Dissolution kinetics of low grade complex copper ore in ammonia-ammonium chloride solution

The leaching kinetics of Tang-dan refractory low grade complex copper ore was investigated in ammonia-ammonium chloride solution. The concentration of ammonia and ammonium chloride, the ore particle size, the solid-to-liquid ratio and the temperature were chosen as parameters in the experiments. The results show that temperature, concentration of ammonia and ammonium chloride have favorable influence on the leaching rate of copper oxide ores. But, leaching rate decreases with increasing particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio. The leaching process is controlled by the diffusion of the lixiviant and the activation energy is determined to be 23.279 kJ/mol. An equation was also proposed to describe the leaching kinetics.     

Effect of temperature,oxygen partial pressure and calcium lignosulphonate on chalcopyrite dissolution in sulfuric acid solution

The pressure leaching mechanism of chalcopyrite was studied by both leaching tests and in-situ electrochemical measurements. The effects of leaching temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and calcium lignosulphonate, on copper extraction and iron extraction of chalcopyrite pressure leaching were investigated. The leaching rate is accelerated by increasing the leaching temperature from 120 to 150 °C and increasing oxygen partial pressure to 0.7 MPa. The release of iron is faster than that of copper due to the formation of iron-depleted sulfides. Under the optimal leaching conditions without calcium lignosulphonate, the copper and iron extraction rates are 79% and 81%, respectively. The leaching process is mixedly controlled by surface reaction and product layer diffusion with an activation energy of 36.61 kJ/mol. Calcium lignosulphonate can effectively remove the sulfur passive layer, and the activation energy is 45.59 kJ/mol, suggesting that the leaching process with calcium lignosulphonate is controlled by surface chemical reactions. Elemental sulfur is the main leaching product, which is mixed with iron-depleted sulfides and leads to the passivation of chalcopyrite. Electrochemical studies suggest that increasing the oxygen partial pressure leads to increasing the cathodic reaction rate and weakening the passivation of chalcopyrite.     

Accelerating column leaching trial on copper sulfide ore

The main measures to accelerate leaching sulfide ore are large spraying intensity,manual oxygen supply,temperature control,and acclimated bacteria.The indoor experiment accelerating sulfide ore leaching detected the temperature during leaching process,dissolvability of oxygen,bacterial concentration,Cu concentration and slag grade.At the same time,this paper also analyzed the effect of four factors,which are bacterial diversity cultivation stage,spraying intensity,air supply,and whether to control temperature,on the leaching efficiency of copper.The results indicate that the oxygen content of leach solution has a close relationship with temperature but it is rarely affected by air supply.The bacterial concentration preserves from 106 to 107 mL^-1,and temperature has a great effect on the bacterial activity under the condition of proper temperature and oxygen supply,and the lack of nutrition prevents the bacterial concentration from rising in the late stage.The relationships of the copper leaching efficiency to temperature,air feed,and spraying intensity are directly proportional.The leaching efficiencies of the cultivated bacteria and acclimation bacteria are 1.2 and 1.4 times as large as that of the original bacteria.     

Study on bioleaching of primary chalcopyrite ore with thermoacidophilic archae

A high temperature-tolerating thermoacidophilic archae （TA） was isolated from water samples collected from a hot sulfur-containing spring in the Yunnan Province, China, and was used in bioleaching experiments of a low-grade chalcopyrite ore. The TA grow at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80℃, with 65℃ being the optimum temperature, and at pH values of l.5 to 4.0, with an optimum pH value of 2.0. The bioleaching experiments of the chalcvpyrite ore were conducted in both laboratory batch bioreactors and leaching columns. The results obtained from the bioreactor experiments showed that the TA bioleaching rate of copper reached 97% for a 12-day leaching period, while the bioleaching rate was 32.43% for thiobacillus ferrooxidans （Tf） leaching for the same leaching time. In the case of column leaching, tests of a two-phase leaching （196 days）, that is, a two-month （56 days） Tf leaching in the first phase, followed by a 140-day TA leaching in the second phase were performed. The average leaching rate of copper achieved for the 140-day TA leaching was 195mg/（L.d）, while for the control experiments, it was as low as 78mg/（L .d） for the Tf leaching, indicating that the TA possesses a more powerful oxidizing ability to the chalcopyrite than Tf Therefore, it is suggested that the two-phase leaching process be applied to .for the heap leaching operations, whereas, the TA can be used in the second phase when the temperature inside the heap has increased, and the primary copper sulfide minerals have already been partially oxidized with Tf beforehand in the first phase.     

