PLA/PCL共混物的红外光谱和拉曼光谱分析

采用熔融共混法制备了聚乳酸(PLA)/聚己内酯(PCL)共混物,并对其进行红外光谱和拉曼光谱分析对比:PLA/PCL共混物的红外反射光谱在1 274,1 184 cm-1处的峰强度随PCL含量增加而增大,1 090 cm-1处峰强度随PLA含量减少而降低,峰强度与共混组分配比对应关系不太明显;PLA/PCL共混物的拉曼光谱在875 cm-1处出现PLA的中等强度吸收峰,在914 cm-1处出现PCL的中等强度吸收峰,吸收峰强度与共混组分配比间存在明确对应关系;采用拉曼光谱分析PLA/PCL共混物所得信息多于红外光谱,可用该方法对其进行定性和半定量分析。     

改性花生蛋白/PVA共混体系的流变性能

以花生粕为原料提取花生蛋白,对花生蛋白进行酰胺化改性,将改性花生蛋白与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混制得改性花生蛋白/PVA共混原液。采用红外光谱仪对改性花生蛋白进行结构分析,并对改性花生蛋白/PVA共混体系的流变性能进行了研究。结果表明,马来酸酐对花生蛋白进行了酰胺化改性,改性花生蛋白/PVA共混体系为非牛顿流体,其表观粘度(ηa)随着温度的增加而下降,但随着PVA的含量增加而显著增加,改性花生蛋白的含量对ηa影响较小;当温度较低时,共混体系的剪切速率(γ.)对其ηa影响较为显著;共混体系的粘流活化能随γ.的增大而下降。     

共混工艺对TPU/PVA共混物力学性能的影响

利用哈克密炼机,通过熔融共混法,制备了热塑性聚酯型聚氨酯(TPU)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)(质量比80/20)共混材料。探讨了工艺条件(温度、转速、加工时间)对TPU/PVA共混材料的扭矩、断裂伸长率、拉断永久变形和拉伸强度等力学性能的影响。结果表明,最佳加工条件为:加工温度170℃,转速60 r/min,加工时间8 min。     

后处理对PLLA/PDLA共混纤维结构和性能的影响

采用聚L-乳酸(PLLA)与聚D-乳酸(PDLA)共混熔融纺丝,初步研究了后处理条件对纤维结构与性能的影响。结果表明:通过PDLA与PLLA的共混熔融纺丝,形成了立体复合型PLA晶体(sc-PLA);随着热处理温度的提高,纤维中sc-PLA晶体的含量增加,纤维力学性能下降;拉伸温度为75℃时所得纤维的力学性能最好,随着拉伸倍数的增加,纤维力学性能提高,纤维中sc-PLA晶体的含量变化不大。     

醋酸酯淀粉/PVA共混膜性能研究

通过改变醋酸乙烯酯对玉米淀粉的投料比,制备一系列不同取代度的醋酸酯淀粉.将醋酸酯淀粉与聚乙烯醇(PVA)通过溶液共混的方法来制备共混膜,讨论了醋酸酯化的改性程度、增塑剂丙三醇和交联剂戊二醛的用量对共混膜力学性能、透光率的影响.结果表明,当醋酸酯淀粉取代度提高时,断裂强度、断裂伸长率和透光率逐渐增大;共混膜的断裂伸长率随丙三醇含量的增加而显著增加,断裂强度逐渐下降,透光率呈现先增加后减少的趋势.当交联剂戊二醛的质量分数为4.5％时,共混膜的断裂伸长率、断裂强度和透光率达到了最大值.     

聚酰胺类热塑性弹性体含量对PLLA/三元聚酰胺共混物形态和性能的影响

以聚酰胺类热塑性弹性体（TPAE）为增容剂增容左旋聚乳酸（PLLA）与三元聚酰胺共混物,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差热扫描量热仪（DSC）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）等研究了TPAE含量对PLLA/三元聚酰胺（70/30,质量比,下同）共混物的形态、力学性能和热性能的影响。力学性能研究结果表明,添加TPAE后,PLLA/三元聚酰胺共混物的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、缺口冲击强度显著提高,TPAE含量为5份时,共混物的断裂伸长率为370 %,缺口冲击强度为90 J/m,拉伸强度为39 MPa;SEM分析表明,添加TPAE后,共混物中三元聚酰胺相的粒径显著变小;DSC与XRD分析结果表明,TPAE含量对PLLA/三元聚酰胺共混物的熔融行为和结晶行为无明显影响,而共混物拉伸后,其结晶度显著提高。     

