CRH2盘形制动系统制动尖叫噪声研究

为了研究高速动车组的制动尖叫噪声,建立CRH2拖车盘形制动系统的摩擦耦合有限元模型,对其进行运动稳定性和制动自激振动的瞬态动力学分析,研究了摩擦因数、闸片以及制动盘弹性模量对制动系统尖叫噪声的影响。结果表明：随着摩擦因数μ的增大,盘形制动系统发生制动尖叫噪声的趋势增加;随着闸片弹性模量的增大,制动系统发生制动尖叫噪声的趋势增加,并且激发的噪声频率也明显变大;随着制动盘弹性模量增大,制动系统发生制动尖叫噪声的趋势先降低后增大。     

制动片表面沟槽结构对盘式制动器热机耦合特性的影响

基于热-位移瞬态分析法,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立盘式制动有限元模型,研究车辆在制动过程中制动片和制动盘的温度分布特性和振动行为。同时,在制动片摩擦面设计出3种不同分布的沟槽结构,研究沟槽分布对制动器热机耦合特性的影响。结果表明,制动片上设计沟槽能够降低摩擦面的温度,其中三沟槽制动片降温效果最好,双沟槽和三沟槽制动片通过形成多个高温区,可改善摩擦面局部过热。此外,制动片表面沟槽结构也能抑制系统的摩擦自激振动,装配双沟槽和三沟槽制动片的制动器制动全程没有产生摩擦自激振动,单沟槽制动片表现为低频摩擦自激振动,而装配光滑制动片的制动器各零件的振动在高频处发生了耦合,整体发生了强烈的摩擦自激振动。     

沟槽织构对盘形制动噪声的影响

基于瞬态动力学原理,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了盘形制动有限元模型,研究车辆在制动过程中制动闸片的振动加速度及应力分布。结合相关仿生学设计,设计了3种有沟槽制动闸片,分析其对制动噪声的影响,发现径向沟槽闸片能有效地抑制连续制动噪声,而环形沟槽闸片不能抑制制动噪声,复合沟槽闸片对噪声的影响不如径向沟槽闸片明显。最后分析了闸片的弹性模量及制动模式对制动噪声的影响,发现弹性模量越小,沟槽对制动噪声的影响也越小,只有足够大的弹性模量,才能有效抑制制动噪声;沟槽无法抑制双侧制动噪声。     

基于瞬态分析法的轮盘制动系统摩擦自激振动研究

在制动噪声的有限元分析方法中,复特征值方法预测得到的不稳定频率过于保守,而瞬态分析方法在理论上可以得到较为真实的不稳定频率。考虑制动闸片与制动盘接触点间的摩擦力耦合作用,基于建立的高速动车轮盘制动系统的有限元模型,采用瞬态分析法对高速动车轮盘制动系统进行摩擦自激振动分析,并与复特征值分析法得到结果的进行比较。结果表明,接触面间法向接触力的振动主频与闸片法向振动的主频一致;制动系统瞬态动力学分析得到的振动主频与其复特征值分析得到的不稳定频率基本相符。     

低温环境下制动参数对列车制动材料摩擦性能的影响

利用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机与温度控制装置模拟低温环境下列车的制动行为,研究了低温环境(-20℃)下制动压力、制动速度对制动盘与制动闸片摩擦磨损性能的影响.研究结果表明,低温环境(-20℃)下制动盘与闸片之间的摩擦因数和磨损率均比室温环境(20℃)下略微提高.在低温环境下,制动压力和制动速度对制动材料摩擦磨损与损伤行为有明显影响.制动盘与闸片之间的摩擦因数随制动压力的增大呈现先减小后趋于稳定的变化趋势;随制动速度增加,摩擦因数呈现先减小后增加的变化趋势.制动盘和闸片的磨损率随制动压力的增大均呈现先增大后趋于稳定的变化趋势,且闸片材料的磨损率均大于制动盘材料的磨损率;随制动速度的增大,制动盘磨损率呈现快速减小的趋势而闸片磨损率呈现先减小后趋于稳定的趋势.随制动压力和制动速度的增大,闸片磨损表面第三体层分布更加均匀,表面剥落坑数量与面积呈减小趋势.     

