Simultaneous determination of pyrimethanil,cyprodinil, mepanipyrim and its metabolite in fresh and home-processed fruit and vegetables by a QuEChERS method coupled with UPLC-MS/MS

A QuEChERS procedure for the simultaneous determination of pyrimethanil, cyprodinil, mepanipyrim and its metabolite (M31) in fresh and processed fruit and vegetables was developed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The determination of the four target compounds was achieved in less than 6.0 min using an electrospray ionisation source in positive mode. The limits of detection (LODs) were below 0.4 μg?kg^?1, while the limits of quantification (LOQs) did not exceed 1.5 μg?kg^?1 for all studied matrices. Good linearity of the calibration curves was obtained over the range from 0.002 to 2 mg?kg^?1, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.999. The average recoveries of this method in apple, peach, cabbage and tomato at the five spiked levels (0.002, 0.01, 0.05, 0.20 and 2.0 mg?kg^?1) ranged from 81.5% to 107.3% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) in the range of 1.5–13.9% (n = 5) for all analytes. Residue levels of anilinopyrimidine fungicides in fresh and home-processed apple, peach, cabbage and tomato were also studied. The results indicate that residue levels are significantly reduced following washing, peeling and boiling, and there is no toxic metabolite of mepanipyrim (M31) which is detected during boiling. This study provides a theoretical basis for China to draw up maximum residue limits (MRLs) and protect consumers from the negative health effects of pesticide residues detected in fruit and vegetables.     

基于QuEChERS的UHPLC-MS/MS同时检测鸡蛋中19种农药残留量

目的：构建一种同时、快速、高效的检测鸡蛋中多种农残方法。方法：将QuEChERS与UHPLC-MS/MS结合用于鸡蛋中19种农药残留量的检测。结果：所建方法的检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）分别为（0.39±0.66）,（1.28±2.17） μg/kg;加标回收率为79.25%～102.14%,相对标准偏差均值（RSD）为9.34%～16.72%;除恶唑菌酮外,鸡蛋中其余18种农药的线性相关系数接近0.999。所测鸡蛋中鸡蛋中19种农残检出总频率为2.82%,农残问题主要涉及辛硫磷和毒死蜱,其检出频率分别为22%,15%,浓度范围分别为2.08～729.74,0.81～46.89 μg/kg。结论：所建方法准确可靠,符合相关检测要求;湖北省境内鸡蛋中农残检出频次低、安全隐患较小。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定果蔬中4种乙撑二硫代氨基甲酸酯农药残留

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定蔬菜、水果中4种乙撑二硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的方法。方法 试样采用L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐和碱性EDTA-Na₂溶液进行提取,碘甲烷衍生,QuEChERS原理净化浓缩,UPLC-MS/MS对乙撑二硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药衍生物进行测定,外标法定量。结果 水果的检出限为5μg/kg,蔬菜的检出限为10μg/kg,相关系数大于0.998,添加回收率的范围为82.3%～115.1%,相对标准偏差为2.3%～6.9%。结论 本文所建立的方法能够满足多种水果和蔬菜中乙撑二硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药快速准确检测。     

A novel method for the simultaneous determination of 14 sweeteners of regulatory interest using UHPLC-MS/MS

An improved, efficient, sensitive method for the determination of 14 non-nutritive sweeteners in food products was developed using electrospray ionisation (ESI) ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in the negative-ion mode. Fourteen sweeteners and three internal standards were separated on a reversed-phase UHPLC column using a simple gradient programme. Analyte quantitation and confirmation were performed with data collection in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Limits of detection (LODs) were determined in a representative drink, candy and yogurt sample and ranged from 0.1 to 1.8 ng ml^–1 (drinks) and from 0.1 to 2.5 ng g^–1 (candy and yogurt). Repeatability at the limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 1% to 13% relative standard deviation (RSD). Twenty-seven commercially available food products were tested using the optimised method showing that the majority of products contained sweetener concentrations below their assigned maximum usable dose. Recovery studies were performed and accuracy data are presented.     

QuEChERS-HPLC-MS/MS测定蔬菜中29种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS）同时快速测定蔬菜中29种农药残留的分析方法。样品以乙腈提取,氯化钠盐析,以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶（C18）和N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）净化,以Waters XBridge C18色谱柱分离,电喷雾正离子扫描,多反应监测（MRM）模式检测,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。在此优化条件下,29种农药分子在不同加标水平下的平均回收率为64.62%～123.55%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.7%～14.3%,方法定量限（LOQ）为0.40～8.00 μg/kg。该方法简便快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,能满足蔬菜中农药残留的快速检测要求。     

Development and validation of an UHPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of mycotoxins in grass silages

