生物降解材料——聚乳酸改性研究进展

综述了近几年聚乳酸生物降解材料的改性进展.改性方法分为化学改性和物理改性.化学改性包括共聚、交联、表面修饰等,主要是通过改变聚合物大分子或表面结构改善其脆性、疏水性及降解速率等;物理改性主要是通过共混、增塑及纤维复合等方法实现对聚乳酸的改性.     

聚乳酸的增韧改性及其与淀粉共混物的研究进展

介绍了近年来聚乳酸在生物降解材料研究领域的增韧改性及其与淀粉共混物的研究进展。     

增塑剂对聚乳酸性能影响的研究

采用熔融共混法,以丙三醇、乙酰柠檬酸三正丁酯(ATBC)以及邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)作为增塑剂,对聚乳酸(PLA)进行增塑改性,讨论了不同的增塑剂及含量对改性PLA性能的影响.结果表明,3种增塑剂均能提高PLA的韧性,其中利用ATBC增塑改性时效果最好,且当其含量为15～20 份时,改性PLA的力学性能较佳;随着ATBC的含量增加,PLA的熔体流动性进一步增强,熔点(Tm)、玻璃化转变温度(Tg)以及结晶温度均有所下降,PLA的结晶能力增强,维卡热变形温度呈先下降后上升的趋势,改性PLA的吸水率有所降低,降解率有所上升.     

生物降解材料聚乳酸的合成

系统地介绍了包括丙交酯二步法、乳酸溶液聚合法和乳酸熔融聚合法在内的各种聚乳酸合成方法；并从安全和经济的观点出发，对聚乳酸的合成研究方向进行了展望，指出使用安全无毒的催化剂进行乳酸直接熔融聚合生产聚乳酸尤其值得大力开发。     

聚乳酸的改性及应用

详述了采用共聚、交联、共混、复合等方法对聚乳酸进行改性以改善其亲水性、生物相容性及其物理机械性能;介绍了聚乳酸在生物医学工程领域的应用,如药物缓释材料、骨固定材料、手术缝合线、眼科材料等,对其在生物医学领域的研究前景作了展望。     

聚乳酸改性的研究进展

概述了近年来国内外聚乳酸通过共聚、共混、复合等方法获得改性材料的研究进展，并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

生物降解聚乳酸合金最新进展及展望

系统论述了生物降解聚乳酸(PLA)合金复合材料的最新研究进展,着重介绍了聚乳酸合金中有巨大商用潜力的完全生物基降解高分子合金体系:PLA/淀粉合金、PLA/纤维素合金、PLA/聚ε-己内酯合金、PLA/聚酰胺合金、PLA/聚羟基脂肪酸酯合金、PLA/壳聚糖合金及PLA/稀土多元复合材料等。并提出利用稀土离子独特的4f电子亚层能级的空轨道与聚乳酸生物基复合材料中的羰基、羟基等含氧官能团配位来改善聚乳酸合金复合材料的综合性能,这为设计开发新型稀土-聚乳酸复合材料提供了新的思路,为聚乳酸产业化进程提供新的契机。     

聚乳酸生物降解地膜研究进展

综述了近年来聚乳酸生物降解地膜的研究进展,主要介绍了聚乳酸生物降解地膜的发展现状、改性研究及加工应用等,同时对聚乳酸生物降解地膜存在的问题及发展前景进行了分析与展望。     

改性聚乳酸材料的堆肥降解性能研究

依据GB/T 19277.1—2011测试方法,研究了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)改性聚乳酸(PLA)材料在受控堆肥条件下的生物降解性能。结果表明:PLA含量为80%以上的PLA/ABS共混材料具有较好的生物降解性能,且经堆肥降解试验后的培养土的挥发性固体含量、pH值与试验前接近。     

新型生物降解材料聚乳酸综述

简介了可生物降解高分子材料聚乳酸的性能特点,综述了其合成方法的研究现状,发展趋势和应用前景.     