高速列车盘形制动系统摩擦振动行为动力学分析

针对高速列车盘形制动系统振动噪声问题,建立起具有实际尺寸的高速列车制动系统有限元模型,对比分析了复特征值分析法和瞬时动态分析法在预测其制动振动行为的可靠性和准确性。结果表明,复特征值分析法在求解制动振动噪声问题中会出现明显的"过度预测"现象,相比之下瞬时动态分析法有利于直观观测到制动系统振动演变行为,具有更重要的应用价值。采用瞬时动态分析法对系统参数和制动动力学行为关系进行研究。结果表明,制动夹钳弹性模量的降低有利于降低制动系统摩擦振动幅值,抑制系统的振动主频。闸片托的弹性模量并不会对系统的法向振动特性产生重要影响,但是制动过程产生的切向振动幅值随闸片托弹性模量的降低而逐渐减弱。通过对制动闸片表面进行加工沟槽处理后,能够有效降低制动系统振动强度,同时减弱了振动信号在主频处的能量,但是可能会带来局部区域应力过大和局部磨损的问题。     

制动盘非光滑仿生表面对制动摩擦尖叫行为影响的研究

加工出3种非光滑仿生表面制动盘,即表面沟槽盘、表面圆坑盘和表面沟槽圆坑盘,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对3种非光滑仿生表面制动盘进行制动摩擦尖叫行为有限元分析,并与光滑制动盘进行对比。结果表明,制动器的振动模态主要表现为制动盘的面内和面外振动,并伴随有制动夹钳以及摩擦片的弯曲扭转运动。利用复特征值法计算系统尖叫倾向性系数后发现,制动盘表面经过非光滑仿生处理后,制动器的摩擦尖叫倾向性发生了明显改变,表面沟槽圆坑盘抑制尖叫的效果最佳,而表面沟槽盘在三者之中抑制尖叫的效果最弱。进一步采用瞬时动态分析对结果进行验证,结果表明:制动盘表面经过非光滑仿生处理后,系统振动加速度信号、弹性位移信号以及界面力信号的强度均有所降低,且表面沟槽圆坑盘在降低系统振动强度方面效果最为显著,系统稳定性得到明显提高;但是,由于沟槽和圆坑的棱边可能会形成应力集中区,因此可以采用抛光、打磨等方式对棱边进行一定处理,以提高表面使用寿命。     

转向节特性对盘式制动器尖叫影响的研究

考虑到目前关于盘式制动器尖叫噪声的仿真研究通常忽略了转向节的影响,建立包含转向节部件的盘式制动器有限元模型,利用复特征值分析法对该制动器的振动尖叫特性进行预测分析,重点探讨了转向节的特性对制动尖叫行为的影响.结果表明增大摩擦因数会增强制动系统产生尖叫的倾向和强度,转向节对制动系统不同部件之间的耦合具有重要影响,其模态将...     

沟槽型表面对离合器接合特性的影响研究

基于瞬态动力学原理,利用有限元软件ABAQUS中的显式动力学方法,建立了摩擦离合器系统的有限元模型,研究摩擦离合器在接合过程中的振动加速度信号及应力场分布,并用试验进行验证。结合相关仿生学设计,设计了3种有沟槽的制动闸片,分析沟槽对接合特性的影响。最后分析了沟槽的布置模式及斜置沟槽对接触振动的影响。结果发现:离合器在接合过程中,振动加速度信号出现剧烈变化并逐渐消失,仿真结果符合试验结果;复合沟槽表面能有效地抑制接触振动,径向沟槽表面次之,而环形沟槽闸片不能抑制接触振动;单一摩擦盘上沟槽抑制接触振动的效果没有双侧摩擦盘上沟槽的抑制效果好。斜置沟槽离合器片在接合时的振动幅值低于径向沟槽而高于复合沟槽。     

