热电势预测硬质合金刀片寿命的研究

本文以YT30、YW2、YT715、YG6A四个牌号的硬质合金刀片为研究对象,通过大量试验,分析了硬质合金刀片的热电性能与其耐磨性的相关关系,而且根据实验结果分别得到了四种牌号的硬质合金刀片的热电势与磨损值的相关性实验公式。依据这些相关性实验公式,分别对YT30、YW2、YT715、YG6A四种硬质合金刀片每种选择5片刀片,在刀片使用前测量其热电势,判断其未来使用寿命,然后通过实际磨损实验检验预测结果。实验结果表明,采用测量硬质合金刀片的热电特性达到预测其使用性能的方法是可行的,其准确度也较好。     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷刀具的切削性能

利用真空烧结工艺和表面氮化处理工艺制备纳米复合Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷可转位刀片和功能梯度可转位刀片,并对刀片的切削性能进行分析。结果表明:切削正火态45#钢、淬火态45#钢和奥氏体不锈钢时,与YT15、YG8、TN20相比,制备的刀具皆表现出较优的切削性能和较高的耐磨性,表面经氮化处理后,刀具的表面硬度提高了HRA2.2,大幅度提高了刀具的抗热冲击性能。具有梯度结构的金属陶瓷刀片切削正火钢、铸铁和不锈钢时的切削性能比无梯度结构金属陶瓷刀片的切削性能优良,具有更高的耐磨性。     

Rare Earth Compounds in Cemented Carbides with Trace Rare Earth Additions

The morphology,structure and distribution of the rare earth compounds in the YG8R.YT5R and YT14Rcemented carbides with additions of trace light rare earths were studied with an analytical electron microscope.The particles of the rare earth compounds in these alloys are all spherical and distribute at interfaces betweenthe Co-cement phase and WC hard phase or(TiW)C solid solution,and in the(TiW)C solid solution.In theYG8R and YTI4R alloys,the rare earth compound is RE_2O_3 with a bcc structure,while in the YT5R alloy.the rare earth compound is RE_2O_2S with a hcp structure.     

不同刀具材料车削耐热钢性能分析

本文选用YW2、YG6X和YL100陶瓷刀具对1Cr23Ni18奥氏体型耐热钢进行车削试验,结果表明低速切削时YG6X和YW2刀具耐用度和表面质量比较好.当切削速度较高时,YL100陶瓷刀具耐用度优于YG6X和YW2.     

高温合金切削刀具的研究现状及进展

高温合金具有较高的强度、抗高温氧化性等性能,被广泛应用于各种领域中,其加工时切削温度高、加工硬化严重、刀具磨损严重,是最难加工的材料之一。本文综述了国内外高温合金切削刀具的研究现状。阐述了高温合金的切削特性,重点对高速钢、硬质合金、涂层硬质合金、陶瓷、PCVB这几类高温合金切削刀具材料的研究现状进行了分析;同时,也对国内外切削高温合金刀具的结构、切削加工工艺参数以及磨损机理的研究现状进行了概述。在此基础上,发现高温合金切削刀具虽然已经研发设计出了多种新刀具材料、新切削工艺参数,但仍然需要进一步了解影响刀具性能的因素及刀具磨损机理。因此,本文提出了建立评估刀具使用性能体系和研发高性能的刀具材料是高温合金切削刀具的主要研究方向。     

Wear mechanisms of PVD ZrN coated tools in machining

Medium-frequency magnetron sputtered PVD ZrN coatings (ZrN, ZrN/Zr) were deposited on YT15 (WC + 15%TiC + 6%Co) cemented carbide. Microstructural and fundamental properties of these ZrN coatings were examined. Dry machining tests on hardened steel were carried out with these coated tools. The wear surface features were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that deposition of the PVD ZrN coatings onto the YT15 cemented carbide causes great increase in surface hardness. The ZC-1 coated tool (ZrN/YT15 without interlayer) has the highest surface hardness; while the ZC-2 (ZrN/Zr/YT15 with a Zr interlayer) shows the highest adhesion load for the coatings to the substrate. The ZrN coated tools exhibit improved rake and flank wear resistance to that of the YT15 tool. The coated tools with a Zr interlayer (ZC-2) have higher wear resistance over the one without Zr interlayer (ZC-1). The rake wear of the ZrN coated tools at low cutting speed was mainly abrasive wear; while the mechanism responsible for the rake wear at high cutting speed was determined to be adhesion. Extensive abrasive wear accompanied by small adhesive wear were found to be the predominant flank wear mechanisms for the ZrN coated tools.     

