistency and effects of networks of plans on community vulnerability. We expand the scope to include plans from multiple administrative scales and the focus to include environmental vulnerability. Using a three-phase evaluation process, we demonstrate that Room for the River policies are well integrated in Nijmegen’s network of plans, particularly with respect to flood safety and natural protection. However, we also find that policies at different administrative scales lack consistency in some places, some socially vulnerable neighborhoods receive comparatively little policy attention, and local plans often prioritize development over flood resilience, though higher tier plans sometimes make up for these policy gaps. Flood resilience is still finding its way in the Dutch planning system.

Takeaway for practice: The PIRS offers planning practitioners a method to assess how networks of plans influence community vulnerability and, as demonstrated in this analysis, to determine the degree to which plans at multiple administrative scales target the most physically, socially, and environmentally vulnerable geographic areas. It can be used to support the ambitious goals of a program like Room for the River and align them with local development priorities.     

防汛墙变形动态预测方法的研究

结合黄浦江行人隧道浦西竖井基坑工程,分别利用有限元动态施工反演分析方法和神经网络的方法,对由基坑开挖引起的防汛墙的变形进行了跟踪预报;计算结果表明神经网络的方法克服了反演分析方法的不足,综合考虑了黄浦江水位的变化对墙体变形的影响,从而达到有效控制防汛墙变形目的.     

黄河下游堤防非饱和土边坡稳定性分析

利用应力应变控制式非饱和土三轴仪进行了室内非饱和土的渗透试验和强度试验，并得出了非饱和土的渗透参数和强度参数。针对黄河下游堤防这一典型的非饱和土边坡，采用有限单元法系统地分析了堤防非饱和土边坡在降雨和洪水作用下的非饱和渗流场特征；在此基础上应用非饱和土坡的刚体极限平衡理论中的普通条分法对堤防边坡稳定性受非饱和渗流场变化影响的大小进行了分析与计算。结果表明，对黄河下游堤防的非饱和土边坡在降雨和洪水条件下的分析研究具有实际意义。     

机械式锯槽机成槽建墙施工技术在长江同马大堤加固工程中的应用

1998年“三江”大水过后,国家加大了对长江堤防治理的力度,我局利用自己研制的机械式锯槽机在堤防加固锯槽成墙方面的先进技术。成功地进入了长江市场。在施工过程中,我局以先进的技术,科学的管理,精心的施工,在第一期三个标段中首家保质保量完成了施工任务。工程竣工验收被评为“优质”工程。     

2D FLOODPLAIN MODELLING IN THE TIDAL THAMES — ADDRESSING THE RESIDUAL RISK

Over the course of history, development in and around London has encroached significantly into the River Thames floodplain. As a result, approximately 116 km² of heavily urbanised land between Teddington Weir and Dartford Creek is at risk of tidal flooding. This area is currently protected from overtopping for levels in excess of the 1:1000-year flood event by an integrated system of static and moveable defences. However, the residual risk due to the probability of defence failure (through breaching) and the resulting consequences of such a failure remains high.
To effectively manage this risk the Environment Agency needs to be able to prioritise investment in the defence system, predict probable flood extents as a result of a breach event, issue timely warnings and ensure that the response to an event is an appropriate one. Currently, this is not possible due to a distinct lack of information regarding the propagation of floodwaters through the complex urban topography in and around London.
This paper details a 2D floodplain modelling project, currently underway within the Environment Agency, which was initiated to address these issues. The paper highlights the constraints and problems associated with urban flood modelling, suggests potential solutions and outlines how this type of modelling system could be used to inform future flood risk management tools.     