聚碳酸酯/聚乳酸共混体系的研究进展

概述了国内外聚碳酸酯/聚乳酸共混体系的开发应用现状,包括聚碳酸酯/聚乳酸共混体系的相容技术、添加剂的选择及影响共混体系性能的因素(如原料的选择、组分的配比、制备方法等).对该共混体系的发展方向作了简要分析,目前需要解决的问题有:两种材料的相容技术,优化制备工艺,开发适用不同领域的聚碳酸酯/聚乳酸共混体系,降低开发和生产成本.     

季铵阳离子淀粉/PVA共混膜的性能研究

将季铵阳离子淀粉(QS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)分别煮浆,之后按所需比例进行混合来制备共混膜,利用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对共混膜进行表征并测试了其力学性能。结果表明,QS变性程度、PVA聚合度与醇解度、共混比对共混膜的性能都存在很大关系。增加QS取代度,共混膜的断裂强度与断裂伸长率提高、磨耗降低;增大PVA的聚合度与醇解度,有助于提高共混膜断裂强度和断裂伸长率;随着QS含量的增多,共混膜的断裂强度增大,断裂伸长率减小。     

季铵阳离子淀粉/PVA共混膜的性能研究

将季铵阳离子淀粉(QS)与聚乙烯醇(PVA)分别煮浆,之后按所需比例进行混合来制备共混膜,利用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对共混膜进行表征并测试了其力学性能。结果表明,QS变性程度、PVA聚合度与醇解度、共混比对共混膜的性能都存在很大关系。增加QS取代度,共混膜的断裂强度与断裂伸长率提高、磨耗降低;增大PVA的聚合度与醇解度,有助于提高共混膜断裂强度和断裂伸长率;随着QS含量的增多,共混膜的断裂强度增大,断裂伸长率减小。     

聚乙烯醇／水滑石共混纤维的制备及其性能研究

采用凝胶纺丝法制备聚乙烯醇／水滑石（PVA／HT）共混纤维。通过扫描电镜（SEM）观察水滑石在PVA／HT共混纤维中的分散状况和共混纤维的表面形态。从傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）可以看出HT和PVA之间存在明显的氢键作用;热重分析（TG）测试表明水滑石的加入可以有效提高PVA的热性能;加入适量的HT可以提高PVA纤维的断裂强度;随着HT含量的增加,PVA／HT共混纤维的最大拉伸倍数下降且表面易产生缺陷。     

PBAT/PLLA共混薄膜的热学、力学及阻透性能

采用熔融共混法制备聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）和L聚乳酸（PLLA）共混薄膜,探讨不同PLLA添加量（质量分数分别为10 %、20 %、30 %）对共混薄膜力学性能、热学性能、气体阻透性能的影响。结果表明,PBAT和PLLA共混属于不相容体系;随着PLLA的添加,共混薄膜的O2和CO2透过性能逐渐降低;当PLLA含量增加到30 %时,O2 透过系数(PO2)和CO2透过系数(PCO2)分别较PBAT薄膜降低了34.2 %和70.8 %,CO2/O2透过比（PCO2/PO2）由纯PBAT的10.20降低为4.52,提高了薄膜阻透性能;PLLA的添加改善了PBAT极易变形变曲现象。     

PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维的晶态结构与拉伸性能研究

采用溶液干纺法制备了聚β-羟基丁酸酯/聚乳酸/聚氧乙烯(PHB/PLLA/PEO)共混纤维,研究了PHB/PLLA/PEO初生纤维的晶态结构、在50℃和110℃下拉伸后共混纤维的力学性能及表面形态。结果表明:PHB与PLLA在PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维中的晶型均为α晶型;初生纤维经50℃和110℃拉伸2倍后,纤维的断裂强度均有所增加,断裂伸长率减小,50℃拉伸的纤维断裂强度高于110℃拉伸,其断裂方式均为韧性断裂;w(PEO)为5%,PHB/PLLA质量比为1:1,50℃拉伸2倍的PHB/PLLA/PEO共混纤维断裂强度为0.471 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为34.05%     

