储能技术发展概况研究

我国能源建设面临的主要问题有人均能源储备量少,能源开发利用设备和技术落后,环境污染严重等。因此,研究价值高、应用前景广阔的储能技术,已受到科技界和企业界的密切关注,成为国际能源界研究的热点之一。储能方式主要有物理储能、化学储能、电磁储能和相变储能四大类型,其中物理储能包括抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能、飞轮储能及高温熔岩等;化学储能包括铅酸、锂离子、钠硫和液流等电池储能;电磁储能包括超级电容储能、超导储能和超级电池;相变储能包括蓄热和蓄冷储能等。对储能技术进行分类介绍,对其工作原理、技术现状、发展前景及优缺点进行了讨论,为进一步研究储能技术提供参考。     

炼油企业全局能量优化中的储运系统节能

中国炼油企业新一轮节能是以热出料为契机,从各个装置节能走向系统全局的能量优化。热出料、原油管输化、成品油在线调合等技术的发展,大大减少了中间物流、原油和成品油的储运需求。在此新的背景下,将储运子系统优化与全局能量优化结合起来,在以科学用能和炯经济学为基础的三环节理论的指导下,提出了储量最小化、储存工艺参数最优化和选择适宜的加热方式的储运节能三原则。在此基础上,用低温热替代维温蒸汽,可使能耗进一步降低。为储运系统深入节能提供了理论基础和技术途径。     

国内储能技术应用进展

储能是智能电网、可再生能源接入、分布式发电、微网以及电动汽车发展不可或缺的支撑环节,但其产业链尚不成熟,特别是一些关键技术的开发还难以满足整个新能源产业的发展需要。分析了我国储能技术在发展中存在的主要问题、发展方向与政策支持,虽然各类储能技术不断实现突破,但短时期内还将存在“多种储能技术并存,共同发展”的格局,重点讨论了机械储能、电磁储能和电化学储能的特点和应用场合。目前国内有多家企业都在研制开发和应用这些新能源储能电池,对各类储能技术应用进展情况进行了介绍。     

目前可行的热能储存技术之比较

目前,中国电网的“峰谷差”问题十分严重,本文就四种主要的蓄能技术：抽水蓄能、压缩空气蓄能、蓄热、蓄冷进行简单的介绍和比较,并评价不同技术路线之间的优劣.通过分析可知,抽水蓄能受到地理条件的限制;压缩空气蓄能系统启动时间短;水蓄热电锅炉系统适于中小型空调系统;冰蓄冷是在解决电力峰谷差诸方法中转换效率最高.     

电力工业的储能时代

风电、太阳能发电等新能源的开发利用正迅速发展,由于新能源发电大都具有随机性、间歇性,因而将使电力工业进入储能时代。最近30年来,世界能源领域有3个变化:一是环境问题由区域性问题变成全球性问题;二是因化石能源顶峰论和枯竭论导致化石能源恐慌;三是化石能源价格暴涨。由此把全球能源利用推向第三次能源大转换,用新能源发电替代化石能源发电,并催生了智能电网。电力工业在100多年的历史中,前后经历了舞伴时代、电力需求侧管理时代,现在为了发展新能源和智能电网,电力工业将进入储能时代。中国在最近20年内,无论是在需求侧管理方面还是在需求响应方面的工作都优于工业发达国家,中国电力工业已进入了电力需求侧管理时代。大容量储能是新能源开发的"瓶颈",是智能电网的"瓶颈",要想加快新能源和智能电网的开发,就要把大容量储能放在战略位置上,抓好大容量储能技术的突破。现在技术比较成熟的储能设施是抽水蓄能电站,但是投资大、能量转换损耗大,不可能全靠它来解决大容量储能问题。主要问题还是技术不成熟和政策问题,应加大对大容量储能技术的研究开发力度,在新能源发电规划和智能电网规划中要有相应的大容量储能规划,同时要尽快理顺电价。     

Carbon capture and storage at scale: Lessons from the growth of analogous energy technologies

At present carbon capture and storage (CCS) is very expensive and its performance is highly uncertain at the scale of commercial power plants. Such challenges to deployment, though, are not new to students of technological change. Several successful technologies, including energy technologies, have faced similar challenges as CCS faces now. To draw lessons for the CCS industry from the history of other energy technologies that, as with CCS today, were risky and expensive early in their commercial development, we have analyzed the development of the US nuclear-power industry, the US SO₂-scrubber industry, and the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) industry. Through analyzing the development of the analogous industries we arrive at three principal observations. First, government played a decisive role in the development of all of these analogous technologies. Second, diffusion of these technologies beyond the early demonstration and niche projects hinged on the credibility of incentives for industry to invest in commercial-scale projects. Third, the conventional wisdom that experience with technologies inevitably reduces costs does not necessarily hold. Risky and capital-intensive technologies may be particularly vulnerable to diffusion without accompanying reductions in cost.     

