太赫兹时域光谱技术检测复合材料与金属的脱粘缺陷

基于太赫兹时域光谱技术,提出应用太赫兹脉冲成像技术检测胶接结构中的脱粘缺陷,研究泡沫材料PMI与钢板胶接结构脱粘缺陷的检测。实验采用反射模式,分别对粘合部分与脱粘部分进行数据测试,对比分析发现数据在时域和频域范围均有明显区别。对待测样品进行二维扫描,应用太赫兹时域信号的时间位置幅值、最大值、延迟时间和频域信号不同频点的幅值、所有频点幅值叠加值对待测样品进行成像。研究结果表明基于太赫兹时域光谱技术的太赫兹脉冲成像技术能够检测出泡沫材料PMI与钢板胶接结构的脱粘缺陷;应用太赫兹时域信号的时间位置幅值、最大值、延迟时间和频域信号不同频点的幅值、所有频点幅值叠加值进行成像的结果,均可以分辨出样品的脱粘缺陷;不同的数据信息的成像效果不同。     

硫酸镁水合物的太赫兹表征

太赫兹时域光谱技术作为一种新型光谱检测手段,可用于包括水合物在内的多种物质的表征。金属硫酸盐具有多种不同的水合物,在太赫兹波段表现出不同的吸收特性,利用太赫兹光谱技术可以对过渡金属硫酸盐的不同水合物进行有效表征。本文利用太赫兹时域光谱系统对硫酸镁及其水合物进行表征。通过对七水硫酸镁进行恒温干燥,得到不同的硫酸镁热解产物并对其太赫兹吸收光谱进行研究。实验结果表明不同水合物表现出差异明显的太赫兹吸收特性。这为硫酸镁水合物的多种应用提供了重要参考,也为过渡金属硫酸盐及其水合物的检测提供了简单、快捷、有效的表征手段。     

基于希尔伯特变换和功率谱估计的薄缺陷厚度太赫兹检测

提出将希尔伯特变换和功率谱估计相结合的光谱分析算法,对太赫兹反射时域波形进行处理,并将该算法应用于太赫兹时域光谱成像,将缺陷厚度和图像灰度关联,实现同时对玻璃纤维层压板内部缺陷厚度、位置和形状的成像检测。实验结果表明：将多重信号分类谱估计、自回归谱估计和希尔伯特变换结合时,能成功区分厚度为0.08 mm缺陷上下表面反射脉冲,反射脉冲的时间分辨率小于0.5 ps,缺陷厚度的检测误差不高于0.03 mm。     

基于太赫兹片上系统微带线的设计与仿真

太赫兹片上系统是一种将太赫兹产生和探测装置以及波导传输装置集成在同一基片上的设计,应用于晶体材料的共振吸收以实现对太赫兹时域光谱的探测。太赫兹产生与探测装置都由光电导天线构成,波导传输装置由微带线构成。微带线是一种能够传输高频电磁波的波导结构,但相比于自由空间波导具有高损耗和散射特性。为了研究微带线的结构参数对太赫兹波传输损耗的影响,采用模拟仿真的方法,得出了传输损耗随着传输长度和频率的增加而增加,随着微带线金属层厚度与介质层厚度的增加而减少的规律,从而证明了传输损耗的减少能够通过合理设计微带线结构来实现。     

纤维增强复合材料太赫兹成像无损检测

利用太赫兹时域光谱成像技术检测了内含缺陷的玻璃纤维与碳纤维增强复合材料,获得了材料内部缺陷的太赫兹透射图像,从而实现对复合材料样本的无损检测。实验结果表明,太赫兹透射成像技术可检测出多层玻璃纤维复合材料的层间缺陷。但该技术对于碳纤维复合材料中缺陷的检测能力有限,主要是因为碳纤维具有导电特性,导致太赫兹信号对其穿透能力有限。通过对成像模式的调节,太赫兹无损检测技术可对碳纤维材料内部深度约为0.2 mm、宽度为10 mm的缺陷进行成像检测。这为发展准确、灵敏、高效的纤维增强复合材料太赫兹无损检测技术提供了基础实验数据。     

