一种应用于AC PDP的反gamma校正与动态对比度增强相结合的新方法

由于交流等离子体显示器(AC PDP)的显示特性是线性的,因此在显示接收到的视频信号前必须要进行反gamma校正.同时,为了提高显示器件的画质,必须要进行对比度增强.直方图均衡化是一种重要的对比度增强方法,但直方图均衡化的增强效果不可控,往往由于过增强而导致图像失真.本文结合上述两种技术提出了一种应用于AC PDP的反gamma校正与可控的动态对比度增强相结合算法.该算法能够在对输入视频图像进行反gamma校正的同时,实现幅度可调的动态对比度增强.同时避免了传统直方图均衡化对图像产生的过增强现象.本文实现了基于提出算法的实时图像处理器,并且在50英寸AC PDP上进行了测试.模拟仿真及实际测试结果均表明,本文提出的算法能够使AC PDP的画质得到显著提升.     

红外图像实时增强的新算法

针对红外图像的特点,提出了一种红外图像实时增强的新算法。该算法通过分析图像的直方图,得到图像中目标像素数峰值的估计值,并作为平台直方图均衡化的阈值。用该阈值对直方图进行修正,然后通过修正后的直方图进行直方图均衡化。在FPGA内通过采用并行处理结构及流水线技术实现了该算法,并且每秒可处理25帧128×128×8bits的红外图像。理论分析和实验结果均表明,本算法克服了采用一般直方图均衡化增强红外图像的缺点?对背景和噪声增强过度,抑制了目标的增强。该算法对红外图像增强后,图像对比度是直方图均衡化增强后图像对比度的1.8倍。     

气象计量自动化温度检定系统中的图像预处理研究

针对气象计量自动化温度检定系统中图像噪声大、对比度不够等问题,在采用图像预处理技术的基础上,提出一种同态滤波的对比度受限自适应图像预处理方法。尝试中值滤波对红外图像进行去噪,保证噪声不被增强的前提下,利用同态滤波的原理,对图像细节进行增强。但同态滤波依然存在图像特征点与非特征点在图像质量不高的情况下容易混淆的问题,对此采用限制对比度自适应直方图均衡的方法进一步调整图像的动态范围。通过仿真实验对此方法进行验证,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

一种微弱图像增强技术研究

对传统灰度图像直方图均衡化方法进行了深入研究,提出了一种基于正切函数调整的直方图均衡化改进算法,该方法有利于提高图像的对比度,达到对图像判别的要求。 算法实现的关键是最优参数选择,因此采用了一种便于选择最优参数的方法。 另外,将图像相似程度应用于了增强效果的评价,为图像增强的实验分析提供了新的方法,具有一定的科学性与可行性。 实验结果表明,该算法比现有的图像增强方法效果更好。     

基于偏微分方程的非线性图像去噪增强技术研究

本文主要研究基于偏微分方程图像去噪增强。针对降质图像去噪增强问题,结合偏微分理论和图像去噪增强方法,改进P-M各向异性扩散模型,有效去噪并保留图像边缘信息。对于基于梯度场均衡化对比度增强的不足,结合偏微分和可调直方图均衡化,增强图像纹理并改善对比度,并客观质量评价处理后图像。     

基于增强的低对比度印品缺陷的识别技术研究

目的 针对当前印刷缺陷检测系统中存在的低对比度印刷缺陷检测精度不高等问题,基于HSV颜色空间,提出一种增强的低对比度印刷缺陷识别方法。方法 首先,将标准样张图像与采集到的印刷图像由RGB颜色空间转换到HSV颜色空间,并提取视觉上变化敏感的亮度分量V作为待检测对象;其次,将对比度受限的局部直方图均衡（CLAHE）与数学形态学相结合,来增强显现待检测图像中的缺陷;再次,使用连通域分析方法来获取缺陷的面积、周长、离心率、长宽比和圆形度等5种特征信息,并以此建立15个特征模型;最后,构建基于PNN的印刷缺陷识别神经网络,并在Matlab中实现对低对比度印刷缺陷的识别。结果 15个模型的平均耗时为475 ms,都控制在毫秒级别,满足了现代印刷缺陷检测对于实时性的要求。其中模型2的测试正确率为95%,能够识别污点等点缺陷,模型3和模型12的测试正确率为93%和93.3%,能够识别刮痕等线缺陷,模型5的测试正确率为93.1%,能够识别墨迹等面缺陷,且测试正确率高于基于BP神经网络的缺陷识别方法。结论 从缺陷检测的实时性和精确性上来讲,提出的方法能够对低对比度印刷缺陷进行实时和精确的检测。     

