改性蔗渣处理染料废水的研究

对蔗渣进行酸改性并研究了改性蔗渣对染料废水的吸附性能。结果表明,酸改性后的蔗渣对染料废水具有较好的脱色效果,改性蔗渣投加量和染料废水初始pH值对脱色率影响较大;通过吸附热力学和吸附动力学试验研究表明,改性蔗渣对水中染料的吸附可用Langmuir吸附等温式较好地描述,吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模式。     

合成碳羟基磷灰石对废水中锰离子的吸附研究

利用废弃的蛋壳制备碳羟基磷灰石(CHAP),研究了其对废水中Mn2+的吸附作用,并探讨了CHAP用量、Mn2+浓度、温度、pH对吸附效果的影响.试验结果表明:在pH值为6、温度为30℃、搅拌时间为1 h、CHAP用量为3 g/L、Mn2+初始浓度为70 mg/L的条件下,CHAP对Mn2+的去除率可达到97.9%,吸附容量为22.84 mg/g;CHAP对Mn2+的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Fre-undlich吸附等温式,吸附反应是自发放热过程;H0准二级动力学模型能较好地描述CHAP对Mn2+的动力学吸附行为.     

有机质对土壤吸附性能的影响研究

采用了砂土与有机肥按不同比例配制有机质含量不同的4种土样为吸附剂,研究土壤对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附性能.实验结果表明,4种土样对亚甲基蓝均有较好的吸附性能.20℃时,吸附规律较好的符合langmuir吸附等温式;pH对吸附性能有较大影响,且随有机质含量的增加,影响加强;有机质的存在可提高土壤对亚甲基蓝的吸附能力;土壤对亚甲基蓝的解析量基本随吸附量的增加而增加,但是增加的幅度非常小.     

不同锰砂滤料除锰吸附特性研究

为了掌握不同锰砂滤料处理锰离子超标地下水时的吸附特性,选择4种有代表性的锰砂滤料对同一原水进行静态吸附试验,研究了不同锰砂对水中锰离子的吸附情况;分别与Langmuir吸附等温式和Freundlich吸附等温式进行拟合,根据可决系数R2值判断出4种锰砂均符合Langmuir吸附模型;以Langmuir吸附模型中的最大吸附容量qmax与吸附能量常数KL反映吸附剂的吸附能力,综合分析得出B组马山高品质锰砂的吸附效果最好,并由此得出MnO2质量分数与锰砂吸附能力呈正相关.该研究可为实际工程中的锰砂选择提供科学依据,具有实际意义.     

重金属Pb(II)在黏土上吸附特性研究

采用Batch试验研究了黏土对水溶液中Pb(II)的吸附特性,分析了土水比、反应时间、pH和温度对Pb(II)在黏土上吸附性能的影响,并对吸附动力学和吸附平衡试验进行了探讨。试验结果表明,当土水比增加时,吸附量相应降低,去除率却相应提高。黏土对Pb(II)的吸附速度较快,可在120 min内达到吸附平衡。pH0较低时,黏土对Pb(II)的主要吸附机理为离子交换;pH0较高时,黏土对Pb(II)的主要吸附机理为表面络合反应。吸附动力学特性符合伪二级动力学模型,液膜扩散速率显著大于黏土颗粒内扩散速率。Langmuir模型可较好地模拟黏土对Pb(II)等温吸附特性,吸附量可达18.86 mg/g,低温有利于黏土对Pb(II)的吸附。     

原油在沙质海滩中的迁移及渗透规律研究

利用锥形瓶实验研究了沙质海滩对原油污染物的静态吸附过程,并且分析了沙的粒径、海水盐度及pH三因素对吸附作用的影响;通过沙柱淋滤实验和原油渗透实验对原油污染物在沙质海滩中的迁移和渗透规律进行了研究.结果表明,沙样对原油的吸附符合Lagergren准一级动力学模式,20min就基本达到吸附平衡;吸附量随粒径的减少、盐度的增大、pH的降低而增大;同时,沙样对原油污染物有很强的截留能力,主要集中在0～25cm的表层.     