银离子在氧化浸出黄铜矿中的动力学研究

研究了银离子在氧化剂A氧化浸出黄铜矿中的动力学,讨论了Ag^ 添加、Ag^ 浓度、氧化剂A浓度、黄铜矿粒度等因素对浸出过程的影响。研究结果表明,扩散控制模型可以很好地描述氧化剂A氧化浸出黄铜矿液-固反应过程;在实验范围内,确定了反应的比速率常数、反应级数及表观活化能,并根据实验数据,导出动力学方程为：1-2/3a-(1-a)^2/3=0.0685r。^-1[Ag^ ]^0.27exp(-25096/RT)t     

Leaching of complex sulphide concentrate in acidic cupric chloride solutions

The chemical analysis of a complex sulphide concentrate by emission spectrometry and X-ray diffraction shows that it contains essentially copper, lead, zinc and iron in the form of chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. A small amount of pyrite is also present in the ore but does not be detected with X-ray diffraction. The cupric chloride leaching of the sulphide concentrate at various durations and solid/liquid ratios at 100 ℃ shows that the rate of dissolution of the ore is the fastest in the first several hours, and after 12 h it does not evolve significantly. If oxygen is excluded from the aqueous cupric chloride solution during the leaching experiment at 100 ℃, the pyrite in the ore will not be leached. The determination of principal dissolved metals in the leaching liquor by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, and the chemical analysis of solid residues by emission spectrometry and X-ray diffraction allow to conclude that the rate of dissolution of the minerals contained in the complex sulphide concentrate are in the order of galena 〉 sphalerite 〉 chalcopyrite.     

STUDY ON BIOLEACHING OF PRIMARY CHALCOPYRITE ORE WITH THERMOACIDOPHLIC ARCHAE

A high temperature-tolerating thermoacidophilic archae (TA) was isolated from water samples collected from a hot sulfur-containing spring in the Yunnan Province, China, and was used in bioleaching experiments of a low-grade chalcopyrite ore. The TA grow at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80℃, with 65℃ being the optimum temperature, and at pH values of 1.5 to 4.0, with an optimum pH value of 2.0. The bioleaching experiments of the chalcopyrite ore were conducted in both laboratory batch bioreactors and leaching columns. The results obtained from the bioreactor experiments showed that the TA bioleaching rate of copper reached 97% for a 12-day leaching period, while the bioleaching rate was 32.43% for thiobacillus ferrooxidans (Tf) leaching for the same leaching time. In the case of column leaching, tests of a two-phase leaching (196 days), that is,a two-month (56 days) Tf leaching in the first phase, followed by a 140-day TA leaching in the second phase were performed. The average leaching rate of copper achieved for the 140-day TA leaching was 195mg/(L· d), while for the control experiments, it was as low as 78mg/(L· d) for the Tf leaching, indicating that the TA possesses a more powerful oxidizing ability to the chalcopyrite than Tf. Therefore, it is suggested that the two-phase leaching process be applied to for the heap leaching operations, whereas, the TA can be used in the second phase when the temperature inside the heap has increased, and the primary copper sulfide minerals have already been partially oxidized with Tf beforehand in the first phase.     

Mechanism of influence of ferric ion on electrogenerative leaching of sulfide minerals with FeCl3

1 Introduction Electrogenerative leaching process is a newly- developed technique in hydrometallurgy. Although its principle has developed since the late 1960s[1], this technique has been overlooked in metallurgy until ZHANG et al[2] introduced it to the …     

钒钛磁铁矿提钒尾渣浸取钒

采用硫酸氢氟酸次氯酸钠组合浸出体系浸取钒钛磁铁矿提钒尾渣中的钒,研究浸出过程中试剂浓度、浸出液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间、物料粒度对钒浸出率的影响。结果表明:钒的浸出率随试剂浓度、液固比、温度和时间的升高而增大;当矿物粒度小于0.20 mm时,钒浸出率有随矿物粒度变小而减小的趋势。在物料粒度0.15~0.25 mm、初始硫酸浓度150 g/L、初始氢氟酸浓度30 g/L、次氯酸钠加入量为矿量1.5%、矿浆液固比6:1、浸出温度90℃、浸出时间6 h、搅拌速度500 r/min的条件下,钒的浸出率可达85%以上。     