石墨烯涂层刀具的研究现状

针对高效干式切削加工中润滑能力不足,将自润滑性能优良的石墨烯粒子原位生长或者以复合材料的形式沉积于硬质合金刀具基体表面,有望弥补传统干切削中刀具使用寿命和加工性能偏低的不足。介绍了石墨烯材料在金属切削刀具领域中的研究和应用的现状,解读使用不同的工艺制备方法获得原生石墨烯涂层或者石墨烯复合超硬材料,并用其进行金属切削加工和摩擦磨损的试验。结果表明：石墨烯涂层刀具具备优良的润滑性能,能有效降低刀具的摩擦因数和磨损率,提高其使用寿命。     

基于微磨削方法的微织构刀具制备与切削性能研究

目的研究表面微织构对硬质合金刀具切削性能的影响。方法采用微磨削方法在硬质合金刀具前刀面加工出具有不同结构参数的横向、纵向和交叉微织构,通过AL6061切削试验和有限元切削仿真,研究表面微织构对硬质合金刀具的切削温度及刀具磨损的影响。结果采用V形金刚石砂轮微磨削方法能够加工出几何形状规则且表面质量良好的表面微织构。与无织构刀具相比,微织构刀具的切削温度明显降低,高温区域明显减少,其中横向织构刀具降温效果最为显著。微织构刀具的切削温度随沟槽间距的增大而升高,沟槽间距为150μm时,切削温度最低。表面微织构能够有效减轻刀具前刀面的粘结磨损,横向织构刀具减摩抗粘效果最好,且采用较小的沟槽间距更利于减轻刀具的粘结磨损。随着切削速度的增加,表面微织构的抗粘结作用更加明显,当切削速度为150 m/min时,沟槽间距为150μm的横向织构刀具的切屑粘结面积最小。结论在横向、纵向和交叉织构刀具中,沟槽间距为150μm的横向织构刀具切削性能最好,即降温效果、抗粘结性能最为显著。     

Microstructure and wear properties of YT758/CuZnNi hardfacing materials

Hardfacing materials containing YT758 hardmetal particles cemented by Cu-based alloy was deposited on the substrate to produce milling tools by oxy-acetylene flame process. Microstructure and wear properties of the hardfacing layers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and electron dispersion X-ray spectroscopy（EDXS） and wear test. The results show that inter-diffusion zone is found at the interface of YT758/CuZnNi, which promises to improve the bonding strength of YT758/CuZnNi. The wear resistance of YT758/CuZnNi hardfacing layers is higher than that of YG8/CuZnNi hardfacing layers. The working efficiency of the milling tools strengthened by YT758/CuZnNi is approximately 2 - 3 times higher than that strengthened by YG8/CuZnNi.     

硬质合金磨削温度场的实验研究

采用半人工热电偶法和人工热电偶法对硬质合金YG6和YT30平面磨削的温度场进行了实验研究。实验表明：距磨削表面越远，其磨削的温度的峰值越来越远高热源。YG6的导热性要优于YT30。YG6在磨削区的温度分布梯度较小，而YT30的高温层只集中在磨削表层附近。     

稀土硬质合金切削行为的研究

研究了含稀土硬质合金刀具在切削过程中的行为．添加稀土后可抑制刀具和工件间金属元素互扩散，降低刀具切割时切削力和摩擦系数．从切削角度分析稀土硬质含金耐用度提高的原因     

Cutting performance of PVD-coated carbide and CBN tools in hardmilling

In this study, cutting performance of CBN tools and PVD-coated carbide tools in end-milling of hardened steel was investigated. In high-speed dry hardmilling, two types of CBN tools were applied: the CBN-rich type and an ordinary one. In the case of relatively low-speed milling, on the other hand, a few coated carbide tools were selected where four kinds of coating films, TiN, TiCN, TiAlN and multi-layered TiAlN/AlCrN, were deposited on the K10 and P30 grade carbide. The cutting performance was mainly evaluated by tool wear, cutting temperature, cutting force and surface roughness. In dry cutting of hardened carbon steel with the ordinary CBN tool, the cutting tool temperature rose rapidly with increase in cutting speed; and tool temperature reached approximately 850 °C at the cutting speed of 600 m/min. In the case of the CBN-rich tool, the cutting temperature decreased by 50 °C or more because of its high thermal conductivity. It is remarkable that tool wear or damage on a cutting tool was not observed even when the cutting length was 156 m in both CBN tools. In the case of coated carbide tools, the temperatures of TiN-, TiCN- and TiAlN-coated carbide tools rose as cutting proceeded because of the progress of tool wear, but that of TiAlN/AlCrN-coated carbide tool hardly rose due to little tool wear. When the base material was K10 grade carbide, tool temperature was lower than that of P30 with any coating. The tool flank wear depends considerably on hardness and oxidizing temperature of the coating film.     

