压电机电阻抗结构损伤监测机理研究

基于压电-结构的机电阻抗模型,分析了模型中结构机械阻抗与压电传感器电阻抗之间的耦合关系。研究了压电机电阻抗测试法,并根据压电-结构模型中的机电阻抗谱研究损伤监测方法,给出了基本原理。利用在铝板上的测试和实验,验证了压电机电阻抗测试法及不同距离模拟损伤对压电机电阻抗谱的影响和变化趋势,探讨了阻抗分析技术用于损伤监测的可行性。研究与实验结果表明,在高激励频率作用下,随着损伤距离的变化,压电机电阻抗也会发生相同趋势的变化。     

无源LC压力传感器的定频读取电路

研究了基于定频模式的无源LC压力传感器的信号读取方法和电路。根据互感耦合电路原理,对基于定频模式的信号读取技术进行了理论分析,并结合MATLAB软件仿真,得出在一定参数设置下,采用直接数字频率合成器(DDS)产生高频正弦电压信号以激励读取线圈,提取线圈端阻抗参数和采样电阻上的电压值,可以实现LC压力传感器信号的高灵敏度检测。理论分析和测试结果表明,该电路能够实现LC压力传感器变化信号的高灵敏度检测,为无线无源LC压力传感器在高温环境中的广泛应用提供了技术基础。     

巨磁阻抗传感器在生物检测领域的研究进展

对巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应的产生以及基于GMI效应制备的生物传感器的优势进行了简单阐述,分析了GMI生物传感器应用于生物检测的工作原理,并对GMI生物传感器的制备方法以及主要的薄膜结构对GMI比值的影响进行了综合介绍,总结了GMI生物传感器在生物检测中的应用,并重点阐述了GMI生物传感器在免疫磁珠、肿瘤标志物、细菌、病毒...     

压电器件阻抗测试系统的研制

基于压电器件的等效电路模型,利用导纳圆理论图测量压电器件阻抗特性参数及过零检测相位差测量原理,构建了一套完整的压电器件性能参数阻抗测试系统。通过单片机控制信号产生幅值固定、频率可变的正弦信号,经功率放大后驱动压电器件产生超声高频振动,并采集压电器件两端的电压、电流及相位差信号,通过串口传给上位机。上位机采用基于Labview人机交互界面,实现压电器件阻抗特性参数计算和图形显示。实验结果表明,本测试系统能测量压电器件各主要相关参数,并动态显示阻抗特性曲线,可用于压电器件的参数测试与性能评估。     

压电器件阻抗测试系统的研制

基于压电器件的等效电路模型,利用导纳圆理论图测量压电器件阻抗特性参数及过零检测相位差测量原理,构建了一套完整的压电器件性能参数阻抗测试系统。通过单片机控制信号产生幅值固定、频率可变的正弦信号,经功率放大后驱动压电器件产生超声高频振动,并采集压电器件两端的电压、电流及相位差信号,通过串口传给上位机。上位机采用基于Labview人机交互界面,实现压电器件阻抗特性参数计算和图形显示。实验结果表明,本测试系统能测量压电器件各主要相关参数,并动态显示阻抗特性曲线,可用于压电器件的参数测试与性能评估。     

基于压电陶瓷的结构损伤检测技术

根据压电材料的压电效应,压电陶瓷片(PZT)既可作为传感器又可作为驱动器。将压电陶瓷片粘贴在待测结构的表面,运用压电阻抗技术,对结构中螺栓松动的损伤进行检测分析。实验证明,通过检测压电动态阻抗的变化即可分析出螺栓松动的结构损伤情况。基于压电陶瓷的结构损伤检测技术,可以对机械结构进行实时在线损伤检测,它不仅适用于宏观损伤检测,且在高频激励下,对于微小损伤的检测也非常有效。     

阻抗型无线无源声表面波传感器的研究

介绍了一种新型的阻抗负载型无线无源传感器,该传感器由声表面波器件与作为负载的外接传感器构成,采用声表面波器件进行信号传输。在工作时,外接传感器阻抗值的变化使声表面波器件反射回波特性也得到改变,通过检测该回波特性的变化,实现无线无源传感。基于耦合模模型的分析方法,得出了其级联P矩阵形式。针对电阻型和电容型两种不同类型的负载,分别对传感器进行了仿真分析和实际测试。试验结果表明,当电容型传感器作为负载时,可以以相位作为探测基准。     

基于压电阻抗技术的阻尼液黏度监测方法

针对粘滞阻尼器中阻尼液黏度会发生变化且黏度不易被直接监测的问题,该文提出了一种基于压电阻抗法的阻尼液黏度监测方法,在阻尼器中安装压电传感器,通过测量传感器的机电阻抗值来确定阻尼液的黏度。为验证所提方法的有效性,制作了一个阻尼装置的模型并安装压电传感器,在其中放置不同黏度的阻尼液时测量压电传感器的阻抗值。结果表明,随着阻尼液黏度的增大,阻抗曲线的峰值频率逐渐减小,而实部电阻值逐渐增大。定义的黏度监测指标能够成功反应阻尼液黏度。     