可生物降解聚乳酸类胶粘剂的研究进展

对可生物降解的聚乳酸类胶粘剂的种类、应用及最新的研究进展等几个方面进行了综述。特别介 绍了工业用聚乳酸类胶粘剂和医学用聚乳酸类胶粘剂的研究进展。     

聚乳酸共聚改性及应用研究进展

综述了聚乳酸共聚增韧改性的研究进展,详细介绍了直接缩聚法、开环聚合法、扩链剂法等聚乳酸的共聚改性方法,其中直接缩聚法得到的聚合物的相对分子质量较低,开环聚合法得到的聚合物的相对分子质量较高,扩链剂可以与其他2种方法配合使用。最后,综述了聚乳酸共聚物在医学领域及包装领域的应用研究进展。     

聚乳酸阻燃改性研究进展

聚乳酸是目前最具前景的生物基可降解材料之一,具有诸多优点而被广泛应用于生物医疗与家纺服饰等领域。然而,聚乳酸材料仍存在着易燃烧的不足,限制了其在阻燃要求较高领域的应用与发展,因此聚乳酸阻燃改性迫在眉睫。为更好地掌握聚乳酸阻燃改性现状与发展趋势,本文首先简要介绍了聚乳酸的燃烧过程与阻燃机理,为聚乳酸阻燃改性提供了理论指导。其次,全面综述了聚乳酸阻燃改性的最新进展,包括物理共混、化学共聚与表面修饰等方法,重点阐述了聚乳酸物理共混阻燃改性现状,同时分析总结了不同添加型阻燃剂的优缺点。最后,结合聚乳酸结构特点与阻燃材料发展态势,提出绿色环保、多功能性、高效稳定等阻燃聚乳酸材料将成为未来发展趋势。     

聚乳酸（PLA）的合成及应用进展

聚乳酸是近年来广泛应用，生物相容性和生物可降解性能良好的生物材料。综述了聚乳酸的合成，聚合机理以及应用等方面研究的最新进展，对未来的工作进行了展望。     

催化剂对L-乳酸和乙醇酸共聚物结构性能的影响

以L-乳酸(LA)和乙醇酸(GA)(LA:GA摩尔比为20:80)为原料,在170℃、压力小于70 Pa下反应10 h,直接熔融聚合合成乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物(PLGA),研究了催化剂种类、催化剂用量以及复配催化剂比例对PLGA特性粘数的影响。结果表明,使用复合催化剂氯化亚锡(SnC l2)与对甲基苯磺酸(TSA),摩尔比为1:1,其中SnC l2相对LA与GA的总质量的质量分数为0.4%时,所得PLGA产物的特性粘数较高,为0.352 dL/g。红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表明,PLGA为LA与GA共聚物,共聚产物中GA比例大于投料值,由差示扫描量热分析和X射线衍射分析表明,PLGA为非结晶高聚物。     

Thermal and mechanical properties of biodegradable blends of poly(L‐lactic acid) and lignin

The thermal and mechanical properties of the biodegradable blends of poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and lignin prepared by manual mixing have been investigated. Both the results of DSC and FTIR spectral analyses indicated the existence of intermolecular interaction between PLLA and lignin. Furthermore, FTIR elucidated the existence of an intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interaction. Study of the mechanical properties of the blends indicated that the maximum strength and the elongation of the material decreased and the Young's modulus remained almost constant when the lignin content reached 20%. Thermogravimetry indicated that lignin would accelerate the thermal degradation of PLLA when the content of lignin was more than 20%. Compared with some other biodegradable polymers, the blend of PLLA and lignin is thought to be a promising material, because the material properties, as well as the price, are at an acceptable level when the content of lignin is less than about 20%. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

Study on biodegradable polymer materials based on poly(lactic acid). I. Chain extending of low molecular weight poly(lactic acid) with methylenediphenyl diisocyanate

Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) was used as the chain extender for low molecular weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to produce high molecular weight biodegradable polymer material with a better heat resistance. PLA prepolymer with a number‐average molecular weight (M_n) of 5800 and a weight‐average molecular weight (M_w) of 9800 was produced by direct polycondensation using stannous octoate as the catalyst. After 40 min of chain extension at 175°C, the resulting polymer had a M_n of 15,000 and a M_w of 57,000. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of the low molecular weight PLA prepolymer was 48.6°C. After chain extension, the T_g of the resulting polymer was raised to 67.9°C, as determined by DSC. DMA results also indicate that the heat resistance was improved by the chain extension. The DSC spectrum and X‐ray diffraction pattern of annealed samples showed that both the crystallinity and rate of crystallization of PLA were lowered by chain‐extension reaction due to the formation of branched molecular structure. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2546–2551, 1999     

