Ni/P/Ce元素对SnAgCu无铅钎料性能和组织的影响

研究添加微量单一Ni、P或稀土Ce元素对Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu(质量分数, %)无铅钎料熔化温度、润湿性能、时效前后钎焊接头的剪切强度和显微组织的影响。结果表明：单一Ni、P和稀土Ce元素的添加,对Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu钎料合金的熔化温度影响很小;P元素的加入能够增大合金的润湿力,缩小润湿时间。加入单一的Ni或稀土Ce元素对合金的润湿性能和接头时效前的剪切强度影响不大,但能够很好地抑制高温时效引起的接头剪切强度的下降。此外,P 元素的添加明显地改善了合金的抗氧化性能,但稀土Ce元素的添加对其有所恶化。这些性能的改变与微量Ni、P或稀土Ce元素对其显微组织的影响有关     

SnAgCu无铅钎料焊点结晶裂纹

针对印刷电路板(PCB)上无铅钎料SnAgCu微小焊点的结晶裂纹,利用设计的试件重现无铅钎料钎焊过程中产生的结晶裂纹,对无铅钎料结晶裂纹进行模拟,同时研究了微量元素的添加对SnAgCu合金焊点结晶裂纹形成的影响。结果表明,在尺寸很小的焊点上仍然存在明显的结晶裂纹。用焊点结晶裂纹的总长度定量地评价无铅钎料结晶裂纹的敏感倾向,添加Ni和Ce元素能够降低无铅钎料结晶裂纹的形成,而P元素的添加却加剧了结晶裂纹的形成,明显增加了焊点处的结晶裂纹。     

Ag元素含量对SnAgCuX无铅钎料性能的影响

分析了SnAgCuX系无铅钎料中Ag异元素含量的变化对熔化温度、润湿性能的影响,同时研究了时效前和高温时效后钎焊接头的抗剪强度和显微组织,其中X包含Ni,P和Ce三种元素.结果表明,添加微量X元素能够在一定程度上弥补snAgCu钎料中Ag元素含量的降低引起的性能下降.X元素的添加对SnAgCu钎料的熔化温度影响不大,但能改善钎料合金的润湿性能,提高钎焊接头的抗剪强度,并抑制时效引起的接头强度下降.这与微量X元素的添加改善了钎料的显微组织和金属间化合物的形貌有很大的关系.     

铋和磷元素对Sn-Zn-RE电子微连接钎料组织与性能的影响

制备了含不同Bi,P元素的（Sn-9Zn0.05Ce）xBi和（Sn-9Zn0.05Ce）xP钎料合金,观察并分析了钎料的显微组织形貌,测试了钎料的抗拉强度、断后伸长率以及维氏硬度.结果表明,添加Bi元素能显著提高Sn-9Zn0.05Ce钎料合金的抗拉强度和硬度,但同时会明显降低其断后伸长率,而添加微量P元素对钎料的抗...     

Ni元素含量对BiSbSnxNi钎料润湿性能和抗剪强度影响

研制开发高温无铅软钎料一直是钎焊领域一大难题.熔点为270℃左右的Bi5Sb8Sn钎料因润湿性能和抗剪强度达不到要求而受到限制.通过在Bi5Sb8Sn中添加不同含量Ni元素形成新型BiSbSnNi四元合金,来改善Bi5Sb8Sn合金的润湿性能和力学性能.结果表明,尽管Ni元素的添加使BiSbSnxNi钎料合金铺展面积均较基体钎料差.但Ni元素的最佳添加量为2%时,可以改善钎料中金属间化合物的生成,能够增大钎料的铺展面积.当Ni元素含量为3%时,钎料合金的抗剪强度最高.在Ni元素含量为4%时,IMC厚度明显增加,且出现条状的富铋相,对钎料焊接接头的抗剪强度产生不利影响.     

BAg17CuZnSn-xCe钎料组织及性能分析

通过向BAg17CuZnSn钎料中添加微量的稀土元素Ce，研究了微量Ce元素的添加对低银钎料组织及焊接性能的影响.结果表明，当Ce元素质量分数为0.15%时，BAg17CuZnSn-0.15钎料在黄铜和不锈钢母材表面铺展面积较BAg17CuZnSn钎料分别提高了12.1%和37.4%，钎焊接头的抗剪强度达到最大值340.2 MPa.随着Ce元素的添加，钎料的自腐蚀电位逐渐正移，钎料的耐腐蚀性能得到提升.Ce元素对BAg17CuZnSn-xCe钎料基体中的CuZn化合物相有明显的细化作用，当Ce元素质量分数为0.15%时，钎料组织最为细小、均匀.但是当Ce元素质量分数达到0.5%时，钎料中出现了Ce-Sn化合物相.     