巨磁阻抗传感器应用研究最新进展

利用零磁致伸缩非晶丝的巨磁阻抗(GMI)效应,可制得新一类灵敏度高、响应快、功耗低、体积小的微型磁电式传感器。介绍了目前几种基于巨磁阻抗效应的传感器,包括磁场传感器、扭矩传感器、汽车交通监测系统和生物传感器等的工作原理和特性。     

基于人工阻抗表面的毫米波圆极化全息天线

基于全息光学原理,提出并设计了一种加载相位调制的毫米波圆极化全息天线,天线由电小尺寸的人工阻抗单元按表面阻抗分布参数排列而成。利用横向谐振技术分析了标量人工阻抗单元表面阻抗的计算方法,建立了单元尺寸与表面阻抗之间的数据库。给出了干涉表面的阻抗分布参数计算方法,通过加载相位调制,实现了全息天线的圆极化。利用Matlab-HFSS联合建模仿真,建立了毫米波圆极化全息天线的基本模型,仿真结果表明,天线工作于35 GHz,波束沿法向偏转35°,中心的轴比小于1.5 d B。     

On artificial magnetodielectric loading for improving the impedance bandwidth properties of microstrip antennas

The effect of artificial magnetodielectric substrates on the impedance bandwidth properties of microstrip antennas is discussed. We review the results found in the literature and then focus on practically realizable artificial magnetic media operating in the microwave regime. Next, a realistic dispersive behavior of a practically realizable artificial substrate is embedded into the model. It is shown that frequency dispersion of the substrate plays a very important role in the impedance bandwidth characteristics of the loaded antenna. The impedance bandwidths of reduced size patch antennas loaded with dispersive magnetodielectric substrates and high-permittivity substrates are compared. It is shown that unlike substrates with dispersion-free permeability, practically realizable artificial substrates with dispersive magnetic permeability are not advantageous in antenna miniaturization. This conclusion is experimentally validated.     

Analytical Model of the Split-Coaxial Balun and Its Application to a Linearly-Polarized Dipole or a CP Turnstile

A simple analytical transmission line model of a split-coaxial balun is proposed and tested. It is based on the coupled symmetric transmission line approach. The model leads to a closed-form analytical expression for the termination impedance/transfer function of the complete antenna system that includes antenna, balun, and a non-splitted coaxial line of certain length. It accepts the impedance of a center-fed symmetric antenna as input parameter. The model is in excellent agreement with full wave simulations and is confirmed by a series of prototype measurements. It can be applied to a linearly-polarized radiator or to a broadband circularly-polarized turnstile, where the phase quadrature is created by two complex-conjugate impedances. The present model only describes the impedance matching properties of the balun but is not capable of predicting the balance quality of baluns.     

The influence of the phosphor layer as heat source and up-stream thermal masses on the thermal characterization by transient thermal analysis of modern wafer level high power LEDs

In the last years Waver Level LED Packages (WLP-LEDs) were developed. They are thin film flip chips where the sapphire substrate remains attached on top of the epitaxial light emitting layer (EPI) which can be assembled directly on a printed circuit board. The thermal resistance and the thermal path of WLP-LED packages are measured by transient thermal analysis and transient finite element simulation. This study investigates the impact of the upstream thermal masses, i.e. the sapphire (SP), phosphor layer (PL) and the side coating (SC) on the transient thermal impedance curve and the cumulative structure function. It is shown that the standard approach to extract thermal properties by features (steps) within the structure function is misleading for thermal networks with upstream thermal load and distributed heat source (EPI and PL) because they influence the shape of the structure function. By transient thermal measurements and finite element (FE) simulation the transient thermal measurements are analysed to extract information about the thermal parameters and the thermal path. Starting from the analysis of the blue flip chip LED (FC-LED, no PL and no SC) the FE-model is set up. Stepwise the FE model is extended and the influence of the PL and the SC on the transient thermal measurement is investigated. A FE model is validated and calibrated which allows simulating the transient thermal curves of these modern LEDs. Using the model the impact of structural changes in the LED package on the transient thermal curves can be identified for reliability analysis.     

Skin cancer identification using multifrequency electrical impedance--a potential screening tool

Electrical bio-impedance can be used to assess skin cancers and other cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to distinguish skin cancer from benign nevi using multifrequency impedance spectra. Electrical impedance spectra of about 100 skin cancers and 511 benign nevi were measured. Impedance of reference skin was measured ipsi-laterally to the lesions. The impedance relation between lesion and reference skin was used to distinguish the cancers from the nevi. It was found that it is possible to separate malignant melanoma from benign nevi with 75% specificity at 100% sensitivity, and to distinguish nonmelanoma skin cancer from benign nevi with 87% specificity at 100% sensitivity. The power of skin cancer detection using electrical impedance is as good as, or better than, conventional visual screening made by general practitioners.     