Biodegradable polymer blends of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were melt-blended and extruded into films in the PLA/PEG ratios of 100/0, 90/10, 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70. It was concluded from the differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis results that PLA/PEG blends range from miscible to partially miscible, depending on the concentration. Below 50% PEG content the PEG plasticized the PLA, yielding higher elongations and lower modulus values. Above 50% PEG content the blend morphology was driven by the increasing crystallinity of PEG, resulting in an increase in modulus and a corresponding decrease in elongation at break. The tensile strength was found to decrease in a linear fashion with increasing PEG content. Results obtained from enzymatic degradation show that the weight loss for all of the blends was significantly greater than that for the pure PLA. When the PEG content was 30% or lower, weight loss was found to be primarily due to enzymatic degradation of the PLA. Above 30% PEG content, the weight loss was found to be mainly due to the dissolution of PEG. During hydrolytic degradation, for PLA/PEG blends up to 30% PEG, weight loss occurs as a combination of degradation of PLA and dissolution of PEG. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1495–1505, 1997     

Enhancing the durability of poly(lactic acid) composites by nucleated modification

Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared using an innovative combination of wood fiber (WF) and 1,3,2,4‐bis(3,4‐dimethylobenzylideno)sorbitol (DMDBS). DMDBS acted as an effective nucleating agent, which improved the mechanical properties and slowed down the degradation of the WF/PLA composites. The enzymatic degradation of the composites was examined by immersing in proteinase K or cellulase buffer. The presence of DMDBS resulted in a 26.7% increase of the crystallinity compared to the WF/PLA composites. The increase in crystallinity enhanced the thermal stability and tensile strength of the WF/DMDBS/PLA composites by 8.5%. The durability of the WF/DMDBS/PLA composites after nucleated modification was enhanced after enzymolysis. After nucleated modification, the surface of the WF/PLA composites showed clear cracks due to degradation, while these appeared about 2 weeks later in the case of the WF/DMDBS/PLA composites. The results revealed that the introduction of cellulase degraded WF in the composites, which increased hydrolysis or enzymolysis sites. The combination of nucleated modification and enzyme buffer gave an expanded downstream application of WF/PLA composites in packaging and agricultural materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚（乳酸⁃乙醇酸）薄膜制备及其性能研究

以左旋乳酸（L?LA）和乙醇酸（GA）为原料,利用一步法熔融共聚合成聚（乳酸?乙醇酸）（PLLGA）共聚物,通过差示扫描量热仪（DSC）对共聚物薄膜的结晶性能进行了表征,并利用Avrami方程对其进行了等温结晶动力学研究,通过万能拉伸试验机和压差法气体透过仪对共聚物薄膜的力学性能和气体阻隔性能进行测试。结果表明,PLLGA共聚物薄膜中GA的引入对材料结晶性能有较大影响,在GA含量为4 %（摩尔分数,下同）的PLLGA中,GA表现为成核剂作用,共聚物结晶比纯聚左旋乳酸（PLLA）薄膜快,半结晶时间减少;而在GA含量为8 %的PLLGA中,GA则表现出限制分子链运动的作用,破坏共聚物分子间的规整度,导致材料结晶性能大幅度降低,处于非晶态;随着GA含量的增加,PLLGA薄膜的拉伸强度和弹性模量逐步下降,而断裂伸长率大幅度增加,GA含量为8 %的PLLGA的断裂伸长率达到了130.1 %,是纯PLLA薄膜的21.3倍;同时,PLLGA薄膜的气体阻隔性显著增加,5 ℃时,相比于纯PLLA薄膜,GA含量为8 %的PLLGA薄膜的O₂、CO₂、N₂透过量分别降低了47 %、41 %和39 %。