改性斜发沸石吸附水中腐殖酸的研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性天然斜发沸石,考察了吸附时间、吸附剂投量、腐殖酸起始浓度和pH对改性沸石吸附腐殖酸的影响。结果表明,在温度为25℃、pH=3、改性沸石投量为2g／L、水中腐殖酸起始浓度为10mg／L的条件下,改性沸石静态吸附120min后对腐殖酸的去除率可达95．2％。采用Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式拟合改性沸石对腐殖酸的吸附表明,改性沸石对腐殖酸的吸附能够很好地符合Langmuir吸附等温式,理论最大吸附量为18．529mg／g,说明改性斜发沸石是一种吸附水中腐殖酸的良好吸附剂。     

红壤对磷的吸附特性及其影响因素研究

以红壤为吸附剂,研究了固/液吸附体系中红壤对磷的吸附特性,探讨了温度和pH对红壤吸附磷的影响.结果表明,红壤对磷的等温吸附数据与Langmuir和Freundlich方程的拟合优度较高,当温度为30℃时,红壤对磷的饱和吸附量高达1.61 mg/g,说明红壤是一种优良的磷素吸附材料;红壤对磷的吸附量在吸附初期随吸附时间急剧上升而后期趋于稳定,当磷的初始浓度为25～100 mg/L时,12 h时的吸附量均可达到平衡吸附量的90%以上;当磷的初始浓度<50 mg/L时,温度对红壤吸附磷基本无影响,但随着磷初始浓度的升高,温度对红壤吸附磷的影响渐趋明显;在所检测的试验体系中,pH值为4～8时对红壤吸附磷无明显影响.     

重金属Pb(II)在膨润土上去除特性研究

深入研究成本低廉的膨润土对水溶液中Pb(II)的吸附特性,采用Batch试验方法,分析了土水比、pH、离子强度、反应时间、温度及Pb(II)的初始浓度对Pb(II)在膨润土上吸附性能的影响,并对吸附动力学和吸附平衡试验进行了探讨。Pb(II)在膨润土上去除率与pH、离子强度有很强的依赖性。当pH<7时,膨润土对Pb(II)的吸附主要是离子交换,而当7相似文献   

铝基质硅藻土污泥的制备及其吸附除磷效能

通过向含硅藻土的水样中投加聚合氯化铝和氢氧化钠,得到铝基质硅藻土污泥(ADS),考察了ADS对水体中磷的吸附性能及吸附机理。结果表明,ADS的比表面积和平均孔径分别为78.092 m²/g和5.065 nm,比表面积较硅藻土增加了13.5倍,为吸附反应提供了大量位点,表现出介孔材料的特性; pH值对吸附效率的影响较大,pH值为中性时吸附效果较好,pH值=6和pH值=8条件下的除磷率分别达到了83.0%和80.9%; ADS对磷的吸附原理主要是化学沉积反应和静电吸附,且化学吸附起主导作用,符合准二级反应动力学模型; ADS吸附除磷过程以单分子层吸附为主,吸附位点分布均匀,符合Langmuir吸附等温模型; ADS对磷的最大吸附量为15.54mg/g,其最大理论平衡吸附量为15.97 mg/g。     

粉末活性炭去除水中氯丁二烯的研究

试验研究了粉末活性炭对氯丁二烯的去除效果以及吸附时间、投加量和水质对粉末活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明,粉末活性炭对氯丁二烯的去除率在90%以上,吸附规律符合Langmuir吸附等温线和Freunlich吸附等温线;最佳吸附时间为120min;随着投炭量的增加,氯丁二烯的去除率提高,粉末活性炭的吸附容量降低;在不同水质条件下,粉末活性炭的吸附等温线不同,因此在应急处理中,首先应确定原水水质下的吸附等温线,然后计算出投炭量。     

Combined effect of carbon dosage and initial adsorbate concentration on the adsorption isotherm of heavy metals on activated carbon

The adsorption of dissolved chromium and lead ions by powdered activated carbons significantly depends on the pH, initial adsorbate concentration and carbon dosage. Freundlich and Langmuir equations were unable to describe adequately the observed isotherms under the combined influence of both the carbon dosage and initial adsorbate concentration. These equations were modified and the resulting equations were found to correlate well with the experimental equilibrium data. The modified Langmuir equation gave an overall mean ratio of calculated to experimental adsorptive capacity of 1.001 compared with 1.046 given by the modified Freundlich equation for a total of 135 sets of equilibrium data obtained at different carbon dosages and initial adsorbate concentrations.     

HDX-8树脂吸附水中痕量酚的研究

研究了HDX 8树脂对苯酚的吸附性能 ,最大静态吸附容量为 2 2 3.5mg/g .柱长 1 0cm ,内径 1 .0cm ,内装HDX 8树脂的吸附柱 ,在酸性条件下 ,能有效地吸附水中的痕量酚 ,负载柱可用 0 .1mol/LNaOH溶夜定量解吸 ,富集倍率达 1 0 0 .研究认为 ,HDX 8吸附树脂既可有效去除水中酚污染 ,又可用于痕量分析中酚的定量富集     

柠檬酸杆菌吸附重金属铀的试验研究

采用弗氏柠檬酸杆菌吸附重金属铀,考察了pH、菌体浓度和铀离子浓度对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,弗氏柠檬酸杆菌对铀的吸附一开始随pH的增大而增大,当pH值为6时吸附率达到最大,而后降低;吸附率随菌体浓度的增加而增大,吸附量则相反;吸附量随铀起始浓度的增加而增大,而吸附率则降低;吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,且后者的拟合效果较前者好.     

