基于QPSO算法的作业车间调度问题的研究

针对现行的遗传算法存在进化速度过慢和过早收敛的局限,以及粒子群优化算法搜索空间有限、容易陷入局部最优点的缺陷,提出将一种基于量子行为的粒子群优化算法应用于作业车间调度问题.将该问题中的每个调度组成一个多维向量,以此向量作为量子粒子群优化算法中的粒子进行进化,由此在解空间内搜索最优解.实例仿真结果表明,该算法收敛速度快、全局收敛性能好,可以得到比遗传算法、粒子群优化算法更佳的调度效果,证明了算法的有效性.     

协同混合粒子群算法求解车间作业调度问题

针对如何有效解决车间作业优化调度问题,提出一种协同粒子群和引力搜索的混合算法。新算法在粒子群算法进化停滞时引入引力搜索算法,利用引力搜索算法进化后期快速寻优的能力,及时跳出局部最优,保证全局最优。同时采用协同原理简化算法结构,提高算法收敛速度。将提出算法对车间作业调度典型测试用例进行仿真,仿真结果表明该算法较PSO和GA等算法在求解车间作业调度问题上更具优越性。     

求解job-shop调度问题的量子粒子群优化算法

针对粒子群优化算法搜索空间有限、容易出现早熟现象的缺陷,提出将量子粒子群优化算法用于求解作业车间调度问题.求解时,将每个调度按照一定的规则编码为一个矩阵,并以此矩阵作为算法中的粒子;然后根据调度目标确定目标函数,并按照量子粒子群优化算法的进化规则在调度空间内搜索最优解.仿真实例结果证明,该算法具有良好的全局收敛性能和快捷的收敛速度,调度效果优于遗传算法和粒子群优化算法.     

一种面向FJSP的混合优化遗传算法

针对柔性作业车间调度问题,传统的优化算法存在运行时间长、运行结果不稳定且不能有效求得近优解等问题.提出一种混合优化遗传算法(mGAs,Modified Genetic Algorithms),采用动态调整交叉概率和变异概率的自适应遗传算法,并使用量子粒子群算法优化染色体的选择算子.通过在经典数据集上与其它若干算法进行实验,结果表明了所提出算法相比同类优化算法,提高了算法的自适应能力,mGAs收敛速度更快、可以有效解决柔性作业车间调度问题,有效求取近优解.     

模拟退火遗传算法在车间作业调度中的应用

研究车间作业调度系统,使资源达到优化配置.针对提高产品质量,缩短周期,传统遗传算法应用于车间作业调度过程中易出现收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优,导致作业调度效率极低.为了提高车间作业调度的效率,提出一种模拟退火遗传算法的车间作业调度方法.在遗传算法种群更新过程引入模拟退火机制,防止早熟现象的产生,使种群在更新迭代过程中保持了多样性,加快了收敛速度,克服遗传算法过早收敛的缺陷.采用的SA-GA算法能够在最短时间找作业调度的最优解,对30个车间作业调度标准测试案例进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,使相对平均误差降低了4.6%,极大的提高了车间作业调度效率,验证了在实际生产中应用的可行和优越性.     

基于记忆库拉马克进化算法的作业车间调度

多种群遗传算法相比遗传算法在性能上能够有所提高,但对具有较多局部最优解的作业车间调度问题,多种群遗传算法仍然难以改善易陷入局部最优解和局部搜索能力差的缺点.因此,提出了一种求解作业车间调度问题的新算法MGA-MBL(multi-population genetic algorithm based on memory-base and Lamarckian evolution for job shop scheduling problem).MGA-MBL在多种群遗传算法的基础上通过引入记忆库策略,不但使子种群间的个体可以进行信息交换,而且有利于保持整个种群的多样性;通过构造基于拉马克进化机制的局部搜索算子来提高多种群遗传算法中子种群进化的局部搜索能力.由于MGA-MBL采用了全局寻优能力较强的模拟退火算法对记忆库中的个体进行优化,从而缓解了多种群遗传算法易陷入局部最优解的问题,并提高了算法求解作业车间调度问题的性能.对著名的benchmark数据进行测试,实验结果证实了MGA-MBL在求解作业车间调度问题上的有效性.     

混合遗传算法在分布式车间作业调度中的应用

分布式车间作业计划与调度是一个典型的组合优化问题,而组合优化问题是遗传算法求解的领域。该文描述了分布式车间作业调度问题及其调度方法,结合分布式车间生产模式的实际情况,将模拟退火算法引入自适应遗传算法,提出了混合遗传算法(GASA);详细地阐述了分布式车间作业计划与调度问题的解决策略和操作过程,并以甘特图的方式给出了计算结果。与其他方法比较,混合遗传算法是解决分布式车间作业计划与调度问题的更为优良的方法。     

求解job shop调度问题的量子粒子群优化算法*

针对粒子群优化算法搜索空间有限、容易出现早熟现象的缺陷,提出将量子粒子群优化算法用于求解作业车间调度问题。求解时,将每个调度按照一定的规则编码为一个矩阵,并以此矩阵作为算法中的粒子;然后根据调度目标确定目标函数,并按照量子粒子群优化算法的进化规则在调度空间内搜索最优解。仿真实例结果证明,该算法具有良好的全局收敛性能和快捷的收敛速度,调度效果优于遗传算法和粒子群优化算法。     

一种求解作业车间调度的混合粒子群算法*

针对车间作业调度问题,提出了一种混合了知识进化算法和粒子群优化的算法。算法主要是结合知识进化算法的进化选择机制和粒子群优化的局部快速收敛性特性,首先让粒子替代知识进化算法中的进化个体,在群体空间中按粒子群优化规则寻找局部最优,然后根据知识进化算法的全局选择机制寻找全局最优,最后,将车间作业调度问题的特点融入到所提出的混合算法中求解问题。采用基准数据进行测试的仿真实验,并比对标准遗传算法,结果表明所提算法的有效性。     

求解车间作业调度问题的混合遗传模拟退火算法

为了克服传统遗传算法解决车间作业调度问题的局限性,结合遗传算法(GA)和模拟退火算法(SA)的优点,提出一种混合遗传模拟退火算法(GASA),以便高效地解决车间作业调度问题.该算法既发挥了遗传算法收敛速度快、模拟退火算法搜索面广的优点,又克服了前者收敛容易早熟而后者收敛速度较慢的问题.在算法的操作细节上,加入自适应调整的遗传操作及最优个体保留策略,以及增加记忆功能的模拟退火操作与收敛准则.从而既防止了算法会陷入局部最优解的问题,又提高了算法的收敛速度及搜索效率.将提出的混合遗传模拟退火算法(GASA)应用于Muth和Thompson基准问题的实验运行,证明了该算法的高效性和有效性.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.