加压碱浸处理氰化浸出法回收汽车废催化剂中的贵金属

为提高铂族金属的浸出回收率,针对前期研究提出的汽车废催化剂先经加压碱浸处理而后再加压氰化浸出铂族金属的新工艺,变动预处理反应过程各种工艺参数,考察了对后续铂族金属氰化浸出指标的影响。结果表明:预处理可打开汽车废催化剂载体对铂族金属的包裹,有利于其氰化浸出;但物料粒度过细或反应碱用量过大、温度过高、时间过长均容易形成新相重新包裹,不利于氰化试剂与铂族金属有效接触;预处理渣进一步湿磨,可消除包裹,提高氰化浸出率;在实验最佳条件下,铂族金属氰化浸出率分别可达到:Pt 96%、Pd 98%、Rh92%。     

Kinetic study on pressure leaching of high iron sphalerite concentrate

The kinetics of pressure leaching high iron sphalerite concentrate was studied.The effects of agitation rate,temperature, oxygen partial pressure,initial acid concentration,particle size,iron content in the concentrate and concentration of Fe2 added into the solution on the leaching rate of zinc were examined.The experiment results indicate that if the agitation rate is greater than 600 r/min,its influence on Zn leaching rate is not substantial.A suitable rise in temperature can facilitate the leaching reaction,and the temperature should be controlled at 140-150℃.The increase trend of Zn leaching rate becomes slow when pressure is greater than 1.2 MPa,so the pressure is controlled at 1.2-1.4 MPa.Under the conditions of this study,Zn leaching rate decreases with a rise in the initial sulfuric acid concentration;and Zn leaching rate increases with a rise of iron content in the concentrate and Fe 2 concentration in the solution.Moreover,the experiment demonstrates that the leaching process follows the surface chemical reaction control kinetic law of“shrinking of unreacted core”.The activation energy for pressure leaching high iron sphalerite concentrate is calculated,and a mathematical model for this pressure leaching is obtained.The model is promising to guide the practical operation of pressure leaching high iron sphalerite concentrate.     

三水型铝土矿盐酸浸出过程的热力学研究

针对低品位三水型铝土矿使用拜耳法提取氧化铝存在溶出率低的情况,采用盐酸法浸出,利用X衍射分析和半定量分析手段研究铝土矿的矿物组成和化学组成,并对矿石中主要有价金属的浸出反应进行热力学分析.结果表明:铝土矿的主要成分为三水铝石,其次是针铁矿和石英,以及锐钛矿等,其主要矿物三水铝石和针铁矿的酸浸反应很容易进行,在配矿液固比100∶7、浸出时间2h、矿石粒度小于55 μm、盐酸浓度10％、浸出温度373～383K的条件下矿物中铁和铝的浸出率均在95％以上,浸出渣主要成分为SiO2,易于综合利用.     

混合高温菌浸出黄铜矿及浸出过程中微生物群落的演替

研究3株极端嗜热古菌(金属硫叶菌,Sulfolobus metallicus JCM 9184;瑟杜生金属球菌,Metallosphaera sedula JCM 9185和万座酸菌,Acidianus manzaensis YN25)在不同起始pH值和不同温度条件下对黄铜矿的混合浸出,并对浸矿过程中混合菌群落的动态演替进行分析.结果表明:在起始pH 1.5时的铜浸出率明显高于在起始pH 2.5时的铜浸出率,而65 ℃条件下的铜浸出率高于75 ℃时的铜浸出率.利用限制性长度多态性(RFLP)分析65 ℃、起始pH 1.5条件下的微生物群落演替,结果显示:在黄铜矿的浸出前期Sulfolobus metallicus是占据优势的菌种,而到后期Acidianus manzaensis的比例则会上升,并最后取代Sulfolobus metallicus成为优势种.     

氯化银在含氯离子的亚硫酸钠溶液中的浸出研究

利用配位化学理论,研究了pH值、亚硫酸钠浓度、氯离子浓度对亚硫酸钠浸出氯化银的影响.结果表明:pH值的增大和亚硫酸钠浓度的提高,使与银配位的亚硫酸根离子增多,从而氯化银的溶解度明显提高;在亚硫酸钠循环浸出氯化银的过程中,溶液中不断积累的氯离子导致浸银效果逐渐变差.结合工业生产,确定了亚硫酸钠浓度为2mol/L,控制每次浸出液中银的浓度为30g/L时,亚硫酸钠溶液可以循环浸出氯化银11次.     

