A GBMO-based PIλDμ controller for vibration mitigation of seismic-excited structures

The advantages of fractional-order proportional–integral–derivative (FOPID) controllers in terms of flexibility, robustness against model uncertainties and good disturbance rejection, are good motivations to use them for vibration mitigation of seismic-excited structures. The application of the FOPID controller for adjusting the control force of an active tuned mass damper (ATMD) for seismic control a building is studied in this paper. Gases Brownian motion optimization (GBMO) algorithm is employed for optimal tuning of parameters of the FOPID and PID controllers. Evaluation of the frequency responses of the structure for uncontrolled and controlled cases shows that PID and FOPID controllers are very effective for the seismic control of structures. For further investigation, the performance of the FOPID controller in the reduction of seismic responses of the building in four well-known earthquake excitations is compared with those provided by the PID, linear–quadratic regulator (LQR) and fuzzy logic control (FLC). Simulation results show that the PID and LQR controllers provide the same performance in reducing the maximum top floor displacement of the structure. Moreover, the FLC and FOPID controllers demonstrate a superior performance in seismic control of the structure. The FLC is able to reduce the maximum displacements of all stories for all studied earthquakes. However, the proposed FOPID controller is able to provide a better performance in comparison with the FLC. In average, the FOPID controller mitigates the seismic responses of the structure as much as 29%, 27% and 15% better than the LQR, PID controller and FLC.     

基于状态微分控制算法的空间结构主动振动控制分析

对于主动振动控制器的设计,传统的控制算法以速度和位移作为系统的输入量,但速度和位移难以观测,给实际应用带来了较大的误差.本文在振动状态空间方程的基础上,对其进行矩阵运算,形成以加速度为系统输入的状态微分反馈控制方程.构造具有约束条件的目标函数,根据Lagrange乘子法和泛函极值运算确定了状态反馈矩阵和状态反馈估计值,从而构造了闭环的状态微分控制算法.根据此算法对一直径为1m的环形空间结构进行了振动控制仿真,利用时域内的模态参数识别方法,对控制效果进行了评价,并以三层剪切型框架结构为对象,对状态微分控制算法和传统的LQR算法进行了控制效果的对比分析.结果表明,利用状态微分控制算法在空间结构上的振动控制是可行的,且减振效果明显,同时优于传统的LQR控制算法.     

Optimal control of structures under earthquake excitation based on the colonial competitive algorithm

The active control of engineering structures is one of the best methods to reduce structural responses under seismic excitation for the best performance of structures. This study presents an effective approach for the optimal control of structures under strong ground motion using the colonial competitive algorithm. The colonial competitive algorithm was developed over the last few years in an attempt to overcome the inherent limitations of traditional optimize method. The colonial competitive algorithm has been applied due to its ideal performance in optimal control problem. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed method have been investigated through two numerical examples for the response control of earthquake‐excited structures. The obtained results have been compared with the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control algorithm, and the performance of the proposed control approach has been found to be better than the LQR controller. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Support vector machine based semi‐active control of structures: a new control strategy

The present paper presents the support vector machine (SVM)‐based semi‐active control algorithm used for designing general dampers for multistorey structures under earthquakes. First, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller for the numerical model of a multistorey structure formulated using the dynamic dense method is obtained by using the classic LQR control theory. Then, a SVM model is designed and trained to emulate the performance of the LQR controller. Likewise, this SVM model comprises the observers and controllers of the control system. Finally, in accordance with the features of general semi‐active dampers, a SVM‐based semi‐active control strategy is put forward. More specifically, an online auto‐feedback semi‐active control strategy is developed and then realized by resorting to SVM. In order to numerically verify the control effectiveness of the present control strategy, the time history analysis has been implemented to a structure with general dampers designed by the SVM‐based semi‐active control algorithm. In numerical simulations, four seismic waves including the El Centro, Hachinohe and Kobe waves, as well as the Shanghai artificial wave, whose peak ground accelerations are all scaled to 0.1 g, are taken into consideration. Comparative results demonstrate that general semi‐active dampers designed using the SVM‐based semi‐active control algorithm is capable of providing higher level of response reduction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自适应模糊PID控制器的研究

除了开／关控制,常规PID控制器是HVAC系统现场控制中应用最为广泛最基本的控制器,但对于非线性、时变的系统,常规的PID控制则很难达到满意的控制效果。本文提出了自适应模糊PID控制器模型,可以根据系统误差和误差变化率不断对PID控制器的输出进行在线调整。以某空调房间温度控制系统为研究对象,对自适应模糊PID控制器和常规PID控制器进行了对比。计算结果表明,自适应模糊PID控制器具有良好的动、静态性能,并且鲁棒性较强。     

基于LQR控制算法的输电塔风振控制研究

采用谐波叠加法,模拟了输电塔塔顶脉动风速时程曲线及风荷载时程.介绍了LQR控制算法的原理,利用MATLAB语言编制了LQR控制算法的程序,并对一输电塔模型结构在风荷载作用下的控制效果进行分析,结果表明,LQR控制方法可以有效地减小输电塔的风振响应,说明LQR控制方法是一种比较理想的减震方法.     

