金属有机框架及其衍生金属氧化物在锂和钠离子电池中的应用

高性能锂和钠离子电池是未来便携电子设备、电动汽车和大规模储能电站的重要组成部分,受到了各行业的广泛关注。目前商用的锂离子电池和研发中的钠离子电池都面临着一些技术瓶颈,主要表现为能量密度低、充放电慢等,导致无法满足市场的需求。具有独特结构、高比表面积的金属有机框架及其衍生金属氧化物可作为电化学储能器件新型电极材料,满足高性能锂和钠离子电池的要求。本文综述了近年来金属有机框架及其衍生金属氧化物作为锂和钠离子电池电极材料的研究进展,同时指出了金属有机框架及其衍生金属氧化物在实际应用中的不足及未来可能的一些改进措施。     

Research progress of carbon-based lithium ion capacitor

新能源体系的建设和电子设备的飞速发展对储能器件提出了更高的要求,即要求其同时兼具较高的能量密度和功率密度。锂离子电容器（LIC）是一种基于锂离子电池（LIB）和超级电容器（EDLC）双重储能机制的储能器件,兼具超级电容器良好的功率特性和锂离子电池较高的能量密度,有望应用于混合动力汽车、轨道交通、智能电网、能源工程等领域。从锂离子电容器未来的产业化角度出发,炭材料因为资源丰富、制备简单和廉价易得是锂离子电容器的首选材料。本文综述了活性炭等正极炭材料、石墨等负极炭材料、电解液以及锂离子电容器工艺方面的研究进展,并对锂离子电容器未来的发展方向和发展前景作出了展望。     

ZnMn2O4/milk-derived Carbon hybrids with enhanced Lithium storage capability

One of the effective ways to improve the conductivity and structural stability of binary metal oxide nanostructures is to tightly composite them with nano-carbon materials with excellent conductivity. However, the introduction of low density carbon materials also reduces the energy density of batteries. Therefore, we provides a new idea to enhance the lithium storage performance of carbon/binary transition metal oxide anode materials by multi-element co-doping carbon. ZnMn₂O₄ provides high lithium storage capacity; non-metallic heteroatoms in milk-derived carbon greatly improve the conductivity of carbon materials; metal heteroatoms in milk-derived carbon increase the density of carbon materials. Multicomponent co-doping carbon can build up the mass specific capacity, ratio performance, cyclic life and mechanical properties of binary metal oxides/porous carbon nanocomposites. As the anode materials of lithium-ion batteries, the ZnMn₂O₄/MC (milk-derived carbon) hybrids deliver a high reversible capacity of 1352 mAh g⁻¹ after 400 cycles at 0.1 A g⁻¹, and a remarkable long-term cyclability with 635 mAh g⁻¹ after 300 cycles at 1.0 A g⁻¹.     

Multiporous core-shell structured MnO@N-Doped carbon towards high-performance lithium-ion batteries

It is imminently to seek for high energy density in addition to a sensational lifetime of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to meet growing requisition in the energy storage application. Anode containing metal oxide composite is being thoroughly investigated for their higher capacity than that of the commercial graphite. A multiporous core-shell structured metal oxide composite anode possessing the excellent capacity and superb lifespan for LIBs is designed. In detail, metal oxide (i.e., MnO) is encapsulated in N-doped carbon shell (MnO@N–C) via coprecipitation-annealing technique. During annealing, abundant void space among MnO cores/between MnO cores and N–C shells is obtained. This space can efficaciously buffer volume changes of MnO upon cycles. Benefiting from the unique structure and heteroatom doping, the capacity of MnO@N–C microcube anode exhibits 576 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹ with an ultra-long lifespan more than 3500 cycles. The connection between the electrode characteristics and structure is concurrently examined by adopting kinetic analysis. Finally, a full lithium-ion battery is presented, applying the MnO@N–C (anode) and Nick-rich layered oxide (cathode). It is believed that structural designing with heteroatom doping can be utilized in vaster fields for superior capabilities.     

