AZ91镁合金表面铈基稀土转化膜的制备及腐蚀电化学行为

考察了铈盐溶液中的AZ91镁合金电化学行为,包括开路电位,阴、阳极极化行为等,并据此开展了Ce(NO3)3为主盐的稀土盐转化膜研究,在AZ91镁合金表面形成无毒、无污染的铈盐化学转化膜,并研究成膜规律及其耐蚀行为.采用电化学阻抗谱技术优化了处理时间、温度、Ce(NO3)3液浓度和促进剂等因素对膜层结构和膜层耐蚀性能的影响,并获得了最好的成膜条件:处理温度为35℃,时间为30 min,主盐Ce(NO3)3的浓度为0.02 mol/L和促进剂H2O2浓度为4 mL/L.结果表明:采用优化后的工艺能够在AZ91镁合金表面获得宏观黄色致密、微观具有微小裂纹并分层的膜层,表层Ce含量较高.工艺优化制备的稀土化学转化膜能有效提高镁合金的耐蚀性能,有效抑制阴、阳极反应,自腐蚀电位提高250 mV,自腐蚀电流密度降低2个数量级.长期全浸实验结果表明,转化膜能有效提高镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,浸泡60 h后,保护性大大降低.     

Preparation and Corrosion resistance of Cerium-based Chemical Conversion Coating on AZ91 Magnesium alloy

采用Ce(NO3)3为主盐的稀土盐处理溶液,在AZ91镁合金表面形成无毒,无污染的铈盐化学转化膜,并研究成膜规律及其耐蚀行为。利用对膜层的外加扰动小,更易得到重复性高结果的电化学阻抗谱技术评价膜层耐蚀性能。初步优化了处理时间、温度、Ce(NO3)3液浓度和促进剂等因素对膜层结构和膜层耐蚀性能的影响,并获得了最好的成膜条件：温度35℃,时间为30min,处理液主盐Ce(NO3)3的浓度为0.02mol/l和4ml/l成膜促进剂。结果表明：优化后的工艺能够在AZ91镁合金表面获得宏观黄色致密,微观具有微小裂纹并分层的膜层,内层膜Ce含量较外层的低但致密。工艺优化制备的稀土化学转化膜能有效提高镁合金的耐蚀性能,有效抑制阴阳极反应,自腐蚀电位提高240mV,自腐蚀电流密度降低达到2个数量级。     

ZM-5镁合金锰盐、铈盐转化膜性能探讨

对ZM-5镁合金表面高锰酸盐转化膜、铈盐转化膜、高锰酸盐-铈盐转化膜的性能进行对比分析,并在3.5%Na Cl溶液中,对各膜层的耐腐蚀性能进行研究。结果表明,高锰酸盐膜、高锰酸盐-铈盐膜与基体结合力强,且具有很好的耐蚀性能。应用化学反应原理对高锰酸盐-铈盐成膜机制进行探讨,分析认为:通过微阳极和微阴极的电化学过程、氧化还原反应和沉淀反应过程,在镁合金表面形成Mg2+,Mn2+,Ce3+,Ce4+的氧化物与氢氧化物,KMn O4作为阴极去极化剂,加快了阴极还原反应,提高了成膜反应速度。     

热镀锌层柠檬酸改进型铈盐转化膜的生长机理

将热镀锌钢板浸入含有25 g/L Ce(NO3)3·6H2O、4~6 g/L H2O2(30%)、15~20 g/L H3Cit的处理液中,在70℃下处理10 s~240 min,从而在其表面获得铈盐转化膜。采用中性盐雾试验(NSS)和电化学极化曲线来分析膜层耐蚀性能,确定最佳成膜时间范围。采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察膜层的微观形貌,利用能谱仪(EDS)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、红外吸收光谱仪(IR)分析膜层的化学组成。结果表明:处理时间为10 min左右的铈盐转化膜耐腐蚀性能最优,最佳工艺条件下得到的铈盐转化膜的耐蚀性能与铬酸盐转化膜的相当;随着处理时间的延长,膜的厚度增加,膜层的裂纹变宽;处理时间超过10 min后膜层逐步产生脱落,耐腐蚀性能也随之降低;转化膜的生长过程中,前期以柠檬酸铈吸附膜的沉积为主,后期以Ce(OH)3/Ce2O3及Ce(OH)4/CeO2的沉积占主导。     

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金表面铈转化膜制备及耐蚀性能

采用容量法研究了Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金表面铈转化膜的耐蚀性能,通过正交试验获得在其表面制备铈转化膜的最佳条件:pH值为10.0,成膜时间为30 min,成膜促进剂的浓度为0.05 mol/L,成膜温度为25 ℃.其影响程度为pH值>成膜时间>成膜促进剂的浓度>成膜温度.比较了铈转化膜、铬酸盐转化膜及光板镁合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀行为.实验结果表明铈转化膜显著地提高了镁合金的耐腐蚀性能.     

