基于SnS2/InSe异质结的高性能宽带光电探测器(英文)

我们报道了一种基于SnS₂/InSe垂直异质结的宽带光电探测器,其光谱范围为365-965 nm。其中,InSe作为光吸收层,有效扩展了光谱范围,SnS₂作为传输层,与InSe形成异质结,促进了电子-空穴对的分离,增强了光响应。该光电探测器在365 nm下具有813 A/W的响应度。并且,在965nm光照下它仍然具有371 A/W的高响应度,1.3×10⁵%的外量子效率,3.17×10¹² Jones的比探测率,以及27 ms的响应时间。该研究为高响应宽带光电探测器提供了一种新的方法。     

基于硒微米棒的宽光谱响应的光电探测器

采用物理气相沉积法合成硒微米棒,并以银浆为电极制备了金属-半导体-金属结构的光电探测器。该光电探测器在3 V偏压和450 nm光照下具有快速的响应速度（上升时间=41 ms,下降时间=46 ms）,优异的响应度（18.32 mA/W）和探测率（1.65×10⁸ Jones）。光谱测试表明器件具有从可见光到近红外的宽光谱探测能力（450-1550 nm）。此外,该器件还可以在无偏压下进行自供能探测。本研究将进一步完善硒半导体在宽光谱光电探测中的应用和发展。     

热氧化GaN制备的β-Ga2O3基日盲紫外探测器

利用热氧化法将电化学腐蚀制备的多孔GaN薄膜氧化成三维孔隙状β-Ga₂O₃薄膜,分析了多孔GaN薄膜与传统GaN薄膜在氧化机理上的区别,并通过材料表征证明了多孔GaN薄膜能够实现更快的氧化速率。随后将氧化生成的β-Ga₂O₃薄膜制备成MSM型β-Ga₂O₃基日盲紫外探测器,在260nm光照及10V偏压下,器件的响应度为16.9A/W,外量子效率为8×10³%,探测率D*达到了2.03×10¹⁴Jones,能够满足弱光信号的探测需求。此外,器件的瞬态响应具有非常好的稳定性,相应的上升时间为0.75s/4.56s,下降时间为0.37s/3.48s。     

LiYF4:Tm3＋单晶的生长及其光学性能研究

采用坩埚下降法,制备了尺寸为Φ10mm×110mm的高质量Tm³⁺掺杂LiYF₄(YLF :Tm3＋)单晶体。测试了样品的电感耦合等离子(ICP)、X光衍射(XRD)吸收光谱 以及790nm LD激发 下的荧光光谱。应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Tm³⁺在YLF∶Tm3＋单晶 材料中的唯象强度参数Ω_t、能级跃迁振子强度Pexp、 自发辐射跃迁几率A、荧光分支比β和辐射寿命τrad 等光谱参数,同时计算了1800nm波段的吸收截 面和受激发射截面分别 为σabs=0.52×10－20 cm²和σem=0.67×10 －20 cm²。在荧光光谱中观察到1470nm与1 800nm的荧光发射,它们分别对应于Tm³⁺的³H₄→³F ₄与³F₄→³H₆的能级跃迁。测定了1800nm波段的荧光寿命 ,并计算得到³F₄→³H₆跃迁的量子效率为79.22%。     

SiO2钝化膜对非极性AlGaN-MSM紫外探测器的影响

采用SiO₂钝化膜方法对引入低温AlN插入层的高 温MOCVD外延生长的未掺杂的非极性AlGaN外 延薄膜制备了金属-半导体-金属(MSM)结构的紫外光电探测器。研究了磁控溅射SiO₂钝 化膜对探测器光电性能的提 升。暗电流测试表明,钝化处理使探测器的暗电流可以降低了2-3个数量级。在5V偏压下 , 通过光谱响应测试发现,经过钝化处理的探测器在300 nm处具有陡峭 的截止边,具有很好 的深紫外特性,光谱响应范围提高了3个数量级,抑制比高达10⁵。     

截止波长2.2 µm的平面型延伸波长InGaAs探测器

采用闭管扩散的方法成功研制了截止波长2.2 μm的平面型延伸波长InGaAs探测器芯片。在分子束外延法（MBE）生长的In_0.75Al_0.25As/ In_0.75Ga_0.25As/ In_0.75Al_0.25As外延材料上,采用砷化锌作为扩散掺杂源、SiN_x作为扩散掩膜层,实现了扩散成结。分析了扩散结深和载流子侧向收集宽度、I-V特性、光谱响应特性和探测率,结果表明：150 K温度下,器件暗电流密度0.69 nA/cm²@-10 mV,响应截止波长和峰值波长分别为2.12 μm和1.97 μm,峰值响应率为1.29 A/W,峰值量子效率达82%,峰值探测率为1.01×10¹² cmHz^1/2/W。这些结果对后续进一步优化平面型延伸波长InGaAs焦平面探测器有重要的指导意义。     

