NiAl金属间化合物的热爆合成过程研究

以Al粉和Ni粉为主要原料，采用自蔓延高温合成技术，制备Ni—Al基金属间化合物。绘制了热爆反应曲线、描述了热爆反应的过程，分析了热爆反应机理及产物的显微组织特征，研究了热爆反应的边界条件以及各种反应参数对热爆反应的影响。研究结果表明，升温速率和颗粒尺寸对热爆反应均有不同程度的影响。提高升温速率、减小颗粒尺寸均可缩短热爆反应的起始时间，降低热爆反应的起始温度。初步确定了反应起始温度低于Ni—Al系的最低共晶温度（640℃），Ni—A1系的热爆反应是由固一固扩散反应引发的，Ni-32Al的反应产物为单相、均一的NiAl相。     

引燃模式对自蔓延高温合成Al-Ti-C中间合金的影响

利用Al、Ti、C粉末原料,采用自蔓延高温合成技术(SHS)合成了Al-Ti-C中间合金晶粒细化剂。借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了引燃模式对自蔓延高温合成反应过程及合成产物组织形态的影响。结果表明:两种引燃模式下自蔓延高温合成的Al-Ti-C中间合金由Al、Al3Ti和TiC组成,引燃模式对Al-Ti-C的组织形貌产生重要影响,自蔓延模式下燃烧温度低,合成产物中的第二相粒子细小分散,而热爆模式下燃烧温度高,Al3Ti、TiC长大聚集,影响其晶粒细化性能。     

成分配比对自蔓延高温合成Ni-Al金属间化合物的影响

以镍粉和铝粉为主要原料，采用自蔓延高温合成技术，制备Ni-Al金属间化合物。研究了成分配比对热爆反应的影响，绘制了热爆反应曲线，分析了热爆反应机理及产物的显微组织特征。研究结果表明：成分配比和压坯密度对热爆反应均有不同程度的影响。增加Al含量、加大压坯密度都会缩短热爆起始时间、降低热爆起始温度；反应起始温度低于Ni-Al系的最低共晶温度（640℃）。本文初步确定了Ni-Al系的热爆反应是由固固扩散反应引发的。Ni-32Al的反应产物为均一的NiAl相。     

自蔓延高温合成Ti—Ni—Nb形状记忆合金的产物组织

采用自蔓延高温合成（SHS）技术，进行Ti-Ni-Nb形状记忆合金（SMA）的燃烧合成试验，研究了粉末粒度，纯度和加热温度对热爆燃烧合成的产物组织的影响，结果表明：纯度高的粉末，粒度细的铌粉和粒度适中的钛粉，有利于获得密度高和（Ti,Nb)2Ni等杂相少的产物，当温度尚达到热爆温度时，只能发生常规反应烧结，当达到热爆温度时，热爆的产物内存在着基体相（Ti,Nb)Ni，杂相（Ti,Nb)2Ni和由β－Nb(Ti,Ni)与基体（Ti,Nb)Ni形成的共晶相，在较高的热爆温度下，共晶相基本消失，基体晶粒粗化。     

成分配比对自蔓延高温合成Ni-Al金属间化合物的影响

以镍粉和铝粉为主要原料,采用自蔓延高温合成技术,制备Ni-Al金属间化合物。研究了成分配比对热爆反应的影响,绘制了热爆反应曲线,分析了热爆反应机理及产物的显微组织特征。研究结果表明:成分配比和压坯密度对热爆反应均有不同程度的影响。增加Al含量、加大压坯密度都会缩短热爆起始时间、降低热爆起始温度;反应起始温度低于Ni-Al系的最低共晶温度(640℃)。本文初步确定了Ni-Al系的热爆反应是由固固扩散反应引发的。Ni-32Al的反应产物为均一的NiAl相。     

SHS法制备Al_3Ti/Al复合材料的研究

介绍了高熔点化合物颗粒增强的铝基复合材料的一种先进制备方法 ,即自蔓延高温合成法 (SHS法 ) ,并以Al3Ti/ Al为例进行了实验研究。结果表明 ,将 Ti粉与 Al粉混合 ,在铝合金液中进行自蔓延高温合成 ,可有效地控制 Al3Ti的形态。其中 Al∶Ti比是控制 Al3Ti形态的关键参数。当 Al∶Ti比远小于理论化学计量比 3∶ 1时 ,获得针状 Al3Ti组织。而当该比值等于或大于 3∶ 1时则获得块状 Al3Ti组织 ,其分布也更均匀。但该比值太大 (大于约3.75∶ 1)时 ,则因 Al粉升温和熔化吸热 ,将使得自蔓延合成反应终止。     

SHS法制备钛基复合材料用的TiC颗粒

研究了由Ti，C，Al元素粉末通过自蔓延高温合成(SHS)工艺制取TiC颗粒过程中体系物相组成的变化情况，以及合成产物的状态。采用燃烧波淬熄法制备了样品，用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微(SEM)技术分析、检测了所得样品的相组成和微结构。结果表明，在Ti—C—Al系的燃烧合成反应中，分别产生Ti—Al，Ti—C和Al—C间的多个反应，生成多种金属间化合物相，但最终产物以TiC和纯Al相为主。反应产物的形态为纯Al相分隔的符合化学计量比的等轴TiC颗粒多孔堆积体，颗粒大小均匀，尺寸多在2μm一8μm之间。     

Ti—Al金属间化合物多孔材料的研究进展

Ti—Al金属间化合物多孔材料兼备陶瓷和金属多孔材料的性能优势,为具有很大发展潜力的新型无机多孔材料。目前,对于Ti—Al金属间化合物多孔材料的研究包括以下3个方面：反应合成Ti—Al金属间化合物多孔材料的制备及孔结构形成过程和机理;偏扩散-反应合成-烧结制备的Ti-Al金属间化合物多孔材料的物理、化学性能;偏扩散-反应合成Ti-Al金属间化合物多孔材料的应用及其潜力。Ti-Al金属间化合物多孔材料包括多孔体、多孔膜和多孔纸型膜等多种形式;Ti—AI金属间化合物多孔材料的性能主要包括膨胀特性、孔结构性能、抗环境腐蚀性能及焊接性能;Ti—Al金属间化合物多孔材料的现有应用范围主要包括过程工业中流体介质的过滤分离净化,以及化学工业中复合钯膜的支撑体。     

反应合成Ti_3Al/TiC+Al_2O_3复合材料烧结过程热力学分析

将高能球磨后的Ti-Al粉末和TiC,Al2O3粉末混合进行热压烧结,在烧结的过程中反应生成金属间化合物为增强相的复合材料。通过对粉料的X射线衍射分析、热分析(DSC)和烧结体的成分分析表明,最终的金属间化合物只有Ti3Al而没有其它金属间化合物相。通过热力学计算,分析了反应烧结过程并发现在低温由固相间原子扩散控制生成TiAl3,TiAl,Ti3Al的渐进过程,和在高温下金属间化合物的合成机理,而且增强相和基体界面间处于稳定状态。     

燃烧合成方式对形成Ni_3Al的影响

为研究自蔓延和热爆两种燃烧合成方式对产物Ni3Al组织的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察对比了合成试样中的不同显微组织,利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析比较了合成产物相的差别,并通过透射电镜(TEM)比较了两种方式下合成相粒子析出情况。结果表明:自蔓延反应产物形成共晶组织,热爆反应则生成枝晶组织;虽然两种方式反应物的XRD分析结果相同,但是自蔓延反应产物的相峰强度显著高于热爆反应产物;热爆反应产物相粒子产生的偏聚比自蔓延反应产物相明显。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.