Research progress on Si/C composites as anode for lithium ion batteries

硅基负极材料具有比容量高、电压平台低、环境友好、资源丰富等优点,有望替代石墨负极应用于下一代高比能锂离子电池。但是硅的导电性较差,且在充放电过程中存在巨大的体积效应,极易导致电极极化、材料粉化、SEI膜重构、库仑效率低和容量持续衰减。硅和碳复合能很好地综合两者的优势,形成结构稳定、循环性好及容量高的负极材料。本文从不同维度的硅（SiNPs、SiNTs/SiNWs、SiNFs、Bulk Si）与碳复合这一角度,综述了硅碳复合材料在结构设计、制备工艺、电化学性能等方面的最新研究进展,并对未来的硅碳复合材料的研究工作进行了展望。     

高能量密度锂离子电芯设计开发策略

提高单体电芯能量密度是锂离子电池重要的发展方向.提高锂离子电芯能量密度的主要途径包括开发高比容量和高放电电压平台正极材料、高比容量负极材料、高适用性电解液、选择合适的电芯类型、开发具有高黏结性的黏结剂及优良的导电剂等.另外也可通过适当地改善正负极配方来提高活性材料的有效占比以达到提高电芯能量密度的目的.本文概括总结了高...     

薄膜锂离子电池负极材料的研究进展

全固态薄膜锂离子电池是锂离子电池的最新研究领域,其能量密度高、厚度薄、循环寿命长、可靠度高。薄膜化的负极材料是锂离子电池的重要组成部分,负极薄膜材料制备方法的研究取得了较大的进展,未来研究重点是低成本、低能耗、高综合电化学性能的负极薄膜材料以及可批量生产的薄膜制备技术。对薄膜化的硅负极材料、金属或合金薄膜材料、氧化物薄膜材料和复合薄膜材料近几年来的研究状况进行了综述,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

Research on key materials for potassium ion batteries

钾具有资源丰富、价格低廉以及较低的电化学电势的特点,利用其开发的钾离子电池具有低成本、长寿命、能量密度高等特点,可满足储能领域需要。然而,钾离子半径大和质量大,给电池电极材料与电解质材料开发提出新的挑战。近年来,在电动汽车与储能应用等重大需求的牵引下,人们对钾离子电池的高容量电极材料和电解液进行了大量的研究工作。其中普鲁士蓝及其类似物、过渡金属氧化物和聚阴离子材料等正极材料展现了应用前景;负极材料主要包括碳基、钛基和合金类材料;电解质材料有酯类电解质和醚类电解质,这些研究成果为钾离子电池的基础与应用研究提供了重要的指导意义。     

Research progress of the electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors

超级电容器是一种利用界面双电层储能或在电极材料表面及近表面发生快速可逆氧化还原反应而储能的装置,因其高比功率和长循环寿命等特点而具有广阔的应用前景,高性能电极材料是当前超级电容器研究的重点.本文简单介绍了超级电容器电极材料的分类,并对碳素材料,过渡金属氧化物,导电聚合物等三类超级电容器电极材料及其复合材料的研究进展进行了简单论述.     

Recent research progress of metal compounds as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries

钠离子电池具有钠资源存储丰富、价格低廉等优点,是一种极具发展前景的储能装置,因此成为当下研究热点。钠离子电池的电化学性能主要取决于正负极材料。但是,钠离子较大的半径使其在电极材料中可逆地嵌入/脱出更为困难。而金属化合物材料作为储钠负极材料时,遵循转化反应机制,并表现出较高的理论比容量,因而受到研究人员的广泛关注。本文综述了金属氧化物、金属硫化物、金属磷化物等几种金属化合物负极材料的储钠机制和研究进展,探讨了金属化合物材料的储钠性能,阐明了金属化合物作为理想的储钠负极材料的优势,最后对金属化合物材料的研究前景进行了展望。     

Thermal safety studies of high energy density lithium-ion batteries under different states of charge

The popularity of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles has promoted the increase of its energy density, and battery cathode and anode materials have developed rapidly in recent years. As the next generation of material systems, high-nickel-content Li-Ni-Co-Mn oxide cathode and high-silicon-content Si-C anode material systems have a high potential for further application. However, safety is a key indicator for their use in traction batteries. We thus conducted a thermal safety analysis of the pouch cells of such a system for different states of charge and revealed the key factors for the thermal safety evolution of batteries by analyzing the morphology and thermal stability of cathodes and anodes.     