高量子效率中波InAs/GaSb II类超晶格探测器分子束外延生长及特性

基于分子束外延（MBE）生长技术获得了高量子效率的InAs/GaSb T2SLs中波红外（MWIR）光电探测器结构材料,表现出了层状结构生长的光滑表面和出色的晶体结构均匀性。此超晶格中波红外探测器的50%截止波长约为5.5 μm,峰值响应率为2.6 A/W,77 K下量子效率超过了80%,与碲镉汞的量子效率相当。在77 K,-50 mV偏压下的暗电流密度为1.8×10^-6 A/cm²,最大电阻面积乘积（RA）（-50 mV偏压）为3.8×10⁵Ω·cm²,峰值探测率达到了6.1×10¹² cm Hz^{1 / 2}/W。     

短/中波双色碲镉汞红外探测器性能分析研究

介绍了国内外双色红外探测器的发展现状,并报道了中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所（以下简称“中电十一所”）自行研制的像元间距为30 μm的Si基320×256短/中波双色红外探测器的性能。在77 K测试条件下,短波和中波两个波段的盲元率分别为0.88%和1.47%,平均峰值探测率分别为2.21×10¹² cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1和2.13×10¹¹ cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1,后截止波长分别为3.129 μm和 5.285 μm,且短波向中波波段的光谱串音为1.38%,中波向短波波段的光谱串音为2.82%。同时,该探测器在双波段具有较好的成像效果,为后续更大面阵、更佳性能的多波段探测器研究提供了基础。     

长/长波双色二类超晶格红外探测器研究

报道了长/长波双色二类超晶格红外焦平面探测器组件的研制。通过能带结构设计和分子束外延技术,获得了表面质量良好的长/长波双色超晶格外延材料。突破了长波超晶格低暗电流钝化、低损伤干法刻蚀等关键技术,制备出像元中心距30 μm的320×256长/长波双色InAs/GaSb超晶格焦平面探测器芯片。将芯片与双色读出电路互连,采用杜瓦封装,与制冷机耦合形成探测器组件。组件双波段50%后截止波长分别为7.7 μm（波段1）和10.0 μm（波段2）。波段1平均峰值探测率达到8.21×10¹⁰ cmW^-1Hz^1/2,NETD实现28.8 mK;波段2平均峰值探测率达到6.15×10¹⁰ cmW^-1Hz^1/2,NETD为37.8 mK,获得了清晰的成像效果,实现长/长波双色探测。     

InAs/InAsSb超晶格红外中/中波双色焦平面探测器研制

超晶格材料已经成为了第三代红外焦平面探测器的优选材料。双波段红外探测器能够通过对比两个波段内的光谱信息差异,对复杂的背景进行抑制,提高探测效果,在需求中尤为重要。本文开展了InAs/InAsSb超晶格中/中双色焦平面探测器设计及制备技术研究,从器件设计、材料外延、芯片加工等方面展开研究,制备了中心距30 μm的320×256 InAs/InAsSb二类超晶格中/中波双色焦平面探测器。器件短中波峰值探测率达到7.2×10¹¹ cm·Hz^1/2W^-1,中波峰值探测率为6.7×10¹¹ cm·Hz^1/2W^-1,短中波有效像元率为99.51%,中波为99.13%,获得了高质量的成像效果,实现中中双色探测。     

Morphological and electrical characterization of SixCryCzBv thin films

Si_xCr_yC_zB_v thin films with several compositions have been studied for integration of high precision resistors in 0.8 μm BICMOS technology. These resistors, integrated in the back-end of line, have the advantage to provide high level of integration and attractive electrical behavior in temperature, for analog devices. The film morphology and the structure have been investigated through transmission electron microscopy analysis and have been then related to the electrical properties on the base of the percolation theory. According to this theory, and in agreement with experimental results, negative thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) has been obtained for samples with low Cr content, corresponding to a crystalline volume fraction below the percolation threshold.Samples with higher Cr content exhibit, instead, a variation of the TCR as a function of film thickness: negative TCR values are obtained for thickness lower than 5 nm, corresponding to a crystalline volume fraction below the percolation threshold; positive TCR are obtained for larger thickness, indicating the establishment of a continuous conductive path between the Cr rich grains. This property seems to be determinant in order to assure the possibility to obtain thin film resistors almost independent on the temperature.     

Performance improvement in tensile-strained In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As metamorphic HEMT

This paper proposes a In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As (x=0.3-0.5-0.3) metamorphic high-electron mobility transistor with tensile-strained channel. The tensile-strained channel structure exhibits significant improvements in dc and RF characteristics, including extrinsic transconductance, current driving capability, thermal stability, unity-gain cutoff frequency, maximum oscillation frequency, output power, power gain, and power added efficiency.     

Comparison between Pt/TiO2/Pt and Pt/TaOX/TaOY/Pt based bipolar resistive switching devices

Nonvolatile memories have emerged in recent years and have become a leading candidate towards replacing dynamic and static random-access memory devices. In this article, the performances of TiO₂ and TaO₂ nonvolatile memristive devices were compared and the factors that make TaO₂ memristive devices better than TiO₂ memristive devices were studied. TaO₂ memristive devices have shown better endurance performances (10⁸ times more switching cycles) and faster switching speed (5 times) than TiO₂ memristive devices. Electroforming of TaO₂ memristive devices requires~4.5 times less energy than TiO₂ memristive devices of a similar size. The retention period of TaO₂ memristive devices is expected to exceed 10 years with sufficient experimental evidence. In addition to comparing device performances, this article also explains the differences in physical device structure, switching mechanism, and resistance switching performances of TiO₂ and TaO₂ memristive devices. This article summarizes the reasons that give TaO₂ memristive devices the advantage over TiO₂ memristive devices, in terms of electroformation, switching speed, and endurance.     