自适应PID控制算法及应用

本文给出了一种自适应PID控制器的设计方法,并用MCS—51系列单片微机实现了这种控制方法。这种控制器具有如下特点:1)实现了控制器参数的在线自动整定;2)与常规PID控制器有相同的结构;3)采用单片微机实现了控制算法,实用性强,可靠性好。     

Optimal tuning of fuzzy parameters for structural motion control using multiverse optimizer

In recent years, there is an increasing interest in optimization of structural control algorithms. Fuzzy logic controller is one of the most common and versatile control algorithms that is generally formulated based on the human knowledge and expert. Human knowledge and experience do not yield optimal control responses for a given structure, and tuning of the fuzzy parameters is necessary. This paper focuses on the optimization of a fuzzy controller applied to a seismically excited nonlinear building. In the majority of cases, this problem is formulated based on the linear behavior of the structure; however, in this paper, objective functions and the evaluation criteria are considered with respect to the nonlinear responses of the structures. Multiverse optimizer is a novel nature‐inspired optimization algorithm that is based on the three concepts of cosmology as white hole, black hole, and wormhole. This algorithm has fast convergence rate and can be utilized in continuous and discrete optimization problems. In this paper, the multiverse optimizer is considered as the optimization algorithm for optimization of the fuzzy controller. The performance of the selected algorithm is compared with eight different optimization algorithms. The results prove that the selected algorithm is able to provide very competitive results.     

Power flow control model of energy storage connected to smart grid in unbalanced conditions: a GSA-technique-based assessment

A gravitational search algorithm (GSA)-based power flow control (PFC) model for energy storage related to smart grid under unbalance conditions is proposed in this paper. Source side and load side power transfer capability is considered to be increased by this proposed algorithm and it offers several conveniences such as the improved predicting capability, degradation in complexity as well as the randomization and so on. The smart grid incorporates the combination of the microgrid (MG) such as renewable energy sources, energy storage devices, grid and load. Here, a renewable energy source of the photovoltaic (PV) system and energy storage of fuel cell (FC) is considered and AC load is utilized. In the proposed method, the controller parameters of the power controller are optimized by the GSA technique based on the variation of active and reactive power of the system. The better power flow under unbalanced load conditions with subject to the minimum power variation is ensured by the optimization process. The proper control signals to the voltage source inverter (VSI) system are generated by this proposed method. Then, the proposed method is implemented using the MATLAB/Simulink platform and a comparison analysis with the existing techniques presents the performance of the proposed method.     

基于主动控制的并联基础隔震体系隔震层参数优选

提出了一种基于主动控制算法优选双线性并联基础隔震体系隔震层参数的方法。该方法是把并联基础隔震体系隔震层替换为主动控制作动器和只具有纯刚度的橡胶垫,利用主动控制算法——线性二次型经典最优控制算法计算主动最优控制力,求出受控结构隔震层处的层间刚度和层间阻尼比;并使并联基础隔震体系隔震层的等效刚度和等效阻尼比在数值上与之对应相等,利用双线性滞回曲线模型即可推导出隔震层的2个参数（回复刚度和屈服剪力系数）。为了验证该方法,对一工程实例进行了仿真分析,结果表明,该方法是可行的。     

地震作用下建筑结构的分散控制研究

对地震作用下建筑结构的振动控制方法进行研究,指出传统的集中控制策略在高层结构控制器设计中的局限性,阐述采用分散控制策略进行控制器设计的必要性及适用性.基于经典最优控制算法原理,导出两种分散控制算法--分散次优控制(Decentralized Sub-Optimal Control,DSOC)算法及分散经典最优控制(Decentralized Classic 0Dtimal Control,DCOC)算法.引入多市场概念,提出基于多市场机制的控制(Multi-Market Based Control,MMBC)算法并应用于高层结构分散控制中.对一高层受控结构进行数值计算与分析,结果表明采用分散控制策略与集中控制策略一样能有效地抑制结构振动反应,相对于集中控制的单一失效分散控制使系统的可靠性更强;显示MMBC算法较DSOC与DCOC算法具有参数选取简便、控制效果显著等优点,能较好地适用于高层结构分散控制器设计.     

Neural network control for earthquake structural vibration reduction using MRD

Structural safety of building particularly that are intended for exposure to strong earthquake loads are designed and equipped with high technologies of control to ensure as possible as its protection against this brutal load. One of these technologies used in the protection of structures is the semi-active control using a Magneto Rheological Damper device. But this device need an adequate controller with a robust algorithm of current or tension adjustment to operate which is further discussed in the following of this paper. In this study, a neural network controller is proposed to control the MR damper to eliminate vibrations of 3-story scaled structure exposed to Tōhoku 2011 and Boumerdès 2003 earthquakes. The proposed controller is derived from a linear quadratic controller designed to control an MR damper installed in the first floor of the structure. Equipped with a feedback law the proposed control is coupled to a clipped optimal algorithm to adapt the current tension required to the MR damper adjustment. To evaluate the performance control of the proposed design controller, two numerical simulations of the controlled structure and uncontrolled structure are illustrated and compared.     