山西省桃河阳泉站洪峰流量分析

对山西省阳泉市主要河流桃河的流域情况、暴雨洪水特征进行了简要阐述,并且结合历史调查洪水情况对桃河上的主要水文站阳泉站的洪峰流量系列进行了分析,分析结果表明桃河流域河道的防洪情况不容乐观。     

FLOOD ESTIMATION BY CONTINUOUS SIMULATION IN THE DON CATCHMENT, SOUTH YORKSHIRE, UK

An innovative technique has been used for flood estimation in a catchment study which was carried out for the Environment Agency. The River Don drains a large part of South Yorkshire. On its major tributaries (the Rivers Rother and Dearne), flow regulators and artificial washlands are used during extreme floods to delay and attenuate peak flows, allowing the peak on the Don to pass by first.
The flood hydrology of the Don catchment is therefore unusual and cannot be adequately represented by conventional methods such as those in the Flood Estimation Handbook. Instead, a 1000 year series of hourly rainfall was generated using a stochastic rainfall model. This was converted to flow data using a set of probability distributed moisture rainfall-runoff models; therefore, inflows for a hydraulic model were created. This eliminated the need to make assumptions about a design flood event, leading to more robust flood estimates throughout the Don catchment. This approach could prove to be applicable to other UK or overseas studies, particularly on large or complex catchments, or in solving joint probability problems.     

River Thames Flood Hydrology Design Curves

A quick method of defining design peak flows and hydrographs for any point on the River Thames between Days weir and Teddington is offered as a design tool for flood analysis. This paper presents the findings of a flood frequency and flood hydrograph analysis for the River Thames. The results were used in a hydraulic analysis of the river and its floodplain at Reading, but showed a wider application of the method on the river.     

赣州古城理水经验对“海绵城市”建设的启示

赣州古城选址于章、贡二江合流处,"凿址为隍,三面阻水",凭借"江河为池""龟背地形"等自然条件,因势利导,趋利避害,构建了"章、贡二江(环城段)-城壕-福寿沟-低洼水塘"的城市排蓄水体系统,代表了我国古代城市防洪御涝的一种传统模式。赣州古城水系的规划设计理念及营建经验,与当前我国"海绵城市"统筹建设的"源头控制系统、常规雨水径流蓄排系统以及超常规雨水径流蓄排系统"的系统组成,"灰绿互补"的雨水设施以及"蓄排结合"的雨洪控制理念高度吻合。剖析古代城市水系的营建智慧,总结值得当代人学习的思路和方法,对当前"海绵城市"的规划建设具有启示和借鉴意义。     

谈建筑物防洪防涝设计

针对近年来长江流域洪涝灾害频繁发生的实际,提出了建筑防洪防涝设计的概念。对洪涝灾害破坏建筑物的形式进行了分析,并在此基础上提出了建筑防洪防涝设计要点     

圣——盖博河谷走廊总体规划

圣一盖博河位于加州洛杉矶和橘郡境内．既流经景色优美的安吉勒斯国家森林公园．又通过混凝土水渠流经某些人口最为稠密的市区。圣一盖博河处于这一综合流域系统的核心,其作用主要为供水、防洪．为动植物提供适宜的栖息地、为居民提供定的开放空间和休闲娱乐场所．使93000m长的河谷走廊两侧的19座城市为之受益。圣一盖博河的总体规划是连接这些辖区和各种功能的纽带．为最大限度地开发利用这条河流的各种资源提供了总体框架。     

苏州河防汛墙景观规划研究

防汛墙不仅是保障河流防汛安全的功能性设施,同时也是重要的景观要素。不同的防汛墙形式对城市岸线的构成与滨水景观的形成,将具有完全不同的效果。主要对苏州河沿线防汛墙形式与滨水断面的设计,以及滨水景观的营造进行了研究。     

汾河下游防洪工程环境影响及保护方案分析

对汾河下游防洪工程对环境的影响及当前存在的主要问题进行了有针对性的分析,确定了施工期间应注意的问题,并提出了环境保护的方案,以提高汾河下游河道的防洪能力,促进区域经济持续健康稳定的发展。     