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) multi-mycotoxin analytical method was developed to simultaneously identify and quantify 20 mycotoxins in grass silages, inclusive of mycotoxins that are currently regulated in European Union feeds. Extraction of mycotoxins from dried grass silages was performed using of a modified QuEChERS extraction employing an acidified aqueous extraction (0.1 N HCl) with no further clean-up. Following chromatographic separation, analytes were detected using a fast polarity-switching MS/MS method that allowed both positive and negative ions to be analysed from a single injection, thus the reducing time and cost of analysis. The limits of detection and quantification ranged between 3 µg kg^–1 DM (aflatoxin B₁, beauvericin and enniatin A and A₁) and 200 µg kg^–1 DM (deoxynivalenol), and between 10 µg kg^–1 DM (aflatoxin B₁, beauvericin and enniatin A₁) and 500 µg kg^–1 DM (deoxynivalenol), respectively. Inter-assay accuracy and precision ranged between 90% and 107% and between 3.9% and 15.0% CV, respectively. The accuracy of the method was assessed through the application to a range of incurred samples in an inter-laboratory study.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水果蔬菜中11种杀菌剂

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定水果蔬菜中多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、甲霜灵、嘧霉胺、烯酰吗啉、咪鲜胺、三唑酮、腐霉利、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑和戊唑醇11种杀菌剂。方法水果蔬菜采用QuEChERS前处理方法,以C_(18)色谱柱为分离柱,以乙腈-0.05%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS),以电喷雾电离(electrospray ionization,ESI)、多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式检测11种杀菌剂,外标法定量。结果方法的线性范围为0.5~50.0μg/L,线性相关系数为0.9991~1.000,检出限0.001 mg/kg;3个水平的平均加标回收率88.0%~101.2%;相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)均小于9.1%。结论该法具有操作简单、干扰少、快速、准确可靠等特点,适用于水果蔬菜中多种杀菌剂的检测。     

QuEChERS结合GC-MS/MS测定酱腌菜中11种N-亚硝胺类化合物

目的 建立QuEChERS结合气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定酱腌菜中11种亚硝胺类化合物含量的高效分析方法。方法 样品使用乙腈提取,经4 g无水硫酸镁和1 g氯化钠脱水,150 mg PSA、150 mg GCB和900 mg无水硫酸镁净化,采用HP-Innowax色谱柱分离,多反应监测模式下定量分析,并通过计算基质与溶剂标准曲线间斜率的比值来评估基质效应。结果 11种N-亚硝胺类化合物在0.5～50 μg/L线性范围内,线性决定系数均>0.999,NDBA、NMPhA、NEPhA、NDPhA呈较强的基质效应,应采用空白基质配标法,低、中、高三个水平（1、3、10 μg/kg）加标试验的平均回收率为94.8%~105.1%,RSD（n=6）为1.6%～5.8% 。结论 该方法前处理操作简单、重复性好、结果准确,适用于酱腌菜中11种N-亚硝胺类化合物的定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定常见农产品中40种真菌毒素

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultraperformanceliquidchromatography-tandemmass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测小麦、玉米、稻谷、番茄和桃等常见农产品中40种真菌毒素含量的分析方法。方法谷物样品先后经水和含1%(V/V)甲酸的乙腈溶液提取,果蔬样品经1%(V/V)甲酸的乙腈溶液提取,氯化钠和无水硫酸镁盐析后,取上清液氮吹至干,残渣经5 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液-乙腈(80:20, V/V)复溶,过膜后上机测定,通过基质匹配标准曲线进行定量分析。结果 40种真菌毒素在各自的线性范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)≥0.99,检出限和定量限分别为0.2～10.0μg/kg和0.5～20.0μg/kg。在低、中、高3个添加水平下,5种农产品基质中40种真菌毒素的平均加标回收率为71.8%～118.6%精密度为1.2%～16.9%(n=5)。结论本方法操作简单、灵敏度高、实用性强,适用于小麦、玉米、稻谷、番茄和桃等常见农产品中40种真菌毒素的同时检测分析。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测大米中5种农药残留

目的 明确贵阳市大中型生活超市散售大米中5种农药的残留情况.方法 通过样品前处理方法的筛选,建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定大米中仲丁灵、戊唑醇、甲氧虫酰肼、嘧...     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术快速分析水果和蔬菜中毒死蜱及其降解产物