抛光垫特性对硬质合金刀片CMP加工效果的影响

目的研究不同种类的抛光垫对硬质合金刀片表面化学机械抛光(Chemical Mechanical Polishing/Planarization,CMP)加工过程的影响,为实现硬质合金刀片高效精密CMP加工提供有效参考。方法利用Nanopoli-100智能抛光机,通过自制的Al2O3抛光液,分别采用9种不同种类的抛光垫对牌号为YG8的硬质合金刀片进行CMP实验,将0~40、40~80、80~120 min三个加工阶段获得的材料去除率和表面粗糙度进行对比,同时观察最佳的表面形貌,分析抛光垫特性对CMP加工效果的影响。结果在抛光转速60 r/min,抛光压力177.8 k Pa的实验条件下,9种不同类型的抛光垫中仅有5种适合用于YG8硬质合金CMP加工。而且抛光垫的表面粗糙度在YG8刀片CMP加工过程中的影响最为显著,抛光垫表面粗糙度越高,CMP加工的材料去除率越高。此外,抛光垫的使用时间对CMP过程也有影响,抛光垫使用时间越长,CMP的材料去除率越小。结论 YG8硬质合金刀片经5种不同类型抛光垫CMP加工后,其表面的烧伤、裂纹等缺陷均得到了极大改善。当使用细帆布加工40 min时,材料去除率最高,为47.105 nm/min;当使用细帆布加工80min时,表面粗糙度最低,为0.039μm。     

低碳钢搅拌摩擦焊用摩擦头的失效研究

选用YG8硬质合金作为摩擦头材料进行低碳钢的搅拌摩擦焊试验。采用游标卡尺测量工具、X射线衍射仪和能谱仪等分析摩擦头在焊接过程中的主要失效形式。结果表明,YG8硬质合金摩擦头在低碳钢的搅拌摩擦焊过程中的主要失效形式为机械磨损、氧化剥落、搅拌针脆性断裂和轴肩变形失效等。引起失效的主要原因是摩擦头长时间的高温高压摩擦,导致粘结相Co分布不均匀或部分扩散流失,严重破坏了硬质合金的骨架模型;失效后摩擦头组织中出现了游离碳和硬脆相Co6W6C,减弱粘结相Co对基体相碳化钨的固溶强化作用,最终导致摩擦头的硬度、强度和耐磨性等下降。     

Machining ferrous materials with carbides coated by chemical vapour deposition I: Interfacial conditions

In order to interpret the wear surfaces of uncoated cemented carbides and those coated by chemical vapour deposition (CVD), it is important to appreciate the nature of the interfaces formed between the tool, the forming chip and the newly created workpiece surface. To elucidate these conditions a series of quick-stop experiments and tool temperature estimates were made with coated and uncoated cemented carbide tools. Three distinct interfacial zones were observed: (a) the main chip-tool interface; (b) the peripheral chip-tool contact at the outer edges of the chip underside; (c) the flank- workpiece interface. These interfaces were essentially similar for CVD-coated and uncoated carbides, but the strength of bonding across the main chip-tool interface was greater for the uncoated carbides, which led to a larger chip- tool contact length and higher rake face temperatures for these tools when cutting steel.     

