基于VMM的Rootkit及其检测技术研究

借助虚拟化技术,Rootkit隐藏能力得到极大提升,基于VMM的Rootkit的研究成为主机安全领域的热点。总结了传统Rootkit的隐藏方法和技术瓶颈,介绍了VMM的自身优势和软、硬件实现方法,分析了不同VMM Rootkit的设计原理和运行机制。针对VMM存在性检测的不足,阐述了一种新的VMM恶意性检测思路,同时讨论了 VMM Rootkit的演化方向,并从防护的角度提出了一些安全使用虚拟化技术的建议。     

一种基于VMM的内核级Rootkit检测技术

针对云平台中的虚拟机内核级Rootkit破坏租户虚拟机完整性的问题,文章提出一种基于VMM(虚拟机监视器,Virtual Machine Monitor)的内核级Rootkit检测技术。该技术以在关键路径设置陷入点的方式构建TML(True Module List),得到虚拟机中真实的内核模块视图,在VMM层利用自下而上的调用方式获取虚拟机用户态视图,并在VMM层获取重构的虚拟机内核态视图,通过交叉对比这三个视图检测隐藏在虚拟机中的Rootkit。最后,利用该技术在KVM(基于内核的虚拟机,Kernel-based Virtual Machine)中实现了原型系统,实验结果表明系统能迅速准确地检测出虚拟机中的Rootkit,并依据TML报告内核级Rootkit的详细信息,系统的综合性能损耗在可接受范围内。     

基于新型VMI技术的内核Rootkit检测方案

随着互联网的发展,当今社会对于信息安全的关注度越来越高。内核级Rootkit能够隐藏自身及恶意软件,对系统安全产生了严重威胁。现有基于虚拟化技术的内核Rootkit检测方案主要针对系统静态Hook进行检测和保护,对基于动态Hook的攻击行为缺乏有效的分析和防御手段。为了解决上述问题,设计并实现了一种基于新型VMI(Virtual Machine Introspection)的检测内核Rootkit的通用系统,对内核静态和动态Hook都能够进行检测和保护。实验表明,系统成功检测出内核级Rootkit对于内核Hook的攻击和篡改,对大量常见的内核Rootkit都有效,同时对于基于动态Hook的攻击行为也能够及时报警,能够有效增强系统对于Rootkit的检测能力。     

基于Linux系统调用的内核级Rootkit技术研究

系统调用是用户程序和操作系统进行交互的接口.劫持系统调用是内核级Rootkit入侵系统后保留后门常用的一项的技术.研究Linux系统调用机制及系统调用劫持在内核级Rootkit中的应用可以更好地检测和防范内核级Rootkit,使Linux系统更加安全.文中在分析Linux系统调用机制的基础上,研究了内核级Rootkit劫持系统Linux系统调用的5种不同方法的原理及实现,最后针对该类内核级Rootkit给出了3种有效的检测方法.在检测过程中综合利用文中提出的几种检测方法,能提高Linux系统的安全性.     

Windows平台下Rootkit进程检测

Rootkit是能够持久或可靠地存在于计算机系统上的一组程序或代码.为了达到无法检测的目的,Rootkit必须使用进程隐藏技术.Rootkit进程隐藏技术是一种以秘密方式在系统后台运行并窃取用户信息的技术.通过分析Windows平台下Rootkit进程隐藏技术的原理,研究了应用层和内核层两种模式下的Rootkit进程隐藏技术.针对Rootkit进程隐藏技术的特点,开发了一个基于句柄表三位一体交叉映射的Rootkit隐藏进程检测平台.系统测试表明,本平台能够检测出当前绝大部分主流Rootkit技术实现的隐藏进程,在实际应用中达到了较好的效果.     

基于符号执行的内核级Rootkit静态检测

Rootkit是攻击者用来隐藏踪迹和保留访问权限的工具集.加载入系统内核的内核级Rootkit使得操作系统本身变得不可信任,造成极大安全隐患.构建了一个完整的通过静态分析检测内核级Rootkit的模型,构造了描述Rootkit行为的普遍适用的定义并证明了其充分必要性,采用符号执行法进行静态分析,利用污点传播机制,针对模型特点对分析过程进行优化.基于这个模型的内核级Rootkit检测具有高准确性和较好的前瞻性.     

Windows下基于交叉视图的Rootkit进程隐藏检测技术

对现有的Windows Rootkit进程隐藏技术进行了研究,提出了基于交叉视图的Rootkit进程隐藏检测技术.该技术通过比较从操作系统的高层和底层获取到的进程列表来检测被Rootkit所隐藏的进程,其中,底层进程列表是通过搜索内存中的内核对象来获得的.实验表明,该技术具有较好的检测效果.     

基于虚拟机的 Rootkit 检测系统

内核级 Rootkit 位于操作系统核心层,可以篡改内核地址空间的任意数据,对系统安全构成了巨大的威胁.目前基于虚拟机的 Rootkit 方面应用大都偏重于完整性保护,未对 Rootkit 的攻击手段和方式进行检测识别.文中在虚拟机框架下,提出了一种新型的 Rootkit 检测系统 VDR,VDR 通过行为分析可有效识别 Rootkit 的攻击位置方式,并自我更新免疫该Rootkit 的再次攻击.实验表明,VDR 对已知 Rootkit 的检测和未知 Rootkit 的识别均有良好效果,能迅速给出攻击信息,为系统安全管理带来很大方便.     

基于文件系统异常的内核级Rootkit检测

分析现有的两类Rootkit检测方法。根据内核级Rootkit在系统中的隐藏机制,提出了一种基于文件系统异常的有效检测方法。实验表明,该方法能够简便快捷地检测出内核级Rootkit的存在,帮助系统管理员进一步维护系统安全。     

基于协同特征的BIOS Rootkit检测技术

对木马模型框架的理论及其协同隐藏模型进行研究和分析,给出BIOS Rootkit协同隐藏模型的具体形式化描述,提出一种在Windows环境下基于协同特征的BIOS Rootkit检测技术。针对现有BIOS Rootkit检测技术存在能查但不能正常恢复的问题,采用搜索特征码并动态恢复的技术解决。实验结果表明,该检测技术具有良好的可靠性、检测效率和完整性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.