聚乙烯醇薄膜的共混改性

从聚合物结构方面分析了聚乙烯醇（PVA）薄膜的水溶性,提出用共混改性方法提高PVA薄膜的溶解性能。研究了聚丙烯酸不同中和度,不同共混组分组成对薄膜水溶性和力学性能的影响,并利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）、广角X射线衍射（WXRD）等手段对共混改性机理进行了分析。     

Blend membranes of chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) in pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol and tetrahydrofuran

Blend membranes of a natural polymer, chitosan, with a synthetic polymer, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), were prepared by solution casting and crosslinked with a urea formaldehyde/sulfuric acid (UFS) mixture. Chitosan was used as the base component in the blend system, whereas PVA concentration was varied from 20 to 60 wt %. Blend compatibility was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study membrane crosslinking. Membranes were tested for pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol and tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 30°C in close proximity to their azeotropic compositions. Membrane performance was assessed by calculating flux and selectivity. Swelling experiments performed in water + organic mixtures at 30°C were used to explain the pervaporation results. The blend membrane containing 20 wt % PVA when tested for 5 and 10 wt % water–containing THF and isopropanol feeds exhibited selectivity of 4203 and 17,991, respectively. Flux increased with increasing concentration of water in the feed. Selectivity was highest for the 20 wt % PVA‐containing blend membrane. The results of this study are unique in the sense that the crosslinking agent used—the UFS mixture—was novel. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1918–1926, 2007     

Cellular PVA hydrogels produced by freeze/thawing

Cellular poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels that exhibit enhanced swelling kinetics from an initial dry state were prepared by freezing and thawing techniques in the presence of NaCl. Gels that were dried immediately after preparation demonstrated a dual‐sorption effect upon swelling. Gels that were exposed to a 10‐day washing period to remove NaCl and excess PVA chains before drying showed an increased initial rate of swelling and overall water content. Freeze/thawed, cellular PVA gels showed overall enhanced swelling with increased mechanical strength over traditional gels prepared by chemical or irradiative crosslinking techniques. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 2075–2079, 2000     

PA6/PVA共混物的相容性与力学性能研究

制备了聚酰胺6/聚乙烯醇(PA6/PVA)共混物,通过DMA、FTIR、DSC和力学性能测试等方法对共混物进行了表征,利用Hoffman-Weeks方程和Flory熔点下降方程求得了PA6的平衡熔点和两种聚合物的相互作用参数,研究了共混物的相容性和力学性能。结果表明:在氢键的作用下,PA6/PVA共混物具有良好的相容性;PA6与PVA相互作用参数为-0.085,进一步证明了PA6/PVA共混物是热力学相容体系;当PVA含量为50%时,PA6/PVA共混物的相容性和力学性能最佳。     

热处理条件对PVA/PAN和PPVA/PAN渗透汽化复合膜分离性能的影响

制备了以聚乙烯醇（PVA）、磷酸酯化聚乙烯醇（PPVA）和活性分离层的PVA／PAN、PPVA／PAN渗透汽化复合膜并用于乙醇－水恒沸混合物的分离。考察了热处理条件对复合膜分离性能及吸附性能的影响。结果表明,复合膜的分离性能主要是由热处理温度决定的,并且,PPVA／PAN复合膜比PVA／PAN复合膜具有更好的分离性能。确定了最佳的热处理条件,对于PVA／PAN复合膜：在403K下,热处理时间不小于4h,对于PPAV／PAN复合膜：在423K下,热处理时间不小于2h。     

Studies of chitosan. I. Preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend films

Various blending ratios of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (CS/PVA) blend films were prepared by solution blend method in this study. The thermal properties and chemical structure characterization of the CS/PVA blend films were examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Based upon the observation on the DSC thermal analysis, the melting point of PVA is decreased when the amount of CS in the blend film is increased. The FTIR absorption characteristic is changed when the amount of CS in the blend film is varied. Results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicate that the intensity of diffraction peak at 19° of PVA becomes lower and broader with increasing the amount of CS in the CS/PVA blend film. This trend illustrates that the existence of CS decreases the crystallinity of PVA. Although both PVA and CS are hydrophilic biodegradable polymers, the results of water contact angle measurement are still shown as high as 68° and 83° for PVA and for CS films, respectively. A minimum water contact angle (56°) was observed when the blend film contains 50 wt % CS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007