多弧离子镀TiAlSiN梯度涂层制备及切削性能

针对含Si超硬涂层与基体结合强度不足,切削过程中涂层易发生剥落从而导致涂层刀具切削性能低的问题,采用离子源增强的多弧离子镀技术在硬质合金刀具上制备了不同含Si层梯度结构的TiAlSiN梯度涂层。利用XRD、SEM、OM以及切削试验探讨不同含Si层梯度结构对涂层物相、表面形貌、膜基结合强度、摩擦磨损以及切削性能的影响。结果显示：不同含Si层梯度结构的TiAlSiN涂层主要由固溶的（Ti,Al） N和（Al,Ti） N相组成。其中,低Si直接过渡的TiAlSiN涂层（S3）呈现出较高的硬度、良好的膜基结合力、较低的涂层残余应力和摩擦因数。铣削结果显示,涂层刀具的切削磨损机理主要表现为粘着磨损。当切削速度为80 m/min时,低Si过渡涂层（S3涂层）表现出更高的切削长度（925 m）,显著高于S1涂层的525 m;当切削速度由80 m/min增加至110 m/min时,S3涂层切削长度增加到1650 m。对含Si刀具涂层进行梯度设计,可有效提高涂层的膜-基结合强度和涂层刀具的切削性能。     

Evaluation of the performance of CBN tools when turning Ti–6Al–4V alloy with high pressure coolant supplies

Cubic Nitride Boron (CBN) tools are generally used for machining harder alloys such as hardened high Cr steels, titanium and nickel alloys. The tools are expected to withstand the heat and pressure developed when machining at higher cutting conditions because of their high hardness and melting point. This paper evaluates the performance of different CBN tool grades in finish turning Ti–6Al–4V (IMI 318) alloy at high cutting conditions, up to 250 m min⁻¹, with various coolant supplies. Tool wear, failure modes, cutting and feed forces and surface roughness of machined surfaces were monitored and used to access the performance of the cutting tools. Comparative trials were carried out with uncoated carbide tools when machining at a speed of 150 m min⁻¹. Test results show that the performance of CBN tools, in terms of tool life, at the cutting conditions investigated is poor relative to uncoated carbide tools, as expected and often, reported due probably to rapid notching and excessive chipping of the cutting edge associated with a relatively high diffusion wear rate that tends to weaken the bond strength of the tool substrate. An increase in the CBN content of the cutting tool also led to a reduction in tool life when machining at the cutting conditions investigated.     

精密切削纯铁材料硬质合金刀具刃口磨损特征演化

为研究纯铁材料精密切削时刀具刃口磨损特征演化规律,以涂层硬质合金刀具为研究对象进行纯铁材料精密切削试验。结果表明：涂层硬质合金刀具精密切削纯铁材料的磨损特征有后刀面均匀磨损带、主沟槽磨损、副沟槽磨损、刀尖磨损;主、副沟槽磨损长度都随着切削时间增加而增大且大于后刀面磨损量,沟槽磨损深度与沟槽磨损长度大致呈线性正相关;刀尖退化与后刀面磨损变化规律相互对应,切削初期磨损率大,随后磨损缓慢。     

硬质合金刀具材料化学机械抛光机理研究

目的研究硬质合金刀具材料化学机械抛光(CMP)机理,为改善硬质合金刀具表面质量提供理论支持。方法分析硬质合金刀具材料在酸性抛光液中的化学反应,研究硬质合金刀具材料CMP的化学反应机理。基于接触力学理论计算抛光垫与工件的实际接触面积和单个磨粒的实际切削面积,在运动学分析的基础上,建立硬质合金刀具材料CMP的材料去除率模型,通过实验验证材料去除率模型的有效性。结果在酸性抛光液中,硬质合金被氧化成Co_3O_4。当工件、抛光垫、磨粒类型、工件安装位置确定时,材料去除率与抛光载荷、磨粒浓度和抛光盘转速有关。常用硬质合金抛光条件下,抛光YG8刀具的修正系数Kcm为8.53,抛光后刀具的最低表面粗糙度能达到48nm,材料去除率为62.381nm/min,材料去除率的理论值和实验值的最大相对误差为13.25%,消除了表面缺陷,获得了较好的镜面效果。结论建立的材料去除率模型具有一定的有效性,对硬质合金刀具材料进行化学机械抛光能消除刀具的表面缺陷,改善表面质量。     

Wear and cutting performance of diamond composite material-a comparison with tungsten carbide

A series of wear and rock cutting tests were undertaken to assess the wear and cutting performance of a thermally stable diamond composite (TSDC). The wear tests were conducted on a newly designed wear testing rig in which a rotating aluminium oxide grinding wheel is turned (also known as machined) by the testing tool element.The rock cutting tests were performed on a linear rock-cutting planer. The thrust and cutting forces acting on the tool were measured during these tests. A tungsten carbide element was also studied for comparative purposes. The wear coefficients of both materials were used to evaluate wear performance while cutting performance was assessed by tool wear and the rates of increase in forces with cutting distance.