Electrostatic spray deposition of porous Fe2O3 thin films as anode material with improved electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries

Iron oxide materials are attractive anode materials for lithium-ion batteries for their high capacity and low cost compared with graphite and most of other transition metal oxides. Porous carbon-free α-Fe₂O₃ films with two types of pore size distribution were prepared by electrostatic spray deposition, and they were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy. The 200 °C-deposited thin film exhibits a high reversible capacity of up to 1080 mAh g⁻¹, while the initial capacity loss is at a remarkable low level (19.8%). Besides, the energy efficiency and energy specific average potential (E_av) of the Fe₂O₃ films during charge/discharge process were also investigated. The results indicate that the porous α-Fe₂O₃ films have significantly higher energy density than Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ while it has a similar E_av of about 1.5 V. Due to the porous structure that can buffer the volume changes during lithium intercalation/de-intercalation, the films exhibit stable cycling performance. As a potential anode material for high performance lithium-ion batteries that can be applied on electric vehicle and energy storage, rate capability and electrochemical performance under high-low temperatures were also investigated.     

Research progress on cathode materials for high energy density lithium ion batteries

便携式电子设备的微型化、轻量化与电动汽车、电网储能设备的飞速发展,对高能量密度的锂离子电池的研发和性能表现提出了越来越高的要求。锂离子电池正极材料是锂离子电池的核心,其提供锂离子并参与电化学反应,因此改善正极材料性能是提高锂离子电池能量密度的关键。人们需要进一步研究开发成本较低、安全性更好的高能量密度新型锂离子电池正极材料。本文主要从提升正极材料的比容量和工作电压两方面介绍三元、富锂锰基材料和高电位镍锰酸锂等高比能量正极材料的介尺度结构设计、制备与性能调控研发进展。     

Improved lithium-ion batteries and their communication with hydrogen power

Self-contained power supplies and energy storage continue to improve. The criteria that determine their development include efficiency, safety, adaptability, modifiability, and a number of others. In this work, one of the ways to improve the lithium-ion battery by using a new negative electrode is considered. The possibilities of applicability of the improved lithium-ion battery are discussed, its advantages and disadvantages in relation to a hydrogen fuel cell and power sources using hydrogen fuel are considered. The study of the functioning of the new anode, the material of which is a two-layer silicene on a nickel substrate, is carried out at the atomic level. Improvement of the anode characteristics can be achieved by subjecting it to the neutron doping. Li-ion batteries with an improved anode will have higher charging capacity and power, faster charging and improved safety.     

Research progress on capacitive lithium-ion battery

锂离子电池具有高的能量密度,而超级电容器则以高功率密度和长循环寿命为突出优势。电容型锂离子电池是在锂离子电池的正极中加入部分电容炭材料,在不显著降低能量密度的情况下,大幅度改善锂离子电池的功率特性和循环寿命,从而实现电容与电池技术的融合。本文综述了国内外近年来在电容型锂离子电池领域的最新研究进展,介绍了主要的电容型锂离子电池体系及其性能特点,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Economic analysis for room-temperature sodium-ion battery technologies

随着人们对新能源和环境的重视,锂离子电池的应用逐渐扩展到电动汽车和储能领域,这势必增加了锂资源的使用和消耗.在锂资源日益紧缺的形势下,锂离子电池原材料成本必然难以降低,使其在大规模储能中的应用受到限制.而室温钠离子电池由于其资源丰富,成本低,能量转换效率高,循环寿命长,维护费用低等诸多优势已成为目前研究的热点.本文对室温钠离子电池材料选择和原材料成本进行了分析,并与当前常用的锂离子电池体系进行对比,从电池经济性角度表明室温钠离子电池是大规模储能领域的优秀备选电池.     