盘式制动器复模态摩擦耦合制动稳定性分析

为研究影响汽车制动噪声的因素,以通风盘式制动器为研究对象,应用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立制动尖叫有限元模型,通过自由模态试验及制动尖叫台架试验验证了模型正确性,进行复特征值分析和自由模态分析,探讨系统部件自由模态与摩擦耦合模态的关系,摩擦系数及制动系统关键部件刹车盘刹车片的弹性模量对制动稳定性的影响,结果显示在摩擦耦合作用下,系统中固有频率接近的部件产生模态耦合,导致系统不稳定振动;系统摩擦系数越大,摩擦耦合程度也越大,系统不稳定性越大,但主振频率不变;刹车盘和刹车片弹性模量增大分别起到增强和削弱摩擦耦合对系统不稳定性的影响。     

约束对盘形制动摩擦噪声影响的有限元研究

建立了铁路车辆盘形制动装置的三维实体有限元模型,分别为该模型中的制动盘、闸片和夹钳等部件设置了不同的材料特性。利用线性弹簧力模拟制动摩擦面间的法向力,摩擦力取为线性弹簧力与摩擦因数的乘积。通过对系统有限元运动方程进行复特征值分析,根据复特征根实部为正值判断系统发生失稳的模态,这也是可能产生摩擦噪声的模态。仿真结果显示,系统的约束条件对摩擦噪声的形成有显著的影响。改变模型的约束条件,可以抑制制动系统的摩擦噪声发生趋势,说明通过优化设置约束条件来提高摩擦系统的运动稳定性从而抑制摩擦噪声的发生是可行的。     

Squeal analysis of gyroscopic disc brake system based on finite element method

In this paper, the dynamic instability of a car brake system with a rotating disc in contact with two stationary pads is studied. For actual geometric approximation, the disc is modeled as a hat-disc shape structure by the finite element method. From a coordinate transformation between the reference and moving coordinate systems, the contact kinematics between the disc and pads is described. The corresponding gyroscopic matrix of the disc is constructed by introducing the uniform planar-mesh method. The dynamic instability of a gyroscopic non-conservative brake system is numerically predicted with respect to system parameters. The results show that the squeal propensity for rotation speed depends on the vibration modes participating in squeal modes. Moreover, it is highlighted that the negative slope of friction coefficient takes an important role in generating squeal in the in-plane torsion mode of the disc.     

Evaluation of Disc Brake Materials for Squeal Reduction

A nontraditional evaluation tool is introduced to examine the effects of different materials, in practical applications, that are used in fabricating disc brake components for commonly used or special requirements such as heavy-duty performance and racing cars. As an extension to earlier finite element (FE) disc brake models, a detailed FE model of the whole disc brake corner that incorporates the wheel hub and steering knuckle is developed and validated using experimental modal analysis. Stability analysis of the disc brake corner using the finite element software ABAQUS is carried out to predict squeal occurrence also taking into account the negative and positive damping effects and friction material real surface to increase the accuracy of prediction. A Taguchi method–based design of experiment is used to better assess the contributions of different materials and its interaction effects for effective reduction of brake squeal. The results showed that the pad friction material contributes 56% to the total system instability (squeal generation). The rotor material contributes 22% of the system instability. Caliper and bracket materials participate 11 and 11%, respectively.     

Brake squeal analysis by coupling spectral linearization and modal identification methods

Brake squeal is induced by self-excited vibrations, consequences of local nonlinearities at the contact interface. This paper deals with a new way to analyze the brake squeal behavior. The proposed method is based on a spectral linearization of the brake nonlinear dynamic response with unilateral contact and friction conditions. The approach enables to identify modal parameters of an equivalent linear system by a combination of the random decrement technique and the Ibrahim time domain method. It is applied to the analysis of a pad/beam squealing contact. The obtained results are compared to the classical complex eigenvalues analysis and nonlinear temporal dynamic finite element analysis ones.     