Detection of basal cell carcinoma using electrical impedance and neural networks

Variations in electrical impedance over frequency might be used to distinguish basal cell carcinoma (BCC) from benign skin lesions, although the patterns that separate the two are nonobvious. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) may be good pattern classifiers for this application. A preliminary study to show the potential of neural networks to distinguish benign from malignant skin lesions using electrical impedance is presented. Electrical impedance was measured in vivo from 1 kHz to 1 MHz at five virtual depths on 18 BCC and 16 benign or premalignant lesions. A feed-forward neural network was trained using back propagation to classify these lesions. Two methods of preprocessing were used to account for the impedance of normal skin and the size of the lesion, one based on estimating the impedance of the lesion relative to adjacent normal skin and one based on estimating the impedance of the lesion independent of size or surrounding normal skin. Neural networks were able to classify measurements in a test set with 100% accuracy for the first preprocessing technique and 85% accuracy for the second. These results indicate electrical impedance may be a promising clinical diagnostic tool for basal cell carcinoma or other forms of skin cancer.     

The surface impedance for a vertically striated half-space

A special anisotropic model for the Earth subsurface is adopted in which the horizontally directed conductivities may be different from one another. Allowance is also made for contrasts in the magnetic permeability in the horizontal directions. It is shown that the surface impedance will depend on the lateral variations of the exciting field. It is also found that the dependence is more complicated than for a laterally isotropic half-space     

Simple technique for analysis of SC networks using general-purpose circuit simulation programs

A new technique is proposed which enables the transformation of a large class of switched-capacitor (SC) networks into equivalent time-continuous (analogue) circuits to analyse them by use of standard, general-purpose circuit simulation programs such as SPICE It is based on a block partitioning, i.e. a total SC network is divided into small building blocks. It is shown how basic SC building blocks like integrators and summers can be modelled by equivalent two-ports containing only resistors, lossless transmission lines and current-controlled voltage sources. Furthermore, some new offset-free SC integrator schemes based on multi-step integration algorithms are also described.     

Analysis of the high frequency series impedance of GaAs Schottkydiodes by a finite difference technique

The finite-difference technique is used to calculate the electromagnetic field within the diode chip based on a solution of Maxwell's equations. The skin effect, charge carrier inertia, and dielectric relaxation are shown to greatly increase the series impedance at high frequencies. The finite difference technique is accurate for diode structures that incorporate an epitaxial layer of different doping than the substrate and a nonideal ohmic contact on the bottom of the chip. An important feature of this analysis is an impedance calculation based on power considerations, rather than the electrostatic potential. The analysis is used to investigate the series impedance as a function of epilayer doping density, anode diameter, chip thickness and ohmic contact resistivity. It is shown that a proposed membrane diode, whose thickness is less than one skin depth, will have a series impedance 30% less than that of a comparable standard diode, provided that the ohmic contact has a specific contact resistivity of 10^-8 Ω-cm ² or less     

CC1010芯片在无线传感器网络节点设计中的应用

无线传感器网络,可以在一些特殊的场合实现信号的采集、处理和发送.在简要介绍无线传感器网络节点结构的基础上,对Chipcon公司开发的CC1010射频芯片的功能特点进行了研究,结合其工作原理与应用电路,阐述了它在无线传感器网络节点硬件设计中的应用.     

Effects of dimensions on the sensitivity of a conducting polymer microwire sensor

It is commonly considered that the sensitivity of a microsensor increases with its increasing surface-to-volume ratio. However, it is not exactly clear how the surface-to-volume ratio affects the sensitivity of a conducting polymer microsensor. The change in any of the three geometrical dimensions (i.e., length, width and thickness) of a microsensor changes the surface-to-volume ratio. In designing a microsensor of desired sensitivity, it is important to know the effect of each dimension on the sensitivity for properly defining the sizes and shapes of the microsensor. As such, in this work, we have investigated the effects of each individual dimension on the sensitivity of a conducting polymer microwire sensor. Polypyrrole (PPy) and Poly (3,4-dimethlydioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT-PSS) microwire sensors of different dimensions were fabricated using an intermediate-layer lithography (ILL) method. They were further employed to detect methanol and acetone vapors at concentrations in the range of 0.6-7.1 parts per thousand (ppt). The corresponding three relationships between the three geometrical dimensions and the sensitivities were found using a statistical program, SAS. From the point view of surface-to-volume ratio, the thickness should affect the sensitivity much more than the other two dimensions. However, the three relationships indicate that the effects of the three geometrical dimensions on the sensitivity of a microwire sensor vary with the conducting polymer materials and the targets to detect. In other words, which dimension has more effects on sensitivity is case-dependent. Results presented in this work can be potentially used to aid in the design of conducting polymer microwire sensors of high sensitivity.