合金元素对AgCuZn系钎料合金组织与性能的影响

通过向AgCuZn系钎料合金中添加适量的合金元素Sn,Ni,P,研究了不同元素含量的Sn,Ni,P对AgCuZn系无镉钎料组织性能的影响.结果表明,随着Sn元素含量的增加,钎料的润湿铺展性能整体呈上升趋势;P元素的加入可以降低液态钎料与试件间的表面张力,改善钎料的润湿性和流动性.显微组织分析表明,AgCuZn系钎料合金微观组织主要由富Cu相、CuZn化合物相、Cu5.6Sn化合物相、Cu40.5 Sn11化合物相和Ag的析出相组成,AgCuZn钎料合金中加入Sn元素后生成粗大的树枝晶,使钎料脆性增大;钎料合金中加入Ni元素,生成灰黑色的Ni3P化合物相,微观组织细化;P元素的加入生成灰色的Cu3P化合物相.     

含镓和铟的无镉银基中温钎料性能研究

通过在Ag-Cu-Zn系钎料中添加Ga,In,Sn,Ni等微量合金元素来综合调整钎料性能,将钎料中的含Ag量降低至16％左右,对钎料的力学性能、润湿铺展性能、钎料微观组织、钎焊性能等进行了分析测试.结果表明,通过适量添加微量合金元素,可在较低的含银量下获得性能良好的钎料.     

稀土Ce元素对Sn-Zn-Bi-Ag-Al无铅钎料性能的影响

为了改善Sn-9Zn-4Bi-0.5Ag-0.05Al无铅钎料的综合性能,文中通过添加稀土元素Ce,研究了Ce元素对无铅钎料的润湿性能、抗剪强度以及熔点的影响.结果表明,稀土Ce元素的加入明显改善了钎料的润湿性能.当Ce的添加量为0.05wt%时,润湿性能最佳,钎焊接头的抗剪切强度也有明显提高,但随着稀土Ce元素的加入...     

稀士Ce对Sn—Cu—Ni钎料物理性能和铺展性能的影响

研究了不同含量的稀土Ce对Sn-Cu-Ni无铅钎料物理性能和铺展性能的影响。结果表明：添加微量的稀土Ce对Sn-Cu—Ni钎料合金的熔化温度和密度影响不大,而其电阻率有所上升。随着Ce含量的不断增加,钎料焊点表面的光亮度随之增加,钎料在铜基板上的铺展面积也逐渐增大,钎料润湿性有所改善,但是当w（Ce）超过0．05％时,钎料焊点表面光亮度呈现下降趋势,其铺展面积也在减小。     

Plastic characterization and performance of SnAgCuBiNi/Cu lead-free BGA solder joints

Nanoindentation test is performed on study the plastic and creep properties of the Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) lead-free ball grid array (BGA) solder joints. The dynamic hardness of two kinds of solder joints decreases with indentation depth increase. SAC0705BiNi/Cu exhibits a higher ultimate dynamic hardness and a smaller indentation depth than SAC305/Cu. Then the strain hardening phenomenon of SAC305/Cu is more obvious compared to that of SAC0705BiNi/Cu. The indentation creep of SAC0705BiNi/Cu solder joint is lower than that of SAC305/Cu solder joint before and after thermal shock. The creep rate sensitive index of SACBiNi/Cu solder joint is lower than that of solder joint. SAC0705BiNi/Cu solder joint is superior to SAC305/Cu solder joint in the anti-creep property. The plasticity of SAC0705BiNi/Cu and SAC305/Cu solder joints are similar. Compared with SAC305 solder, the SAC0705BiNi solder performs higher hardness and solder creep resistance and still maintains a good plasticity.     

Ni和Bi元素对SnAgCu钎焊界面金属化合物生长速率的影响

通过加速温度时效方法研究Ni和Bi元素对低银(含银量小于1%,质量分数)Sn-Ag-Cu(LASAC)钎料界面IMC生长速率的影响。通过与高银钎料SAC305和低银钎料LASAC对比,分析添加Ni和Bi元素后LASAC钎料在高温时效过程中热疲劳抗性的变化情况。结果表明:LASAC/Cu、LASAC-Bi/Cu和SAC305/Cu界面IMC时效后均形成较厚的Cu3Sn层,LASAC-Ni/Cu界面经IMC时效后则形成较薄的(Cu,Ni)3Sn;高银钎料SAC305在180℃时效下IMC生长速率为2.17×10-5μm2/s,与之相比,低Ag钎料LASAC IMC在时效过程中生长速率较高,为3.8×10-5μm2/s;Ni和Bi元素的添加均可降低钎料LASAC/Cu界面IMC的生长速率,其中Bi的改善效果最显著,LASAC-Bi钎料的IMC生长速率为1.92×10-5μm2/s,低于SAC305钎料的IMC生长速率。     

共晶SnAgCu钎料合金定向凝固研究

依据定向凝固技术原理,自行开发出可控凝固平台,并利用该平台对SAC305钎料合金的凝固行为进行研究,分析定向凝固条件对SAC305钎料合金显微组织的影响。在快速冷却条件下,显微组织富锡相有明显定向生长,增大冷却速率可使柱状富锡相连续性增强,并有抑制二次枝晶生长的趋势。快速冷却使金属间化合物尺寸明显减小,弥散分布,达到提高钎料显微硬度的目的。     