基于盘／销装置的摩擦尖叫噪声研究

为了研究摩擦尖叫的产生机理,利用汽车制动盘、摩擦材料及铝合金圆销设计了一种长度可调的盘／销摩擦试验装置,进行了不同销长的摩擦尖叫试验。基于盘／销零件的约束模态试验结果,建立了装置的有限元模型。利用复特征值分析方法研究了销长、摩擦因数、载荷、速度和材料特性等因素对摩擦尖叫噪声的影响。结果表明：当圆销和制动盘间弯曲模态频率相近时会形成模态耦合,系统不稳定,产生摩擦尖叫噪声;通过改进系统结构、适当降低摩擦因数和调整材料特性可以减轻或消除摩擦尖叫。     

Brake squeal: Linear and nonlinear numerical approaches

“Brake squeal” groups a large set of high-frequency sound emissions from brake systems. They are generated during the braking phase and are characterized by a harmonic spectrum. The onset of squeal is due to an unstable behaviour occurring in linear conditions during the braking phase, and a general approach used by several authors to determine the system instabilities is the complex eigenvalues analysis. When the brake begins to squeal, the response of the system reaches a new limit cycle where the linear models cannot be used anymore. This paper presents the integration of two different numerical procedures to identify the mechanism bringing to squeal instability and to analyse its dynamics. The first approach is a finite element modal analysis of the brake system and is used to identify its eigenvalues and to relate them to the squeal occurrence. The second one is a specific finite element programme, Plast3, appropriate for nonlinear dynamic analyses in the time domain and is particularly addressed to study contact problems with friction between deformable bodies. This programme computes the contact stresses and permits to determine the dynamics of the system along the contact surface, both in the linear and nonlinear fields. The two models are compared and the onset of squeal is predicted both in the frequency domain by the linear model and in the time domain by the nonlinear one. The instability predictions, obtained by the two models, are discussed. To simplify the dynamics of its components, the study is carried out on a simple model, made of a disc, a small friction pad and a beam supporting the pad. The geometry of the model is related to an experimental set-up used to validate the models and to compare the numerical results with the experiments.     

Finite element modeling for stick-slip pattern of squeal modes in disc brake

This paper provides the finite element modeling for describing the nonlinear stick-slip response of squealing modes in a disc brake system. The analytical nonlinear contact kinematics is applied to each contact node of the finite element disc and pads. Numerical results show that a portion of the contact area can undergo the stick-slip oscillation. Depending on the size of the stick-slip zone, the corresponding squeal vibration can be either the pure harmonic or periodic oscillation. Particularly, the squeal mode arising from the pad rigid mode generates the periodic stick-slip limit cycle in its steady-squealing response, as opposed that the disc squeal modes become the pure harmonic response.     

汽车盘制动器优化设计热和机械特性的研究(一)

由于热量集中于制动盘的表面造成热弹不稳定性(TEI)而引起热变形.这样可能发生大家知道的低频强烈振动.因为在盘和衬块的接触面间的摩擦系数变化,在摩擦衬决发生尖叫声.通过对热聚集和尖叫现象的联合分析,对高热和机械特性可设计一最佳的盘和摩擦衬块.本文同时考虑了热和机械不稳定性按照盘的厚度,卡钳的加压方式,衬片弧长进行了数值...     

摩擦块形状对制动盘摩擦温度及热应力分布的影响

列车制动产生的摩擦热在制动盘表面的分布与闸片结构密切相关,并影响到制动盘的耐热疲劳程度.基于实际应用的圆形、六边形、三角形3种形状摩擦块的制动闸片,利用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,模拟制动时制动盘的温度及热应力分布情况.结果显示:制动盘摩擦表面温度及热应力呈环形带状分布,沿周向变化不明显,在径向上分布的均匀程度差异较大;其变化程度与摩擦块形状和位置有关,摩擦块为圆形时,盘面的温差和热应力最小,摩擦块为三角形时,盘面的温差和热应力最大;摩擦块的位置分布影响到摩擦副接触弧长度,接触弧长度增加,对应的摩擦环带温度升高;各环带对应的接触弧长度偏差越小,制动盘温度越低,分布也越均匀.