SiC换热器材料热物理性质的研究

本文采用ＴＬＰ－１８型激光热常数仪和岛津ＴＭＡ－３０热分析仪研究了温度对等静压ＳｉＣ换热器材料的导热系数和热膨胀系数的影响，并对影响ＳｉＣ抗热震性能的各因素进行了分析。     

低膨胀聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的制备及应用研究进展

聚酰亚胺（PI）作为一种高性能的功能材料已被广泛应用，但其高的热膨胀系数限制了它在高温和精密状态下的使用，通过添加陶瓷等无机材料制成复合薄膜可有效降低其热膨胀系数。介绍了国内外低膨胀聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的制备和应用研究的最新进展，指出了低膨胀PI合成、改性及应用研究的总趋势。     

聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅复合薄膜的热物性及其影响因素

应用自行研制的亚微米/微米薄膜激光脉冲法热扩散率测定仪和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)分别测定了聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜和PI/SiO_2复合薄膜在不同温度下的热扩散率、热导率和比热,解决了激光脉冲法测定热导试样的透光问题.研究了PI/SiO_2复合薄膜的热物性随SiO_2添加量和温度的变化关系.结果表明:随着温度的升高,PI薄膜及PI/SiO_2复合薄膜的热扩散率下降,比热和热导率线性增加.在PI薄膜中添加SiO_2颗粒可降低PI薄膜的比热,明显增强导热性能,但是不会改变PI薄膜热导率随温度升高而增大的变化规律.     

低热膨胀系数纳米碳化硅/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的制备与性能

以原位分散聚合法制备出纳米碳化硅/聚酰亚胺(n-SiC/PI)复合薄膜, 采用SEM、热机械分析仪(TMA)、阻抗分析仪和热重分析(TG)研究了所制备薄膜的表面形貌、热膨胀、介电性能及热稳定性。结果表明: SiC粒子均匀分散在PI基体中, 复合薄膜的热膨胀系数(CTE)随着SiC含量的增加逐渐减小, SiC质量分数为15%时, CTE降低了11%, 且复合膜的热膨胀系数实验值比较接近于Kerner公式的计算值。复合膜的介电常数和介电损耗随着填料含量的变化而变化, 但始终维持在较低的范围内, 并在相当大的频率范围内保持稳定。      

低热膨胀聚酰亚胺的研究进展

本文综合评述了国内外对低热膨胀聚酰亚胺的制备方法和应用等方面的研究     

共聚低热膨胀聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备与表征

以4,4′-(六氟异丙烯)二酞酸酐(6FDA)为含氟二酐,4,4′-二氨基-2,2′-双三氟甲基联苯(TFMB)为含氟二胺,通过引入分子结构相对对称的刚性单体1,2,4,5-均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)进行共聚合成了5种含氟比例不同的透明聚酰亚胺薄膜,并对其性能进行了表征。分析表明:引入刚性单体共聚后薄膜的热稳定性和耐热性有所提高;薄膜的介电常数随着PMDA含量的上升而增加;共聚薄膜在可见光领域的透光率低于均聚薄膜;拉伸实验显示在添加少量PMDA后,薄膜的拉伸强度和弹性模量有所增大,但当PMDA含量过高时其力学性能反而下降;随着PMDA含量的增加,薄膜的热膨胀系数明显降低。     

含咪唑基团的聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备及性能

为了探究适用于柔性印刷线路板的高热稳定性、低热膨胀系数聚酰亚胺薄膜,将3,3’,4,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐(3,3’,4,4’-BPDA)与4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(4,4’-ODA)和2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基苯并咪唑(DAPBI)单体进行聚合,通过改变2种二胺的用量制备了一系列不同二胺比例的聚酰亚胺薄膜。采用红外、紫外、热重分析、差示扫描量热、动态力学热分析、热机械分析多种测试方法对不同比例薄膜样品的热性能、热稳定性、动态力学性能和光透过性进行了研究。研究结果表明,随着刚性DAPBI组分的增加,所制备薄膜的玻璃化转变温度逐渐升高,耐热性能变好,储能模量从3.5 GPa逐渐增加到5.9 GPa;薄膜的热膨胀系数(CTE)明显减小。当二胺ODA与DAPBI的摩尔比为4:6或5:5时,共聚薄膜的CTE值最接近18×10^-6K^-1。     

差示扫描量热法测定石英纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的导热系数

基于差示扫描量热(DSC)法,研究了石英纤维/聚酰亚胺复合材料的导热性能。通过将熔融物质铟放置于试样之上和未放置试样时的热流信号的差异,计算出试样的导热系数,并对试验条件进行优化,得到了满意的结果。结果表明：在试样接触面涂抹导热硅油,可有效降低空气热阻,增大导热系数,使用该试样进行DSC测试,得到的测试结果准确、可靠且重复性较好。     

石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合石墨纤维的结构与性能

采用干湿法纺丝工艺制备氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合纤维,然后将复合纤维进行炭化和石墨化处理得到石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合碳纤维及石墨纤维。对复合碳纤维进行热重分析、Raman、力学性能、传导性能、形貌等测试分析。结果表明,氧化石墨烯添加量为0.3%(质量分数,下同)的复合纤维的耐热性能最佳;氧化石墨烯的加入,使石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合碳纤维的力学性能和传导性能明显提高,石墨化程度增加。当复合碳纤维2800℃石墨化后,氧化石墨烯含量增加到2.0%时,复合石墨纤维的热导率达到435.57 W·m-1·K-1,结构更加致密。     

Thermophysical Properties of Ceramic Substrates with Modified Surfaces

Laser induced changes of thermophysical properties using a laser supported modification process have been studied. Metal–ceramic composites have been produced by a laser dispersing process. Two types of substrates have been included, namely, pure Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ reinforced with 10 mass% ZrO₂. As a modifying material during the laser process, hard metal powders like TiN and WC have been applied in order to produce a metal–ceramic composite with a metal concentration between 30 and 50%. Standard measurement techniques such as the laser-flash method and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have been used to measure the thermal diffusivity and the heat capacity of the ceramics before and after the laser processing. These properties have been evaluated within a temperature range from room temperature to 1400°C. The experimental results show that the effective thermal conductivity will be enhanced within the laser modified region. The increase of this heat transport property due to particle dispersion into the ceramic matrix depends on the thermal conductivity of the second-phase material. Paper presented at the Seventeenth European Conference on Thermophysical Properties, September 5–8, 2005, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.     