结合基元对比度与边界先验的显著性区域检测

研究了对完成计算机视觉任务有重要作用的视觉显著性检测,考虑到单纯依靠对比度计算进行显著性检测具有一定的局限性,提出了一种结合基元对比度与边界先验信息的显著性区域检测算法。该算法通过Mean-Shift分割构造图像基元结构,以图像基元为基础,利用图像颜色和亮度两种特征获得基元对比度显著图,再利用图像边界先验条件得到边界显著图;为了突出显著性目标,采用一种新的融合方式将以上检测结果进行融合,最后对显著图像进行多尺度增强操作,以获得更加高质量的显著性图。在国际公开数据集上的实验表明,该算法与现有的较成熟的方法相比,基本符合人眼的主观判断,具有较高的精度召回率。     

基于谱直方图表示和支持向量机的纹理分类

在纹理分类中采用谱直方图表示(SHR),每个图像窗表示一个包含滤波后图像直方图的特征向量,而直方图是图像谱表示的连接桥梁.在滤波器选择算法之前,结合每个图像分块和滤波器的独立谱表示和直方图,可以获得更加低层的局部特征.最后,时所有独立滤波器采用滤波器选择算法来得到所需的少量滤波器.为了保证分类的可靠性,选择高斯径向基函数(RBF)进行谱直方图表示,采用支持向量机(SVMs)作为分类函数.对本文方法和其它两种方法:Gabor滤波和独立成分分析(ICA)进行了纹理分类和脸部识别的比较实验.实验结果表明,本文方法具有更高的分类准确性,也证明了SVMs优秀的泛化能力.     

基于卷积神经网络的印刷品颜色缺陷检测

目的 提取样本图像颜色直方图特征对卷积神经网络进行训练,达到快速、高准确率检测图像颜色缺陷的目的.方法 将标准图像从RGB颜色空间转换至HSV颜色空间,通过改变图像H,S,V三分量值获取训练样本和测试样本;在HSV颜色空间中非均匀量化图像的颜色直方图,得到所有训练样本和测试样本的颜色直方图特征;利用样本图像颜色直方图特征训练卷积神经网络,然后对测试样本进行检测,研究检测的速度、准确率,并将该检测方法与逐像素、超像素、BP神经网络和支持向量机方法进行对比.结果 对于图片尺寸为512×512的彩色图像,卷积神经网络检测单幅图片的平均检测时间约为57.66 ms,训练样本图像为50000张时,卷积神经网络方法对10000张测试样本进行检测的准确率为99.77％.结论 卷积神经网络方法在保证高准确率的前提下大幅提高检测精度,对于印刷品色差缺陷在线检测具有良好的应用价值.     

光纤陀螺刻度因子的建模方法

针对低精度光纤陀螺(FOG)刻度因子线性度较差的问题,提出了采用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络对刻度因子进行建模的方法,以减小光纤陀螺输出误差。通过测量数据对 RBF 神经网络进行训练,获得神经网络参数,根据神经网络结构和参数可以得到非线性刻度因子的解析表达式,将其作为刻度因子的模型,来提高 FOG 的精度。同时将 RBF 神经网络对刻度因子进行建模的结果与传统的建模结果进行了比较,验证了采用 RBF 神经网络对低精度刻度因子建模是非常有效的。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from