陶瓷相原始粉末粒度对Ti（C，N）基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备了超细晶Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷和纳米改性Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷试样和刀具。研究了陶瓷相粉末粒度对Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷显微组织、力学性能及其刀具耐磨损性能的影响。结果表明,超细晶Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷和纳米改性Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷的硬质相均具有黑芯/灰壳和白芯/灰壳两种显微结构。超细晶Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷中白芯/灰壳结构硬质相晶粒较多,而纳米改性Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷中硬质相晶粒主要为黑芯/灰壳结构。与超细晶Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷相比,纳米改性Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷具有较高的抗弯强度和断裂韧度以及较低的硬度和孔隙度。纳米改性Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具具有较长的使用寿命,约为超细晶Ti（ C, N）基金属陶瓷刀具使用寿命的2．3倍。     

Effect of WC on the microstructure and mechanical properties of nano Ti(C,N)-based cermets

In this paper, nano Ti(C,N)-based cermets with different WC additions were prepared by conventional powder metallurgy techniques. The microstructure of nano cermets was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that there existed three kinds of “core–rim” structure in nano cermets, i.e., “black core–white rim”, “white core–gray rim” and “gray core–white rim” structures. With the increase of WC addition, there were more “white core–gray rim” and “gray core–white rim” grains. The amount of the abnormal growth grains decreased and the grains became more homogeneous with the WC addition. The lattice parameter of Ti(C,N) would increase with the WC addition. The mechanical properties of nano cermets were also improved with the increase of WC addition.     

热等静压处理对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

用真空预烧及热等静压处理制备了Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。用SEM、TEM、EDX等研究了经热等静压处理后金属陶瓷的显微组织特点。同时研究了真空预烧温度对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明:经热等静压处理后,材料仍然具有芯-壳结构,只是在Rim相中靠近硬质相那一侧不同程度地出现白色细小的析出物。热等静压过程中液相颗粒被重新析出的Rim相包裹是白色析出物出现的原因。当热等静压处理温度高达1450℃时,白色析出物会明显增多,大量白色析出物的出现使材料的机械性能降低。当真空预烧温度为1410℃时,经热等静压处理后,使材料的组织均匀,晶粒显著细化,且白色析出物很少,因而使材料的机械性能得到较大的提高。     

VC/Cr_3C_2对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响(英文)

研究VC/Cr3C2对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷微观组织和力学性能的影响。利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜结合能谱仪研究微观组织。测试横向断裂强度、硬度和断裂韧性等力学性能。结果表明:微观组织中存在"黑芯-灰壳"和"白芯-灰壳"结构;由于添加VC/Cr3C2,硬质相晶粒变细,添加0.75VC/0.25Cr3C2的金属陶瓷晶粒细化最明显;黑芯随着VC添加量的增加而变细,壳随着Cr3C2添加量的减少而变厚;孔隙率随着VC/Cr3C2中VC的量增加而增大;横向断裂强度和硬度均升高,并且均在添加0.25VC/0.75Cr3C2时达到最大值;按适当的VC和Cr3C2添加量比例添加VC/Cr3C2可以有效地使断裂韧性升高,并在添加0.5VC/0.5Cr3C2时取得最大值。     

Microstructural evolution and characteristics during sintering of submicron Ti(C,N)-based cermet

1　INTRODUCTIONThebasiccompositionofTi(C ,N ) basedcer metsisTi(C ,N)andNi.IthasbeenknownthattheadditionofMoorMo2 Cisnecessarytoensuregoodwettability[1] ,andWCorothercarbidesareoftenaddedtoimprovetheplasticityofhardgrainsandhothardnessofthecermets[2 ] .Ti(C ,N) basedcermetsconsistmainlyofcarbonitride grainsandmetalbinder.The“core rim”structurewithinthehardgrainsisthetypicalmicrostructureofcermets .Thecarbonitride phaseenrichedMoandW (therimphase)hasbeenfoundtosurroundthe Ti(C ,…     

WC粒径对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响

用真空烧结法制备了添加微米级和亚微米级WC的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷,研究了WC粒径对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明:添加微米级和亚微米级WC的Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷试样均呈现出典型的"芯-环"结构,但在添加了亚微米级WC的试样中出现了"白芯-灰环"结构。同时,随着原始WC颗粒粒径的变小,其硬质相和黑色的芯相尺寸变小,而且黑色的芯相体积分数也变小。能谱分析表明,白色芯相具有与环形相相同的元素组成,但白色芯相含有较多的W和Mo元素。力学性能测试表明,添加亚微米级WC的金属陶瓷的抗弯强度要优于添加微米级WC的金属陶瓷,但硬度却偏低。     