板级封装焊点中热疲劳裂纹的萌生及扩展过程

采用试验观测和数值模拟相结合的方法研究表面贴装板级封装焊点在热疲劳过程中的裂纹萌生及扩展规律。结果表明,在热疲劳过程中,焊点上存在着3个典型的热疲劳裂纹萌生位置,其中器件与钎料的交角附近区域最容易发生裂纹萌生。这与数值模拟分析得到的焊点在热疲劳过程中所产生的非弹性应变分布规律基本一致。无铅钎料焊点相对于锡铅钎料焊点具有相对较长的热疲劳寿命;焊盘尺寸较小时,热疲劳裂纹扩展速度相对较大。这与焊点中的等效非弹性应变数值具有较好的一致性。     

Influence of bismuth on microstructure,thermal properties,mechanical performance,and interfacial behavior of SAC305-xBi/Cu solder joints

This research sought to improve the properties of SAC305 solder joints by the addition of 1 and 2 wt.% Bi. The effects of bismuth doping on the microstructure, thermal properties, and mechanical performance of the SAC305-xBi/Cu solder joints were investigated. Bi-doping modified the microstructure of the solder joints by refining the primary β-Sn and eutectic phases. Bi-doping below 2 wt.% dissolved in the β-Sn matrix and formed a solid solution, whereas Bi additions equal to or greater than 2 wt.% formed Bi precipitates in the β-Sn matrix. Solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening mechanisms in the β-Sn matrix increased the ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of the alloy from 35.7 MPa and 12.6 HV to 55.3 MPa and 20.8 HV, respectively, but elongation decreased from 24.6% to 16.1%. The fracture surface of a solder joint containing 2 wt.% Bi was typical of a brittle failure rather than a ductile failure. The interfacial layer of all solder joints comprised two parallel IMC layers: a layer of Cu₆Sn₅ and a layer of Cu₃Sn. The interfacial layer was thinner and the shear strength was greater in SAC305-xBi/Cu joints than in SAC305/Cu solder joints. Therefore, small addition of Bi refined microstructure, reduced melting temperature and improved the mechanical performance of SAC305/Cu solder joints.     

SnAgCu-xPr钎料组织及性能

研究了不同含量Pr元素（质量分数分别为0,0.05%,0.5%）对Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu无铅钎料凝固特性、润湿铺展性能以及微观组织的影响.结果表明,SAC,SAC-0.05Pr以及SAC-0.5Pr的凝固所需过冷度分别为20.6,5.0,5.1℃,说明适量Pr元素的加入能够显著降低SnAgCu钎料凝固所需的过冷度;同时,Pr元素的加入细化了钎料组织,降低钎料组织中初晶β-Sn的尺寸,抑制了SnAgCu/Cu焊点内部不同形貌大块化合物Ag3Sn初晶的形成;当Pr元素的添加量为0.05%时,钎料润湿性能最优、组织最佳;0.5%Pr元素的添加会在钎料以及焊点内部形成PrSn3相,对焊点的性能造成不利的影响.     

The Nucleation of Sn in Undercooled Melts: The Effect of Metal Impurities

The dependence of the solidification temperature on the concentration x of impurity atoms, M, of Sn-M _x alloys after cooling from the melt was measured separately for M = Co, Ni, Ag, and Cu. For a comparison, similar measurements were performed on SAC305-Ni _x alloys. Large variations in undercooling were observed. It was found that the Ag atoms dissolved in the Sn-Ag melt significantly lowered undercooling, although the presence of Ag₃Sn intermetallic compounds did not. While Cu₆Sn₅ intermetallic compounds in Sn-Cu melts did not significantly lower undercooling, the undercooling of a Sn-Cu melt in contact with a Cu interface was significantly reduced. The addition of Ni to Pb-free solder SAC305 caused a factor of two reduction in the undercooling, similar to that observed after the addition of Ni to high-purity Sn.     

Comparative Study on Solid-State and Metastable Liquid-State Aging for SAC305/Cu Joints

In order to study the in?uence of the physical state of solder on the interfacial reaction of dip-soldered Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu/Cu system, two kinds of experiments were designed, including:(1) solid-state aging between the solder and Cu substrate;(2)liquid-state aging between the metastable supercooled liquid-state solder and Cu substrate. The aging times were 30, 60,120 and 180 min, respectively, and the aging temperature was 8 ℃ lower than the melting point of the Sn-3.0 Ag-0.5 Cu(SAC305) alloy(217 ℃). The experimental data revealed that the physical state of the solder obviously affected the formation of the intermetallic compound(IMC), and resulted in the difference in the diffusion of atoms on the interface between the SAC305 solder and Cu substrate. The IMC interface after aging for 30 min presents unique characteristics compared with that of the sample after dip soldering. The IMC interface of solid-state aged SAC305/Cu couple is relatively planar, while the IMC interface under metastable supercooled liquid-state aging conditions presents scallop-like shape.