AZ91镁合金表面合成聚苯胺涂层及其腐蚀性能研究

采用循环伏安法(CV)在含草酸、苯胺单体的溶液中以AZ91镁合金为基底沉积聚苯胺(Pani)涂层,并通过IR和SEM等手段对涂层的结构和形貌特征进行表征;同时通过极化曲线、开路电位-时间曲线及电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等评价涂层在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀性。结果表明,聚苯胺涂层有效提高了镁合金基体的自腐蚀电位,并导致镁合金腐蚀电流密度下降近两个数量级;长期浸泡过程中发现涂层能够有效抑制腐蚀溶液的渗透,阻止基体合金的腐蚀。     

镁锂合金表面高锰酸盐转化膜的研究

采用化学转化法在镁锂合金表面制得了结构致密、耐蚀性能较好的高锰酸盐转化膜,研究了转化液中高锰酸盐溶液浓度对成膜效果的影响.实验采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对所制得转化膜的表面形貌、结构和组成进行了测试.同时,使用动电位极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗谱和腐蚀失重3种方法对镁锂合金及其转化膜的耐腐蚀性能进行了深入研究.结果表明:高锰酸盐转化膜较均匀、平整,间隙较小,转化膜主要由锰的氧化物组成.提高了镁锂合金的耐腐蚀性能,当高锰酸盐溶液浓度为4.0 g/L时,转化膜的腐蚀电流密度小、容抗弧大、腐蚀速率低,耐腐蚀性能佳.     

镁锂合金表面高锰酸盐转化膜的研究

采用化学转化法在镁锂合金表面制得了结构致密、耐蚀性能较好的高锰酸盐转化膜,研究了转化液中高锰酸盐溶液浓度对成膜效果的影响。实验采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对所制得转化膜的表面形貌、结构和组成进行了测试。同时,使用动电位极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗谱和腐蚀失重3种方法对镁锂合金及其转化膜的耐腐蚀性能进行了深入研究。结果表明:高锰酸盐转化膜较均匀、平整,间隙较小,转化膜主要由锰的氧化物组成。提高了镁锂合金的耐腐蚀性能,当高锰酸盐溶液浓度为4.0g/L时,转化膜的腐蚀电流密度小、容抗弧大、腐蚀速率低,耐腐蚀性能佳。     

镁合金直接化学镀Ni-B镀层的腐蚀电化学行为研究

  研究了镁合金表面化学镀Ni-B合金的电化学行为,采用电化学动电位扫描极化曲线和交流阻抗研究了Ni-B镀层的腐蚀电化学行为,结果表明,Ni-B镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中具有优良的耐蚀性能.所得Ni-B镀层的自腐蚀电位在－400 mV左右,相对于基体-1460 mV提高了1000 mV,自腐蚀电流密度小于0.7 μA/cm²,相对于基体28.5 μA/cm²降低了近两个数量级,说明Ni-B镀层能够有效地提高AZ91D 镁合金的耐腐蚀性能,使AZ91D镁合金在35%NaCl溶液腐蚀介质中的腐蚀速度明显降低.电化学交流阻抗测试结果符合极化曲线的测量结果,化学镀Ni B镀层后的AZ91D镁合金在3.5％NaCl溶液中的阻抗值相对于基体提高两个数量级,表现为自腐蚀电流降低,阻抗值相应提高.     

热镀锌钢表面乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷膜的腐蚀电化学行为

采用开路电位(OCP)、交流阻抗(EIS)和动电位极化法对热镀锌钢表面乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷膜腐蚀电化学行为进行了研究。结果表明,在3.5%NaCl溶液中,涂覆硅烷膜层的热镀锌钢与空白热镀锌钢相比,其低频阻抗值提高至少2个数量级,同时腐蚀电流密度减小1个数量级以上,乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷膜防腐蚀效果良好。     