AZ91 D 镁合金表面铈转化膜及环氧 / 氟碳涂层附着性研究

利用化学浸泡法在AZ91D镁合金表面制备铈盐转化膜,优化了铈盐转化处理工艺,研究了铈盐转化膜的微观形貌、组织结构及耐蚀性能。在转化膜表面分别涂覆环氧树脂和氟碳树脂涂层,测试了两种复合涂层的力学性能。结果表明:铈盐转化膜由双层膜组成,在优化的工艺条件下进行转化处理能够提高镁合金的耐腐蚀能力;铈盐转化膜对环氧树脂的适应性要优于氟碳树脂。     

添加剂作用下制备环境友好型铈基镁合金稀土转化膜

采用Ce（SO4）2-H2O2溶液体系在AZ91D镁合金表面制备环境友好型稀土转化膜,并在处理液中添加Ni（NO3）2和十二烷基苯磺酸钠以提高室温下的成膜效果。采用SEM、EDS、XRD、GIXD等方法研究镁合金表面稀土转化膜的微观形貌与元素组成以及微观结构,采用自腐蚀电位跟踪法对镁合金在稀土溶液中的成膜过程进行研究。添加剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠比Ni（NO3）2能更有效地提高转化膜的致密性与耐腐蚀性能。与从不含添加剂处理液中得到的转化膜相比较,添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠得到的转化膜的自腐蚀电流密度从7.41×10-5A/cm2降低到2.20×10-5A/cm2,电位？时间曲线第二阶段的成膜时间从5min缩短到2min。稀土转化膜的主要成分为Mg、Al、O和Ce。添加剂Ni（NO3）2和十二烷基苯磺酸钠可分别将转化膜中Ce元素的含量从18.92%增加到22.32%和25.08%。RXD与GIXD研究表明在所有溶液中得到的转化膜均为非晶态结构。     

镁合金表面磷酸盐-高锰酸盐转化膜的制备与耐蚀性能

目的在镁合金表面制备磷酸盐-高锰酸盐化学转化膜,以提高镁合金的耐蚀性能。方法以磷酸盐与高锰酸盐为转化处理液,在镁合金表面制备出化学转化膜,进而采用SEM、EDAX、XRD及电化学测试方法研究了转化温度、转化液p H值和转化时间对转化膜形貌、成分、厚度、结构和耐蚀性的影响。结果磷酸盐-高锰酸盐转化膜呈深紫色,由Mg、P、Mn和O元素组成,膜层表面存在网状裂纹,厚度为4~18μm,转化膜的耐蚀性随转化温度、p H值、转化时间的增加呈现先增加后降低的变化规律。结论磷酸盐-高锰酸盐转化膜由镁的磷酸盐组成。磷酸盐-高锰酸盐转化处理的最佳工艺条件为:转化温度40℃,转化液p H=3.5和转化时间15 min。经磷酸盐-高锰酸盐化学转化处理后,镁合金的耐蚀性能得到了明显的提高。     

热镀锌钢上铈盐转化膜在含Cl-介质中的耐蚀性

将热浸镀锌钢浸渍在20 g·L~(-1)Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O溶液(pH=4,25℃)中10s~24 h,制备了铈盐转化膜试样。通过中性盐雾和盐水浸泡试验评价了转化膜在含Cl~-介质中的耐蚀性能。采用扫描电镜和X射线衍射能谱研究了转化膜的形貌和物相结构。结果表明,铈盐转化膜能显著推迟热浸镀锌层出现白锈的时间;随成膜时间的延长,转化膜的耐蚀性能先增加后下降;当成膜时间为30~60 min时,转化膜的耐蚀性能最佳。铈盐转化膜主要由非晶态结构的ZnO和CeO_2组成,在腐蚀介质中不易形成腐蚀微电池。     

Study of Cerium and Lanthanum Conversion Coatings on AZ63 Magnesium Alloy Surface

采用扫描电子显微镜,X射线能谱,Tafel极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱法研究了铈镧转化膜对AZ63镁合金耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,铈和镧的复合转化膜比单一稀土膜的表面更加均匀致密,对镁合金的耐蚀性有明显改善。双稀土转化膜的缓蚀效果随着浸泡成膜时间的增长而增加。延长时效时间有助于铈和镧的进一步氧化,耐蚀性能先增后减,时效48 h膜层的耐蚀效果最好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.