目的 建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术快速分析蔬菜和水果中毒死蜱及其降解产物的检测方法。方法 从色谱和质谱条件两方面对仪器采集参数优化;以韭菜、芹菜、甘蓝、苹果和柑橘为基质,采用QuEChERS方法进行前处理,考察乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷化硅胶和石墨化炭黑(GCB)对毒死蜱及降解产物的影响;最后根据检出限、定量限、线性范围、基质效应、准确度、精密度等对该方法进行考察。结果 流动相为乙腈和0.1%(V/V)甲酸水,质谱采集模式为ESI⁺,前处理过程中加入GCB 45 mg/5 mL,此时4种目标物在线性范围内线性良好(R2≥0.99),定量限为1～30μg/kg;在3个加标水平下,回收率为66.1%～113.6%,相对标准偏差为1.3%～16.9%。结论 建立的毒死蜱及降解产物残留量的检测方法快速、高效、准确度和重复性好,适用于蔬菜和水果中毒死蜱及其降解产物的测定。     

Detection and quantification of 47 antibiotic residues in farmed European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) using a multi-class and multi-residue UHPLC-MS/MS method

In the present study, a multi-class multi-residue method for the simultaneous detection and determination of antibiotics in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) was developed and validated. The method based on UHPLC-MS/MS proved to be a rapid, highly selective and sensitive tool, requiring minimum sample preparation, for screening and detection of 47 compounds from eight different classes. The validation was performed according to EU regulation 2002/657/EC, proving the method’s suitability for application in routine analysis. The method was applied to the analysis of 30 samples of farmed European sea bass purchased in different supermarkets in Portugal. Antibacterial residues were detected in 6 of the 30 analysed samples, namely enrofloxacin and oxytetracycline, in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 12 µg kg^?1.     

胶体金免疫层析法快速检测果蔬中的三唑酮及其代谢物残留

目的 建立胶体金免疫层析法快速检测蔬菜水果中三唑酮及其代谢物农药残留的分析方法。方法 采用胶体金标记三唑酮单克隆抗体, 利用胶体金的可视化及抗体与抗原的特异性结合, 实现对果蔬中三唑酮农药残留的定性和半定量检测。结果 本方法对黄瓜和香蕉中三唑酮及其代谢物的总残留量检出限分别为0.05和0.85 mg/kg, 均低于国家标准食品中三唑酮农药最大残留限量(0.1~1 mg/kg), 该试纸条对其他农药无交叉反应, 重复性良好。结论 该方法具有高灵敏度、高特异性, 可快速准确的检测大批量样品中的三唑酮及其代谢物农药残留, 能够满足应急超标事件的现场检测需求。     

Method validation and analysis of nine dithiocarbamates in fruits and vegetables by LC-MS/MS

An analytical method for separation and quantitative determination of nine dithiocarbamates (DTCs) in fruits and vegetables by using LC-MS/MS was developed, validated and applied to samples purchased in local supermarkets. The nine DTCs were ziram, ferbam, thiram, maneb, zineb, nabam, metiram, mancozeb and propineb. Validation parameters of mean recovery for two matrices at two concentration levels, relative repeatability (RSD_r), relative within-laboratory reproducibility (RSD_R) and LOD were obtained for the nine DTCs. The results from the analysis of fruits and vegetables served as the basis for an exposure assessment within the given commodities and a risk assessment by comparing the calculated exposure to the acceptable daily intake and acute reference dose for various exposure groups. The analysis indicated positive findings of DTCs in apples, pears, plums, table grapes, papaya and broccoli at concentrations ranging from 0.03 mg/kg to 2.69 mg/kg expressed as the equivalent amount of CS₂. None of the values exceeded the Maximum residue level (MRL) set by the European Union, and furthermore, it was not possible to state whether illegal use had taken place or not, because a clear differentiation between the various DTCs in the LC-MS/MS analysis was lacking. The exposure and risk assessment showed that only for maneb in the case of apples and apple juice, the acute reference dose was exceeded for infants in the United Kingdom and for children in Germany, respectively.     

蔬菜水果中有机磷农药的基质效应分析及检测方法选择

目的 通过对常见蔬菜水果中有机磷农药的基质效应进行全面的分析, 探索更加高效的有机磷农药残留检测手段。方法 30种(11类)供试蔬果样品分别利用乙腈提取, 经QuEChERS净化后, 配制溶剂标准工作曲线和基质标准工作曲线, 利用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析19种有机磷农药的基质效应表现。结果 利用GC-MS/MS分析得到的19种有机磷农药的溶剂标准曲线及其30套基质标准曲线在10~200 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好, 利用UPLC-MS/MS分析得到的19种有机磷农药的溶剂标准曲线及其30套基质标准曲线在4~100 μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好, 所有工作曲线的线性相关系数(r2)均大于0.99; 利用GC-MS/MS分析时, 大部分供试农药在供试基质中呈较强的基质增强效应, 其中水胺硫磷的基质效应最强, 西葫芦可以有效校正供试农药的基质效应; 利用UPLC-MS/MS分析时, 供试农药以弱基质效应表现为主, 西葫芦对供试农药基质效应的校正能力不明显。结论 在利用GC-MS/MS检测供试有机磷农药时, 可用西葫芦配制基质匹配标准溶液进行定量分析; 在利用UPLC-MS/MS检测供试有机磷农药时, 除了乙酰甲胺磷、乐果、敌敌畏、亚胺硫磷, 其他农药均可利用溶剂标准溶液进行定量分析。     