The effects of strongly complexing ligands on the adsorptive partitioning of metal ions

This work investigated the effects of polyphosphate, a model ligand which forms strong complexes with metals, on metal sorption onto ferrihydrite. Adsorption experiments were conducted to study the partitioning of metal ions in systems containing a range of metal and ligand concentrations. The sorption of ligands, the associated sorption of charge and complexation of metals by ligands are important in controlling metal partitioning. In metal-free systems, the apparent maximum adsorption density is about 0.1 mol of polyphosphate per mol of Fe. The sorption of metals and/or metal-ligand complexes increases the maximum sorption density of ligands compared to systems where metal ions are not present. At total polyphosphate concentrations less than that needed to saturate the oxide surface, the presence of polyphosphate enhances the sorption of metals. When the concentration of polyphosphate exceeds that needed to saturate the oxide surface, the sorption of metals diminishes due to both the competition between dissolved and surface polyphosphate for metal ions and the dissolution of iron oxides.     

Adsorption of tri- and tetra-chloroethylene from aqueous solutions on activated carbon fibers

Recently the contamination of groundwater by trichloroethylene and related compounds have become a new environmental problem. As the first step to clarify the feasibility of applying newly developed adsorbent, activated carbon fiber (ACF), to adsorption treatments of water taken from such a contaminated groundwater source, the adsorption equilibrium and the adsorption rate of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene from aqueous solutions on four ACFs with different pore-size distribution were investigated. The adsorption capacities of ACFs having larger volume of micropores are larger than those of granular activated carbons (GACs) usually used at present. Also, the adsorption rate on ACFs is far more rapid in comparison with GAC adsorption because of smaller diffusion path.     

粉末活性炭去除水中石油类污染物的试验研究

以0#柴油为研究对象,考察了粉末活性炭对水中石油类污染物的吸附性能.结果表明,采用粉末活性炭可有效去除水中的石油类污染物,当柴油初始质量浓度为3 mg/L,吸附时间为30 min,投炭量为20 mg/L时,纯水及原水条件下柴油的去除率均大于70％,且在最大投炭量(80 mg/L)条件下,粉末活性炭可以应对在纯水和原水条...     

Layered double hydroxide of cobalt-zinc-aluminium intercalated with carbonate ion: preparation and Pb(II) ion removal capacity

Ternary layered double hydroxide (Co–Zn–Al LDH) intercalated with carbonate was synthesised via a simple co-precipitation method at pH ≥10. It was characterised using the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), surface area and porosity analyser, Thermo-gravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA–DTA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Pb(II) adsorption properties, mechanism, and possible reuse of the LDH were also investigated by the batch technique. The characterisation results showed the presence of hydroxyl group as well as the intercalated carbonate anions within the well-defined LDH crystal structure. The TGA-DTA results confirmed the presence of these anionic groups which were liberated from the structure at ≈200 and 300°C, respectively. The LDH-specific surface area, pore diameter and width are 54.0 m²/g, 41.3 and 25.1 nm, respectively. Adsorption results showed that Pb(II) equilibrium could be achieved in 120 min, and adsorption increased with concentration and temperature. A Pb(II) adsorption capacity of 130.34 mg/g was reached for this LDH, and the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic and mainly electrostatic with most of the adsorption occurring within the pores. Desorption test suggested that approximately 90% of the adsorbed Pb(II) could be desorbed; hence, the Co–Zn–Al–CO₃ LDH may be reused.     

改性焦粉的制备及其对亚甲基蓝吸附研究

以焦粉为原料,50％硝酸为改性剂,借助SEM表征其结构,将其应用于亚甲基蓝印染废水处理,考察了改性焦粉对亚甲基蓝吸附平衡时间、吸附速率;测定了不同温度的Langmuir、Freundlich等温方程参数、平衡参数、热力学参数。结果表明：硝酸改性焦粉是硝酸刻蚀焦粉表面增加孔结构、增大表面积的过程;改性焦粉吸附亚甲基蓝平衡时间为200min;在不同温度下吸附与Langmuir、Freundlich等温方程线性相关性较好;热力学参数表明该吸附过程是熵增的自发放热过程。