A review of large‐scale electrical energy storage

This paper gives a broad overview of a plethora of energy storage technologies available on the large‐scale complimented with their capabilities conducted by a thorough literature survey. According to the capability graphs generated, thermal energy storage, flow batteries, lithium ion, sodium sulphur, compressed air energy storage, and pumped hydro storage are suitable for large‐scale storage in the order of 10's to 100's of MWh; metal air batteries have a high theoretical energy density equivalent to that of gasoline along with being cost efficient; compressed air energy storage has the lowest capital energy cost in comparison to other energy storage technologies; flywheels, super conducting magnetic storage, super capacitors, capacitors, and pumped hydro storage have very low energy density; compressed air energy storage, cryogenic energy storage, thermal energy storage, and batteries have relatively high energy density; high efficiencyin tandem with high energy density results in a cost efficient storage system; and power density pitted against energy density provides a clear demarcation between power and energy applications. This paper also provides a mathematical model for thermal energy storage as a battery. Furthermore, a comprehensive techno‐economic evaluation of the various energy storage technologies would assist in the development of an energy storage technology roadmap. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国新能源产业国际分工中的地位及提升对策

近年来,我国新能源产业发展速度位居世界前列,国际市场份额不断扩大,但依然是利用成本比较优势,以加工贸易为主,集中进入产业链中游的加工制造环节.在全球新能源产业分工中,发达国家始终享受着行业核心技术和终端产品应用所带来的创新收益和环境收益.而我国在新能源产业国际分工体系中的接入点仍然落在了能耗高、环境影响大、劳动力相对密集的制造环节,未能从根本上改变参与国际分工的方式,现阶段我国新能源产业的国际竞争力仍主要表现在价格和规模优势上.这除了产业发展路径依赖的原因外,也与政府和企业发展战略性新兴产业“急功近利”的思路不无关系.阻碍我国新能源产业国际分工地位改善和提升的主因在于产业创新机制不健全、国内市场容量小等产业发展的深层问题.同时,产业过度依赖外需,贸易摩擦和国际市场需求下降也导致我国企业经营困难.为提升我国新能源产业的国际分工地位,建议我国要调整新能源对外贸易与投资政策的思路,强化对新能源技术研发环节的政策支持,提高新能源企业的自主创新能力；充分利用全球资源,加大先进技术和创新人才引进力度；加快转变对外贸易发展方式,摈弃粗放型的增长方式,积极开拓新兴市场；促进资本的双向流动；培育新能源国际化龙头企业；完善新能源贸易与投资的服务保障体系;积极参与多边贸易谈判,改善贸易环境.     

储能技术的研究开发现状及展望

储能系统在稳定电网、利用可再生能源方面起着重要作用。介绍了各种储能方式及其特点．综述了大型储能技术的研究开发状况,其中氧化还原液流电池具有成本低、效率高、寿命长等优点,商业化前景看好。     

储能与液流电池技术

大规模高效储能技术是解决可再生能源发电不连续、不稳定、不可控特性的重要途径,也是构建坚强智能电网的核心技术。本文对各种储能技术进行了综合分析,并对适用于大规模储能的抽水储能、压缩空气储能、钠硫电池、锂离子电池、铅酸电池和液流电池的技术特点、优劣势、发展前景进行了深入阐述;最后,对储能技术的发展思路进行了探讨,认为坚持技术开发与应用示范并重,进一步降低储能设备成本,提高其可靠性和稳定性并辅以一定的鼓励政策,是推进储能技术的产业化和实用化的重要途径。     

Review of vibration‐based energy harvesting technology: Mechanism and architectural approach

Energy harvesting technologies are growing rapidly in recent years because of limitation by energy storage and wired power supply. Vibration energy is abundant in the atmosphere and has the potential to be harvested by different mechanisms, mainly through piezoelectric and electromagnetic means. Various architectural structures were also designed for several operating conditions, namely, resonance frequency and range thereof, acceleration, and energy extraction from several motions. The advantages and disadvantages were elaborated on, and improvements on ideas from current research were discussed in this review.     

Flywheel array energy storage system

飞轮储能系统将能量储存在高速旋转的飞轮转子中,具有高功率密度,无环境污染,使用寿命长,运行温度范围广,充放电次数无限制等优点,已获得了广泛的应用.将多台模块化的飞轮储能单元并联起来组成飞轮阵列储能系统,是获得大容量,高功率储能的解决方案.文章首先论述了飞轮阵列储能系统的国内外发展现状与要解决的关键问题, 然后详细给出了飞轮阵列储能系统的设计方法,并联拓扑结构与控制策略.随着飞轮储能单元并联技术的逐渐成熟,飞轮阵列储能系统应用领域将逐步扩展到电力系统调频,间歇式可再生能源发电等领域,并将在提高电网对可再生能源的接纳能力等方面发挥重要作用.     