Measurement of Selected Thermophysical Properties of the NPL Certified Reference Material Stainless Steel 310

Flash methods have become one of the most commonly used techniques for measuring the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity of various kinds of solids and liquids such as metals, carbon materials, ceramics, and polymers. Easy sample preparation, small sample dimensions, fast measurement times, and high accuracy are only some of the advantages of this non-destructive measurement technique. However, the accuracy of measurement and level of uncertainty of the resulting data are becoming increasingly important for countless industrial applications. Instruments must be checked to determine the uncertainty of the system at different temperature and application ranges. One way of checking the accuracy of the results is to cross-check the unit with certified reference materials. However, there is a lack of standard materials for thermal diffusivity/thermal conductivity all over the world. Furthermore, for some available standards, the thermophysical properties are known only over a limited temperature range. Presented in this work are thermophysical property measurements on a certified thermal conductivity standard, Stainless Steel 310. Tests were carried out between −125 and 1000°C.     

Determination of Thermophysical Properties for Polymer Films using Conduction Analysis of Laser Heating

Determination of the thermophysical properties of thin film materials is important for modeling and optimizing laser microvia drilling of organic substrates in microelectronics applications. Techniques to measure the density, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, thermal decomposition point, and specific ablation heat of thin polymer films are described. An experimental apparatus was set up for laser heating of the sample. To measure the thermal diffusivity, an analytic heat transfer model is developed. One-dimensional heat conduction is assumed due to the small thickness of the film compared to the radius of the laser beam. The value of thermal diffusivity is obtained by fitting the experimental data to the theory. The specific ablation heat is obtained by measuring the mass loss during laser ablation. The experimental apparatus and the property determination methodology can also be applied to thin samples of other materials.     

激光脉冲法研究半透明PI/SiO_2薄膜的热扩散率

激光脉冲法在应用于测量对实验探测波段红外线半透明的材料热扩散率时遇到了困难。文中提出了新的解决办法:即通过对理论探测曲线进行分析,并通过在实际探测曲线上的升温幅度和特征点计算得到了热扩散率,成功地解决了这一难题。在-73℃~290℃的范围内获得了对激光和红外线都是半透明的聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜的热扩散率,并研究了室温下PI/SiO2复合材料的热扩散率随SiO2含量的变化规律。     

Thermophysical Properties of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Polypropylene Composites

The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of chemically surface-treated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were measured using the 3ω method in the temperature range of 90–320 K and photoacoustic (PA) spectroscopy at room temperature, respectively. Nine kinds of samples were prepared by the melt-blending of PP resins with the addition of 0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 mass% of non-treated, nitric acid (HNO₃)-treated, and potassium hydroxide (KOH)-treated nanotube contents, and compression-molded at 180°C into about 0.5 mm thickness composite films using the hot-press. The measured thermal conductivities are in the range from 0.05 to 0.6 W ·m⁻¹·K⁻¹ and increase as the temperature increases and the CNT concentrations are increased. By the chemical treatment, the thermal conductivity of 0.5 and 2.0 mass% samples were enhanced by about a factor of two; however, the sample of 0.1 mass% did not change. This can be explained qualitatively by the effects of chemical treatment on the reinforcing ability for CNTs/polymer composites.Paper presented at the Seventh Asian Thermophysical Properties Conference, August 23–28, Hefei and Huangshan, Anhui, P. R. China.     

多功能聚吡咯/聚酰亚胺电磁屏蔽复合膜的制备与性能研究

目的 开发具有优异屏蔽效率、轻质且热稳定性良好的电磁屏蔽材料。方法 以聚酰亚胺(PI)为聚合物基体,聚吡咯(PPy)为添加相,采用静电纺丝-低温原位聚合技术制备PPy/PI电磁屏蔽复合膜。通过在薄膜内部的多孔结构中构建致密的导电网络,赋予复合膜优异的导电性和高效的电磁屏蔽效能。结果 在聚合PPy浓度为0.1 mol/L时,复合膜的电导率和电磁屏蔽效能分别为2.23 S/cm和26.04 dB,且其单位厚度电磁屏蔽效能可达到110.81 dB/mm,展现出优异的电磁屏蔽性能。结论 PPy/PI复合纤维膜表现出良好的力学性能(拉伸强度为11.73 MPa)、优异的热稳定性(>400 ℃)和力学传感性能,具备在恶劣环境下广泛应用的潜力。     

SiO2／TiO2复合薄膜光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍提拉法在玻璃表面镀制了SiO2/TiO2复合薄膜,以SEM,XPS,UV-Vis等手段对其进行了表征;通过对亚甲基蓝的降解反应,研究了SiO2/TiO2复合薄膜在紫外光下的光催化性能。结果表明:在玻璃片上预镀SiO2层使TiO2薄膜中的Na 和Mg2 含量明显降低,同时,有利于TiO2薄膜中晶粒的长大,提高了光催化性能。