Very low-noise Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/Ga/sub 0.65/In/sub 0.35/As/GaAs single quantum-well pseudomorphic HEMTs

AlGaAs/GaInAs/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs with an InAs mole fraction as high as 35% in the channel has been successfully fabricated. The device exhibits a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 700 mS/mm. At 18 GHz, a minimum noise figure of 0.55 dB with 15.0 dB associated gain was measured. At 60 GHz, a minimum noise figure as low as 1.6 dB with 7.6 dB associated gain was also obtained. This is the best noise performance yet reported for GaAs-based HEMTs.<>     

A 12 /spl times/ 12 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode array

We report a 12 /spl times/ 12 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode (APD) array. The mean breakdown voltage of the APD was 57.9 V and the standard deviation was less than 0.1 V. The mean dark current was /spl sim/2 and /spl sim/300 nA, and the standard deviation was /spl sim/0.19 and /spl sim/60 nA at unity gain (V/sub bias/ = 13.5 V) and at 90% of the breakdown voltage, respectively. External quantum efficiency was above 40% in the wavelength range from 1.0 to 1.6 /spl mu/m. It was /spl sim/57% and /spl sim/45% at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m, respectively. A bandwidth of 13 GHz was achieved at low gain.     

Lanthanum diffusion in the TiN/LaOx/HfSiO/SiO2/Si stack

Band edge Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) devices are obtained by insertion of a thin LaO_x layer between the high-k (HfSiO) and metal gate (TiN). High temperature post deposition anneal induces Lanthanum diffusion across the HfSiO towards the SiO₂ interfacial layer, as shown by Time of Flight Secondary Ions Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and Atom Probe Tomography (APT). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflexion mode (ATR-FTIR) shows the formation of La-O-Si bonds at the high-k/SiO₂ interface. Soft X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (S-XPS) is performed after partial removal of the TiN gate. Results confirm La diffusion and changes in the La chemical environment.     

The C-V-f and G/ω-V-f characteristics of Al/SiO2/p-Si (MIS) structures

The frequency dependence of capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/ω-V) characteristics of the Al/SiO₂/p-Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures has been investigated taking into account the effect of the series resistance (R_s) and interface states (N_ss) at room temperature. The C-V and G/ω-V measurements have been carried out in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The frequency dispersion in capacitance and conductance can be interpreted only in terms of interface states and series resistance. The N_ss can follow the ac signal and yield an excess capacitance especially at low frequencies. In low frequencies, the values of measured C and G/ω decrease in depletion and accumulation regions with increasing frequencies due to a continuous density distribution of interface states. The C-V plots exhibit anomalous peaks due to the N_ss and R_s effect. It has been experimentally determined that the peak positions in the C-V plot shift towards lower voltages and the peak value of the capacitance decreases with increasing frequency. The effect of series resistance on the capacitance is found appreciable at higher frequencies due to the interface state capacitance decreasing with increasing frequency. In addition, the high-frequency capacitance (C_m) and conductance (G_m/ω) values measured under both reverse and forward bias were corrected for the effect of series resistance to obtain the real diode capacitance. Experimental results show that the locations of N_ss and R_s have a significant effect on electrical characteristics of MIS structures.     

Highly linear Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N-Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN composite-channel HEMTs

We report an Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N-Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN composite-channel HEMT with enhanced linearity. By engineering the channel region, i.e., inserting a 6-nm-thick AlGaN layer with 5% Al composition in the channel region, a composite-channel HEMT was demonstrated. Transconductance and cutoff frequencies of a 1 /spl times/100 /spl mu/m HEMT are kept near their peak values throughout the low- and high-current operating levels, a desirable feature for linear power amplifiers. The composite-channel HEMT exhibits a peak transconductance of 150 mS/mm, a peak current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 12 GHz and a peak power gain cutoff frequency (f/sub max/) of 30 GHz. For devices grown on sapphire substrate, maximum power density of 3.38 W/mm, power-added efficiency of 45% are obtained at 2 GHz. The output third-order intercept point (OIP3) is 33.2 dBm from two-tone measurement at 2 GHz.     

Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.25) doped-channel field-effect transistors (DCFET's)

The properties of both lattice-matched and strained doped-channel field-effect transistors (DCFET's) have been investigated in AlGaAs/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.25) heterostructures with various indium mole fractions. Through electrical characterization of grown layers in conjunction with the dc and microwave device characteristics, we observed that the introduction of a 150-/spl Aring/ thick strained In/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As channel can enhance device performance, compared to the lattice-matched one. However, a degradation of device performance was observed for larger indium mole fractions, up to x=0.25, which is associated with strain relaxation in this highly strained channel. DCFET's also preserved a more reliable performance after biased-stress testings.<>