基于梯度阈值的太赫兹时域信号自适应稀疏算法

胶接结构广泛应用于航空航天等国防领域,但在工艺制作及使用过程可能会产生胶接界面脱粘缺陷和损伤,由于太赫兹无损检测技术对非金属材料良好的穿透性能,已被广泛应用于复合材料的无损检测中,太赫兹无损检测技术在多层胶接结构样件胶层内部缺陷的无损检测方面具有较大优势。利用反射式太赫兹时域光谱系统检测多层胶接结构样件,得到的具有样件内部材料信息的太赫兹时域信号,但信号中还包含了大量的冗余特征和噪声等无效信息,这些无效信息大大降低了信号处理和分析效率。针对这一问题,文中提出了基于二阶梯度法提取太赫兹时域信号有效特征,以飞行时间误差为限制条件基于信号的时域特征自适应确定阈值,稀疏太赫兹时域信号,减少信号中冗余无效信息,实现太赫兹时域信号的有效压缩。然后,通过二值化图像分割识别多高斯恢复信号和太赫兹时域光谱系统检测信号的太赫兹图像缺陷区域。最后,制备具有脱粘缺陷的多层胶接结构样件,开展太赫兹无损检测实验。结果表明：文中算法的数据压缩率达到了81%,相比传统压缩算法离散余弦变换提高了59%,相比主成分分析算法提高了75%,相比K-SVD字典学习算法提高了26%,缩短了约80%的数据计算时间,减小了约95%数...     

葡萄糖溶液的太赫兹光谱观察

生物有机分子的生物功能必须在其水溶液中实现。太赫兹波对水非常敏感,太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)技术能够检测生物分子——水分子界面的集体水分子网络动力学变化,是检测和研究生物有机分子溶液的理想工具。本文利用太赫兹时域光谱技术研究了葡萄糖的分子结构,获得葡萄糖及其不同浓度的溶液在室温氮气环境下的太赫兹时域吸收光谱,以及在室温真空环境下的傅里叶远红外光谱(FTFIR)。结果表明葡萄糖溶液对太赫兹波有特征吸收峰,不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液对太赫兹波的吸收各不相同。故使用太赫兹时域光谱技术能够完成葡萄糖及其不同浓度溶液的鉴别。     

太赫兹光谱技术在气体检测中的应用

相关环境污染信息在太赫兹波段内具有较强的吸收特性,使得利用太赫兹光谱技术探测大气中的污染物成为可能.概述了国内外太赫兹时域光谱技术在气体检测方面的研究历史和发展现状,介绍了不同的气体分子在太赫兹波段的吸收谱,以及对混合气体分子和同素异形体分子的识别.对太赫兹时域光谱技术在气体检测方面的研究方向进行了展望.     

太赫兹无损检测可视化系统的设计

为了改进太赫兹无损检测过程的有效性和可靠性,搭建了一套可以快速进行太赫兹无损检测的可视化系统。系统采用设计的太赫兹调频连续波成像装置来采集检测数据,利用MATLAB的图形用户界面开发一套集成图像处理和3维重构等功能的可视化软件平台来分析数据,并用该系统来检测一个内部含金属的高分子隔热瓦样件。结果表明,搭建的太赫兹无损检测可视化系统能对高分子隔热瓦的内部结构进行有效观察检测,并运用其软件平台的内部图像处理算法进行合理分析,将内部预埋金属缺陷的大小以及轮廓直接显示在计算机上,提高了无损检测结果的准确性,大大降低太赫兹无损检测的难度与数据分析周期。该系统的设计在实际工业应用中具有高效、简洁、实时的特点。     

表面粗糙度对太赫兹反射测量的影响

材料表面粗糙度会影响太赫兹无损检测结果。当材料表面粗糙度在微波区可以忽略不计时,在波长更短的太赫兹频段则需要考虑在内。研究讨论了在太赫兹频率下粗糙表面散射对反射谱的影响。通过考虑单个样品的反射模型,利用基尔霍夫近似可以将粗糙表面的反射信号与光滑表面的反射信号进行关联。此外,采用太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS)系统对不同粗糙度的葡萄糖片进行了测量,并对其反射光谱进行了分析。反射光谱结果表明,由于表面粗糙度引起的漫散射减弱了接收端反射光谱的强度。为了减小粗糙度对光谱的影响,提出了一种能恢复光谱功率的补偿方法。在0.5 THz和1 THz时,具有360目粗糙度规格样品的功率谱分别增加了约3 dB和9 dB。因此,可以认为所提出的粗糙表面光谱补偿方法在未来太赫兹无损检测技术的发展中具有一个特定的参考价值。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.