The Los Angeles River Reimagined: 51 Miles of Connected Public Open Space

The concrete channel of the Los Angeles (LA) River is probably one of the most recognizable rivers in the world. Channelized to manage the risk of flooding as the Los Angeles region urbanized, the river today is an architectural and engineering feat in the eyes of some people but an ecological disaster to others. The river flows adjacent to 17 cities and among some of the most environmentally burdened, park poor, and underserved communities of LA County. With over 2,300 acres of largely publicly owned land within the river right-of-way, a reimagined LA River can impact the lives of the one million people that live within a mile of the river. The LA River Master Plan, led by Los Angeles County and scheduled to be completed in fall 2021, proposes 51 miles of connected public open space with multi-benefit projects supporting nine goals ranging from flood resilience to housing affordability, to ecological function, and to arts, education, and culture. The data-based plan for the next 25 years includes a watershed-wide research effort to document and understand water quality, water conservation, and flood risk in relation to environmental and social issues. The plan includes traditional and innovative strategies within a “kit of parts,” interventions that include over 65 components ranging from habitat bridges to dry arroyo side channels demonstrating opportunities for enhancing ecosystem services to create a thriving urban habitat and connected network of parks along the river.     

川气东送管道青弋江爬堤开挖穿越方案报建技巧

详细介绍了川气东送管道工程在青弋江主汛期进行爬堤开挖穿越前地方报建的技巧,重点阐述了青弋江爬堤开挖穿越主汛期地方报建的思路、方式和方法,分析了主汛期地方报建的特点,介绍了应对策略及策略实施效果,以指导今后同类项目报建工作。     

郑州黄河公铁两用桥主桥第一联钢梁架设技术研究

郑州黄河公铁两用桥是目前世界上最长的公铁两用桥梁。其主桥第一联为(121+5×168+121)m六塔单索面钢桁结合梁斜拉桥,采用无断面联结系、无上平联的三主桁斜边桁空间桁架形式,结构新颖,施工难度大。由于其顶推长度长、重量重、跨度大等,经对架设方案的分析、研究和比较后,最终确定第一联钢桁梁采用多点同步顶推方法施工。该方案减少了高空作业和水上作业,有利于保证钢梁架设的安全、质量和施工进度,同时取消了常规方案中在黄河主河槽内设置的大型临时墩,既保证了施工期内黄河渡汛,又减少了后期河道的清理工作,经济效益和社会效益显著。     

浅谈深圳市木古河综合整治工程可行性研究

木古河已变为典型的深圳城市河流之一,现状行洪断面不足,水质污染严重,河道空间受挤压。本文通过对防洪排涝、水质改善、景观绿化工程的可行性分析,对木古河进行了综合整治建设,以达到“河畅、水清、岸绿”的效果。     

石家庄市滹沱河生态防洪规划的启示

在我国，防洪规划一般都是由水利部门编制，其主要目的在于确保排洪安全。以石家庄市滹沱河为例，探讨了多学科合作，编制科学合理的生态性的防洪规划，并分析了我国现阶段滨水地带性建设可持续发展的途径。     

Investigative modelling of the flood bypass channel in Kuching,Sarawak, by assessing its impact on the inundations of Kuching-Batu Kawa-Bau Expressway

Flood risks not only include loss of human lives and properties, but also the transportation and communication. One major road in Kuching, the Kuching-Batu Kawa-Bau Expressway is often flooded and interrupted by floodwaters from Sarawak River. The Sarawak State Government had announced to build a flood bypass channel in Sarawak River to mitigate flood under the Ninth Malaysian Plan. This paper is a study on the effects of the structure in the flooding of the mentioned road stretch. The January 2004 event which is locally known as a 100-year flood, was run through a developed river model incorporated with the bypass facilities. The model had indicated a reduction of 53% of flooded road. Similarly, modelling of 10 and 50-year design floods had predicted over 50% of reduction. The bypass channel was said to be able to alleviate the flooding on the major road stretch.     

谈清涟河河道防洪治理的必要性

结合清涟河现状及水文地质条件，分析了对该河河道进行防洪治理的必要性，并提出了相应的治理思路和方案及治理目标，以期指导实践，改善清涟河生态环境，提高其防洪能力。