高速冲击对铸态AZ91镁合金耐腐蚀性的影响

采用电化学测量技术和透射电镜,研究了霍普金森压杆(SHPB)冲击后AZ91镁合金的微观组织和在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的耐蚀性。结果表明:经压杆冲击后,试样表面共晶组织破碎,铸态AZ91镁合金表面硬度高于内部硬度;在3.5%Na Cl溶液中,铸态AZ91镁合金的腐蚀电流密度随应变速率的增加而变大,自腐蚀电位负移,耐腐蚀性能变差。     

690合金在NaCl溶液中的电化学行为研究

利用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和电流-时间响应曲线对690合金在NaCl溶液中的电化学行为进行了研究。结果表明,690合金在不同浓度的NaCl溶液中均表现出阳极钝化现象,腐蚀速率随NaCl浓度的升高而增加。钝化后690合金的耐蚀性提高,在1%NaCl溶液中生成的钝化膜较致密。钝化时间小于1096 s时690合金在0.1%NaCl中的腐蚀电流密度低于其在1%NaCl中的腐蚀电流密度,当钝化时间大于1096 s时690合金在0.1%NaCl中的腐蚀电流密度反而高于其在1%NaCl中的腐蚀电流密度。     

氧化石墨烯对Mg-Li合金微弧氧化陶瓷层微观结构及耐蚀性的影响

目的 提高镁锂合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的耐蚀性能。方法 在镁锂合金表面原位生长包覆GO的复合陶瓷层。用SEM观察陶瓷层的表面形貌和截面形貌,用XRD和XPS分别检测陶瓷层的物相及成分组成,并采用动电位极化曲线方法和浸泡试验研究陶瓷层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀过程。结果 添加GO制备的复合陶瓷层表面微孔部分堵塞,致密度较高,但厚度略低,其陶瓷层物相主要包括SiO2、Mg2SiO4和MgO。微弧氧化陶瓷层的自腐蚀电流密度较镁锂合金基体降低了3个数量级,其极化电阻值则相应地升高了2个数量级。而加入GO所制备的复合陶瓷层的腐蚀电流密度仅为陶瓷层的57%,其极化电阻值约为7.69×104 Ω?cm2,是微弧氧化陶瓷层的2.5倍。浸泡在NaCl溶液中的复合陶瓷层能够长时间维持较低的腐蚀电流密度。结论 GO添加剂能够堵塞微弧氧化陶瓷层表面部分微孔,增加陶瓷层的致密性,进而阻止腐蚀性离子的渗入,可有效提高陶瓷层的耐腐蚀性能。     

Li含量对Mg-Li-Al-Ca系合金的显微组织和耐蚀性的影响

用电化学方法研究了Mg-Li-Al-Ca系合金在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀行为,利用扫描电镜观察腐蚀后的表面形貌,利用X射线衍射仪分析了腐蚀产物的组成,通过失重法测试腐蚀速率。结果表明:腐蚀测试过程中出现大量的气泡和腐蚀坑,且腐蚀现象主要发生在纯镁基体和Mg Li2Al相上。在电化学测试过程中,随着Li含量的增加,腐蚀电位、腐蚀电流和腐蚀速度都经历了先升高后降低的变化,在Li含量为9%左右出现拐点。XRD分析结果表明,腐蚀产物层主要为Mg(OH)2。     

镁锂合金表面锌锰磷化膜的制备与性能表征

采用化学转化法在镁锂合金表面制备了外观深灰色、结构均匀致密、耐蚀性能良好的锌锰磷酸盐转化膜,并研究了磷化温度对磷化膜性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)仪、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪对膜层的表面形貌、化学组成及结构进行了表征。采用动电位极化曲线、电化学交流阻抗(EIS)和腐蚀失重实验对磷化膜的耐蚀性进行了研究。结果表明,锌锰磷化膜主要由Zn、Zn3(PO4)2、MnHPO4、Mn3(PO4)2组成。锌锰磷酸化膜起到了保护镁锂合金的作用,提高了镁锂合金的耐蚀性,当磷化温度为45℃时,磷化膜的腐蚀电流密度最低,腐蚀速率最小,耐蚀性能最好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。