氧氯协同对304L不锈钢在高温高压硼锂水中应力腐蚀开裂的影响

采用高温高压慢应变速率拉伸试验方法(SSRT),研究了饱和氧环境下不同氯离子浓度对304 L不锈钢在高温高压硼锂水介质中氯致应力腐蚀开裂的影响。结果表明:在一定浓度范围内有氧无氯或者有氯无氧环境下,304L不发生应力腐蚀开裂。在空气饱和氧条件下,氯离子浓度在1 mg/L至10 mg/L之间变化时,应力腐蚀敏感性随浓度变化不大;而当氯离子浓度大于20 mg/L时,应力腐蚀敏感性随浓度的增加变化很大,当氯离子浓度为50 mg/L,304L几乎完全为脆性断裂。     

微生物浸出黄铜矿适应性研究

采用微生物浸矿技术,以西部矿业黄铜矿为对象,进行了从黄铜矿中提取铜的实验研究。菌种为氧化亚铁杆菌（T.f）。先进行菌种富集制备T．f菌浸出液,用细菌摇瓶浸出法做实验,了解影响浸出率的各种技术因素。研究结果得出,西部矿业黄铜矿在一般温度（25℃）下,T．f菌浸液的起始pH值为2．5,细菌浸出效果良好,浸出率平均在40％～65％之间,最高达到67％左右。为明确了解T．f菌浸出的效果,进行了无菌化学浸出的平行实验,两组系列实验结果得出,在整个浸出过程中,有菌浸出与无菌浸出相比,前期有菌浸出占有明显优势,但在后期浸出,效果与无菌浸出相当。这是由于有菌浸出后期pH值较前期低,不利于细菌的生长繁殖,此时,浸出时应使用pH值控制器,使其pH保持在合适的范围内,就能继续高的浸出速率。     

Kinetics of indium dissolution from marmatite with high indium content in pressure acid leaching

The kinetics of oxygen pressure acid leaching marmatite with high indium content was studied. The effects of particle size, agitation rate, temperature, H_2SO_4 concentration, and oxygen partial pressure on leaching rate of indium were investigated. The results show that when the agitation rate is above 600 r-min~(-1), its influence on indium leaching rate is insignificant. It is determined that the leaching rates increase with the increase in sulfuric acid concentration, temperature, partial oxygen pressure, and the decrease in particle size. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the process of indium leaching is controlled by interface chemical reaction, with apparent activation energy of 65.7 k J-mol~(-1). The apparent reaction orders of sulfuric acid and oxygen partial pressure are determined to be 0.749 and 1.260, respectively. The leaching reaction process follows shrinking unreacted core model. And finally, the kinetics model equation is established for indium.     

氧压酸浸处理锌焙砂中浸渣的新工艺研究

锌焙砂一般采用中性-低酸-高酸三段浸出工序,该工艺在酸浸出中浸渣的过程中,铁也大量浸出进入到溶液中,加重了净化电积前除铁的负担。通过将传统锌湿法冶金工艺与氧压酸浸新工艺相结合,研究了氧压酸浸处理中浸渣的氧气压力、硫酸浓度、温度、浸出时间、粒度、液固比和分散剂等相关因素的影响。实验结果表明该工艺不仅提高了锌的浸出率（〉98％）,降低了铁的浸出率（〈50％）,缩短了生产周期,降低了生产成本,具有良好的经济效益;而且还具有环境友好和资源利用率高等优点,实现了简化工艺和节能减排的目的,为工业化生产提供了参考．     

富银低品位锰矿和闪锌矿的联合氧压酸浸

进行了硫化锌和含银低品位锰矿联合氧压酸浸的小型试验,以考察影响浸出的各种因素,诸如浸出温度、浸出时间、氧分压和搅拌速度.实验在2L的高压釜内进行.实验结果表明,硫化锌和含银低品位锰矿能相互促进浸出,但这种耦合作用须在一定条件下才会起作用.作者对一些浸出做了探讨.为下一步扩大试验的需要,本文给出了合理的浸出条件:浸出温度, 110℃; 浸出时间,2h; 氧分压, 0.6MPa; 硫酸用量, 1.2倍理论用量.     

Galena-pyrolusite co-extraction in sodium chloride solution and its electrochemical analysis

The co-extraction behavior of galena-pyrolusite in a sodium chloride solution and the electrochemical mechanism of this process were investigated, and some factors affecting the leaching rate of Pb and Mn were optimized. The results show that all the factors such as the concentration of NaCl, HCl and pyrolusite ore, reaction time, temperature, adding times of HCl, affect the leaching rate of Pb. The main affecting factors are the concentration of NaCl, reaction time and temperature. The Tafel polarization curves and EIS plots of the galena and pyrolusite in the NaCl solution demonstrate that during the oxidation process of galena mineral electrode, film forms on the galena surface, which prevents galena from deeper oxidation. However, the film resistance can be greatly reduced in the presence of sodium chloride, thus promoting the reaction rate of galena.