Analysis for the applications of lithium titanate battery in the MW-class energy storage systems

相对于传统型的锂离子电池,钛酸锂电池具有充放电响应速度快、倍率特性好、寿命长等优点,但钛酸锂电池单位容量的成本较高。本文从储能系统应用需求层面分析典型功率型储能系统对电池倍率和容量的要求,结合钛酸锂电池的特点,得出高倍率的钛酸锂电池应用于功率型储能系统相对于能量型锂电池,可以大幅度减少电池配置数量的结论,因此可发挥钛酸锂电池的竞争优势。     

In-situ synthesis of two-dimensional sheet-like MoO2/NPC@rGO as advanced anode for alkali metal ion batteries

MoO₂ anode displays excellent potential in the alkali ion batteries owing to its large capacity, high conductivity and stability. However, exploiting the stable and high performance MoO₂ anode endowed with triple roles for the storage of lithium/sodium/potassium ions is still a challenge. Herein, a two-dimensional sheet-like MoO₂/NPC@rGO composites were in-situ synthesized and utilized as anode materials for alkali metal ion batteries. Applied as an anode in lithium ion batteries (LIBs), superior cycling capability and rate performance were obtained, which kept a large reversible capacity of 1233.1 mAh/g in the 200th cycle at 100 mA/g. Impressively, it displayed superior long cycling performance over 1000 cycles with a 249.5 mAh/g capacity at a high current density of 10 A/g. Simultaneously, MoO₂/NPC@rGO displayed enhanced electrochemical performance both in sodium and potassium ion batteries (NIBs/KIBs). Furthermore, the ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results verified the reversible reaction during Li⁺ insertion-extraction process. The improved energy storage properties were attributed to the typical two dimensional structure and synergistic effects between various constituents, which suppressed the volume change, created more active sites, increased the conductivity and facilitated reaction kinetics. More significantly, our design provides a simple and green route to synthesize transition metal oxide anode and promote their applications in energy storage devices.     

Recent progress in electrode materials for aqueous lithium-ion batteries

水系锂离子电池是以水溶液为电解质的二次电池,它克服了传统有机体系电池电解液昂贵,有毒,易燃,离子电导率低,制作成本高等缺点,成为继风能,太阳能后最具发展潜力的绿色能源之一.本文归纳了近年来国内外水系锂离子电池正负极材料的研究进展,介绍了各种电极材料存在的主要问题(如电极材料在电解液中的溶解,电解液中质子活性大导致电极材料发生副反应等)以及改性方法,并提出对电极材料进行修饰是水系锂离子电池未来的发展趋势.     

Recent progress of electrode materials for room-temperature sodium-ion stationary batteries

随着风能、太阳能等可再生能源的不断发展,储能作为影响其发展的关键技术越来越受到人们的关注。在储能领域,锂离子电池以高能量密度、长循环寿命、高电压等诸多优点在电子领域已得到广泛的应用,并成为未来电动汽车动力电池的最佳选择。但因锂资源储量有限、分布不均匀,而且原材料成本比较高,所以锂离子电池在电网大规模储能方面的应用遇到了瓶颈。与锂相比,钠不但具有与锂相似的物理化学性质,更具有资源丰富、分布广泛、原料成本低廉等优势。近些年室温钠离子电池再次引起了人们的研究兴趣,特别是在电网储能方面表现出极大的应用潜力。虽然目前已报道了多种钠离子电池电极材料,但大都离实用化以及进一步产业化尚有一定的距离。本文重点介绍一些性能较为突出的室温钠离子电池电极材料,并指出要实现钠离子电池的产业化,需要开发空气中稳定、高安全、高容量、高倍率、循环稳定、低成本的新型正、负极材料。