Effects of NiTi additions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to observe and investigate the microstructure and fracture morphology of Ti(C,N)-based cermets added with NiTi alloy powder. A new ceramic phase is found with the structure of gray core, black inner rim, noncontinuous white inner rim and continuous gray outer rim. The fracture toughness and the transverse rupture strength have a distinct trend to increase with the increase of NiTi powder content in Ti(C,N)-based cermets, while the hardness has the opposite trend. Grain refinement and the increase of metallic phase are the dominant strengthening and toughening mechanisms. Additionally, the crack deflection and bridging may play an active role in improving the properties, as well as the special structure of large metallic binder containing many small ceramic particles. In cermets with a higher content of NiTi powder, the microcrack and the crack closure effect induced by martensitic transformation are advantageous to the mechanical properties.     

Microstructure and performance of functionally graded Ti(C,N)-based cermets prepared by double-glow plasma carburization

Ti(C,N)-based cermets were subject to double-glow plasma carburization which substantially improved the surface hardness. The microstructures were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). It was found that the double-glow plasma carburization introduced a graded surface zone enriched in carbonitride phase and deficient in binder phase. The microstructure of the surface zone of the carburized cermet was different from that of the as-sintered cermets. Besides the carbonitride grains with typical core–rim structure, the amount of smaller grains without obvious rim phase increased greatly, and some carbonitride grains adjoined and congregated with each other. The formation of the graded layer was due to the high carbon activity in the surface region during carburization, which caused the titanium, molybdenum and tungsten to transport outwards and forced the nickel to transfer inwards. After double-glow plasma carburization, the surface hardness was increased greatly and the hardness distribution along the depth was in accord with the binder distribution.     

High-quality Ti(C,N)-based cermets via solid-state nitrogen-pressure sintering: Influence of the sintering atmosphere

Owing to the denitrification behavior of Ti(C,N)-based cermets during the sintering process, nitrogen atmosphere sintering is essential for the fabrication of high-quality products. Disclosing the roles of the sintering atmosphere on the microstructure and properties of cermet is of significance. Herein, Ti(C,N)-based cermets were fabricated under six types of sintering atmosphere. Effects of sintering atmosphere on the microstructure, coercive force (Hc), specific saturation magnetization (Ms (%)), and mechanical properties of cermets were investigated. More rimless Ti(C,N) grains with increased fraction of black cores were formed with increasing the nitrogen partial pressure. Three types of gradient structure of cermets were confirmed caused by the different nitrogen activity at the liquid sintering state. Vacuum sintering induced the formation of thicker rims on smaller Ti(C,N) cores at the surface due to the low nitrogen potential, while fcc solid solutions rich in N was formed in nitrogen atmosphere. Vacuum sintered cermets showed the lowest Hc and Ms. (%) of 3.66 KA/m and 2.13%, owing to the denitrification process. High-quality Ti(C,N)-based cermets were achieved via the solid-state nitrogen atmosphere sintering, benefiting from the optimized core-rim structure, i.e. moderate thickness of rims and certain amount of black Ti(C,N) cores.     

Effect of submicron Ti(C,N) on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

There is an increased industry demand for Ti(C,N)-based cermets with improved material properties. One of the parameters which are supposed to influence these properties is the mean particle size of the Ti(C,N) powder used. In this study the effects of a newly developed submicron Ti(C,N) powder grade on the properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets, including hardness, toughness and microstructure were investigated. The cermets showed only small differences with respect to outgassing upon sintering (investigated by MS-EGA) as well as shrinkage (dilatometry). Cermet formulations with submicron Ti(C,N) could be sintered under identical conditions as with fine Ti(C,N), yielding completely dense bodies of A00 porosity. From SEM and XRD investigations it was found that submicron Ti(C,N) powders cause accelerated diffusion and homogenisation of the microstructure leading to a substantially increased amount of outer rim phase, a higher amount of inverse grains and substantially finer and less Ti(C,N) cores. Upon using submicron Ti(C,N), hardness (HV10) is increased and in one grade the fracture toughness (Palmqvist–Shetty) is increased as well.     