磁流变阻尼器半主动控制算法研究及仿真分析

对基于LQR的四种典型的半主动控制算法,以及Passive-off,Passive-on和LQR算法与无控工况下的结构进行了仿真分析比较,研究了半主动控制算法对结构振动的控制效果,并选择其中控制效果较好的半主动控制算法作为后面所采用的控制算法,考察了半主动控制力对主动控制力的跟踪和实现程度。     

Wavelet PSO‐Based LQR Algorithm for Optimal Structural Control Using Active Tuned Mass Dampers

This study presents a new method to find the optimal control forces for active tuned mass damper. The method uses three algorithms: discrete wavelet transform (DWT), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and linear quadratic regulator (LQR). DWT is used to obtain the local energy distribution of the motivation over the frequency bands. PSO is used to determine the gain matrices through the online update of the weighting matrices used in the LQR controller while eliminating the trial and error. The method is tested on a 10‐story structure subject to several historical pulse‐like near‐fault ground motions. The results indicate that the proposed method is more effective at reducing the displacement response of the structure in real time than conventional LQR controllers.     

极限工况下泵控马达系统自适应模糊控制

泵控马达系统在高温下持续工作时,系统模型失配,采用常规PID控制器系统动态特性差升对该问题提出了采用自适应模糊PID控制来改善系统动态性能。分析了高温下系统特征参数和自适应莫糊PID控制器的设计方法。仿真结果表明,自适应模糊PID控制器较常规PID控制器具有更快的响应睁性和良好的动态特性,对模型失配表现出更强的适应性和鲁棒性。     

WPT模态控制算法在空间结构振动控制上的应用

针对复杂结构自由度庞大、频率密集的特点,引入了小波包分解对传统的模态半主动控制算法进行改进,提出了WPT模态半主动控制算法。通过在一体育场挑篷结构上进行的数值仿真结果表明:WPT控制算法在竖向地震激励下可以有效减小结构的地震响应,其对峰值反应的控制效果比传统模态控制算法有所改进。由于WPT模态控制算法中控制方程的维数较少,因而具有更好的实用性和工程应用前景。     

Development of an adaptive Smith predictor-based self-tuning PI controller for an HVAC system in a test room

This paper presents an adaptive Smith predictor-based self-tuning PI controller and its application to the air-conditioning system of a test room. The significant time delay of air-conditioning processes can lead to degradation of performance and instability of the control loop. The parameters of air-conditioning processes vary due to the changes in the operation conditions. By using a recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm combined with a z-domain fitting method, the parameters of the air-conditioning process in the closed loop including time delay can be estimated online. Based on the estimated dead-time, a Smith predictor, which uses a reference model, is adopted to reduce the unfavorable effects of the time delay in the air-conditioning system. Based on the predicted error and estimated values, the control signal of the control loop is calculated by a self-tuning PI controller using ITAE tuning rules. The performance, robustness and effectiveness of the proposed control method are validated in the experimental platform. The corresponding performance of the proposed control method is compared with an adaptive PI controller. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed strategy achieves better performance compared with the adaptive PI controller considering the effects of set-point changes, parameter variations or load disturbances in HVAC systems.     

基于被控对象部分知识的自整定PID算法

论述了基于控制对象动态特性部分知识的控制系统设计的原理,得到了整定PID控制器参数的方法．在此基础上,利用系统辩识获得的系统传递函数的系统,设计了一种自整定PID控制方法．通过一个实例说明,利用该方法得到的控制系统具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒性．这种方案可普遍应用于对各种实际系统的控制之中．     

基于改进PSO-BP的模糊PID烧结炉温度控制

采用改进粒子群算法整定优化PID参数,并在反馈回路中加入BP神经网络预测下一时刻温度,将超前温度信息作为改进粒子群算法适应度函数参数,提前调整PID控制器参数,从而给出超前的控制,以此来减弱烧结炉温度变化的滞后性.通过模糊推理在温度控制过程中在线调整PID控制器参数,加强温度控制的跟随性.试验结果表明,与传统PID控制...     

Optimal wide-area hybrid fuzzy controller to enhance the stability in power system

To stabilise power oscillation, power system stabilizer is often used as an effective device to enhance the damping of electromechanical oscillations in power systems. This device is working with small-signal stability, which is often applied as part of excitation control system. Different methods have been proposed to demonstrate the effectiveness of remote signals application in increasing damping of power system. In this paper, we used both local and remote signals control based on fuzzy controller and wide-area control, respectively. Accordingly, Takagi Sugeno controller based an intelligent algorithm and clustering algorithm is optimised. A global signal from the centralised controller is employed in wide-area control scheme to damp out the inter-area mode as well as local mode of oscillations. To demonstrate the capability of proposed strategy, three case studies have been used in this paper. The results obtained demonstrate the validity of the proposed model.