Development and validation of multi-residue method for determination of 412 pesticide residues in cotton fiber using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS

The new global concept is to care about textiles and clothes safety to improve the protection of the human health and the environment from the harmful pesticide residues. Very few articles have been published for determination of several pesticide classes in cotton fibers in one multi-residue method. A simple, efficient, sensitive, accurate, and reliable multi-residue method was developed for the determination of 412 residual pesticides in cotton fibers using modified QuEChERS method with Liquid and Gas Chromatography coupled to Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS/MS &; GC-MS/MS) for qualitative and quantitative analysis according to the international standards concepts. The developed method covered several pesticide classes, including 43 carbamates, 16 pyrethroids, 27 organochlorines (OCs), 54 organophosphorus (Ops), 31 urea derivatives, 7 Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), 6 Neonicotinoid, and 228 other pesticides. Most of the target pesticides were listed in Oeko-Tex Standards, the EU Ecolabel for textile products, and the Egyptian recommendations of the Agricultural Pesticide Committee (APC-Egypt). The method optimization and validation were carried out according to the EU guidelines. The results were shown to be reliable where the corresponding average recoveries within the acceptable range of 70–120%; the relative standard deviations were less than 20%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of this method is 0.01 mg kg^?1 all pesticides except for 3 GC-compounds and 19 LC-compounds which have LOQ of 0.05 mg kg^?1.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测中草药中赭曲霉毒素A

本研究通过优化液相色谱条件和质谱条件,并结合碳酸氢钠溶液提取稀释的方法法有效克服了基质效应的干扰,建立了中草药中赭曲霉毒素A的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检方法。试样经碳酸氢钠溶液提取,超声波提取,再经过免疫亲和柱净化后,用C18液相色谱柱分离,多级反应选择离子正离子模式检测。经方法学验证,赭曲霉毒素A质量浓度在0.1~50.0μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,r0.99;样品在1.0、2.0和10.0μg/kg三个添加水平下的回收率为78.5%~98.0%;相对标准偏差为2.6%~11.8%;方法检出限为1.0μg/kg。将该方法应用于实际8批样品的检测,结果显示8批样品中检出1批的赭曲霉毒素A检测结果呈阳性(7.3μg/kg)。实际样品检测结果表明,本方法可实现中草药中赭曲霉毒素A灵敏、准确的定性定量分析。     

Development and validation of a quantitative UHPLC-MS/MS method for selected brominated flame retardants in food

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated (in-house) for the quantification of selected brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) and bromophenols (BPs), in various food matrices. The sample preparation consisted of extraction of TBBPS with acidified acetonitrile followed by a fast dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up and extraction of the other BFRs with a mixture of hexane and dichloromethane (1:1, v/v) with subsequent clean-up using acidified silica (44%, w/w). The limits of quantification of the method varied widely for the types of food matrices and the different classes of BFRs from 4 pg g^?1 wet weight (ww) to 8 ng g^?1 ww. For most of the analytes the apparent recovery was in the range 70–120%, and the method precision (under repeatability conditions) was below 20%. The method was successfully applied in proficiency testing exercises as well as for analysis of various food items. Only 25% of the collected food samples contained BFRs, with 4-bromophenol and α-HBCD as the only detected compounds. The contaminated foodstuffs were fish and eggs with concentrations in the range from 48 to 305 pg g^?1 ww.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定肉制品中氯霉素、甲砜霉素残留

建立了肉制品中氯霉素、甲砜霉素的气相色谱串联质谱检测方法。样品经均质后,用乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷脱脂,弗罗里硅土小柱净化,衍生后用气相色谱串联质谱法检测,内标法定量。优化了二级质谱条件,包括离子对及碰撞电压。该方法检出限为氯霉素(CAP)0.02μg/kg,甲砜霉素(TAP)0.1μg/kg,加标回收率均在86%~97%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.8%~12.3%之间,在0.1~20 ng/mL范围内都呈现出良好线性关系。     

LC-MS/MS测定蔬菜中丁草胺残留量的不确定度分析

依据GB/T20769-2008《水果和蔬菜中450种农药及相关化学品残留量的测定液相色谱-质谱/质谱法》对蔬菜中丁草胺残留量的测量不确定度进行分析和评定。分析蔬菜中丁草胺残留测量的不确定的来源,并进行评定,采用合成的方法来计算和评定总的不确定度。本次试验的合成扩展不确定为(4.07±0.47)μg/kg。