电化学储能系统在整县制屋顶光伏中应用前景分析

屋顶分布式光伏作为可"自发自用"、"余电上网"的电源已得到广泛应用,随着国家政策的大力扶持,光伏发电技术和储能技术相辅相成逐渐成为主要产业.首先,从屋顶分布式光伏的扶持政策以及试点应用出发,然后根据当前屋顶分布式光伏发展亟待解决的问题分析,提出储能在适用于整县制屋顶光伏发展的核心技术:屋顶光伏和储能的场景生成和评价、屋...     

Clean energy and energy storage research --The 2nd international conference on clean energy sciences

每3年举行1次的国际清洁能源会议(ICCES)旨在促进国际合作和交流,为在清洁能源和能源储存领域工作的国际研究者提供一个讨论清洁能源基础研究和技术革新的论坛.本文总结了2014年4月13~16日在中国青岛召开的第二届国际清洁能源会议的学术报告情况,特别是关于清洁能源和能源存储研究的最新进展及其未来科学发展所面临的挑战和根本问题.材料与纳米技术依然是解决清洁能源利用,转换和储存的关键;具有广泛应用基础的太阳能转化,电化学能量转化与储存,光催化与环境催化依然是研究热点;同时,清洁煤及化石燃料,生物燃料和生物质转化,生物和仿生系统的能源转化正在成为新的研究热点;而氢气制备与储存,二氧化碳捕获储存与使用等体系也引起了大家的广泛兴趣和关注.本文重点评述了清洁能源领域的研究重点,进展和热点问题.     

电网侧储能经济性研究

随着中国能源结构的转型,新能源行业的快速发展对于中国来说是非常重要的。以新能源电站为基础的多种储能技术,在提高电网电能质量、消纳、调频和电力可靠性等方面起着关键性作用。由于电网侧储能应用正处于起步阶段,目前存在的问题、发展情况以及经济性分析是研究的重点。以电网侧储能发展面临的问题为导向,按照中国能源革命和电网形态发展的需求,客观评价了电网侧储能的价值,对电网侧储能的技术发展提出了相关建议。     

中国地下含水层储能技术及其发展

地下含水层储能系统,这项由中国发明的可再生能源技术,曾广泛应用于工艺冷却和室内空调,由于众多原因,其应用现在受到限制。本文综合论述中国地下含水层储能空调的由来和发展,从环保、节能、经济性角度探讨该技术的应用前景。     

A review of marine renewable energy storage

Marine renewable energies are promising enablers of a cleaner energy future. Some technologies, like wind, are maturing and have already achieved commercial success. Similar to their terrestrial counterparts, marine renewable energy systems require energy storage capabilities to achieve the flexibility of the 21st century grid demand. The unique difficulties imposed by a harsh marine environment challenge the unencumbered rise of marine renewable energy generation and storage systems. In this study, the fundamentals of marine renewable energy generation technologies are briefed. A comprehensive review and comparison of state‐of‐the‐art novel marine renewable energy storage technologies, including pumped hydro storage (PHS), compressed air energy storage (CAES), battery energy storage (BES), hydrogen energy storage (HES), gravity energy storage (GES), and buoyancy energy storage (ByES), are conducted. The pros and cons, and potential applications, of various marine renewable energy storage technologies are also compiled. Finally, several future trends of marine renewable energy storage technologies are connoted.     

京郊生物质能产业发展现状、存在问题与对策建议

近年来,在"三起来"工程等政府政策、资金、技术支持下,北京郊区生物质能产业发展已初具规模,改善了农村居民生活条件、能源消费结构和生态环境。但是,在生物质能产业的具体实践中,仍然存在一些问题制约其持续健康发展。文章对京郊生物质能产业发展现状,不同生物质能利用模式的共性问题、具体技术问题分别作了阐述,提出了促进京郊生物质能产业持续健康发展的对策建议。     

Optimal planning for industrial park-integrated energy system with hydrogen energy industry chain

Establishing an industrial park-integrated energy system (IN-IES) is an effective way to reduce carbon emission, reduce energy supply cost and improve system flexibility. However, the modeling of hydrogen storage in traditional IN-IES is relatively rough. In order to solve this problem, an IN-IES with hydrogen energy industry chain (HEIC) is proposed in this paper. Hydrogen production, transportation, and storage technologies are applied in HEIC. Firstly, a novel long-term hydrogen storage model considering different time steps is presented. Secondly, hydrogen compressor models considering different pressure ratios are further employed. On this basis, the impact of the HEIC on the planning and operation results of IN-IES is studied. Finally, the superiority and the effectiveness of the proposed model and planning method are verified by simulation cases.     

大规模储能系统发展现状及示范应用综述简

介绍了储能技术分类及其在电力系统的作用,比较全面地阐述了机械储能、化学储能、电磁储能和相变储能分别在电力系统中的应用研究现状和目前的主要示范应用,论述了储能技术未来发展趋势。