Effect of Fe–Mo–Cr pre-alloyed powder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC–high-Mn-steel cermet

In the study, a TiC–high-Mn-steel cermet is fabricated using FeMo and Fe–Mo–Cr pre-alloyed powders as metallic binders by powder metallurgy techniques. The effect of Cr on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the cermet is studied and the cermet preparation process is optimized. The microstructure and fracture morphology of the cermets are observed with scanning electron microscopy, while phase identification and analysis are performed by X-ray diffractometry. The results show that the particles of Cr-free cermet are angular and polygonal, while those of cermet with added Cr are rounded and ellipsoidal. The grains of Cr-free cermet are larger than those of the Cr-added cermet, which is unlike similar conventional cermets. The grain size of the Cr-added cermet increases slightly with increased Cr content. In addition, the relative density of the cermet decreases slightly with increased Cr content. The hardness of cermet is maximized at HRC 64.8 with the Cr content of 1.0 wt%; with further increases in Cr, the hardness decreases gradually. The transverse rupture strength and impact toughness first increase and then decrease with increasing Cr content, reaching the maxima of 2355 MPa and 13.42 J/cm², respectively, at the Cr content of 1.5 wt%. The strength and toughness of the cermet are improved greatly compared to those of conventional similar TiC–high-Mn-steel cermets.     

Structures and properties of TiAlCrN coatings deposited on Ti(C,N)-based cermets with various WC contents

In this paper, the Ti(C,N)-based cermets with various WC contents were used as the substrates of TiAlCrN coatings. The influence of WC addition on the structures and properties of the coatings was investigated. Besides, cutting tests on the coated cermet inserts were conducted under different conditions. The results indicated that the cermet substrates with finer grains provided more nucleation to the coatings. The grain size of the coating decreased with increasing WC contents in the substrate. W diffused from the substrates to coatings, which deteriorated the adhesion between TiAlCrN coatings and the cermet substrates. The coated cermet inserts presented better cutting performance, when WC was added to the substrates. However, the cutting performance of the coated cermet inserts was weaken when the addition of WC was more than 10 wt%.     

燃烧合成非化学计量碳化钛基金属陶瓷组织与性能

以Ｔｉ粉和冶金碳黑为原料＝０．４２￣０．５０，经燃烧合成致密化制备了非化学计量碳化钕基金属陶瓷。物相分析与组织观察表明，金属陶瓷由非化学计量碳化钛和α－Ｔｉ相组成。Ｃ／Ｔｉ相组成，Ｃ／Ｔｉ增大，金属陶瓷中α－Ｔｉ相减少，碳化物晶粒尺寸增大，金属陶瓷的抗弯强度随Ｃ／Ｔｉ增大而降低，硬度则略有增加。     

Preparation of ultra-fine TiC0.7N0.3-based cermet

Since ultra-fine Ti(C, N) has large surface and high activity, preparation of high performance cermets using ultra-fine Ti(C, N) powders is very difficult at the present. In the paper, deoxidation process of ultra-fine TiC_0.7N_0.3 powder is carried out firstly, and the oxygen content of ultra-fine TiC_0.7N_0.3 powder can be decreased from more than 1 wt% to 0.06 wt%; milling technology of ultra-fine TiC_0.7N_0.3-based cermet is studied in the paper, the results show that the optimum milling time is 45 h and the ball to powder weight ratio is 15:1, and the dispersant helps to achieve a homogeneous distribution of the ultra-fine powder; during vacuum sintering of ultra-fine cermet, pores tend to form, hence NT6B shows relatively lower properties than NT6A. After HIP process (1350 °C, 90 min, 70 MPa), the porosity can be largely decreased. The prepared ultra-fine cermet has typical core–rim microstructure, finer grain size and enhanced properties.     

Effect of carbon content and cooling mode on the microstructure and properties of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

Ti(C,N)-based cermets were prepared by vacuum liquid sintering. The effects of carbon content as well as cooling mode on the microstructure, magnetic and mechanical properties of the cermets were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Hardness and transverse rupture strength (TRS) were also measured. The grains of Ti(C,N)-based cermets became finer and solid solubility of titanium, molybdenum, tungsten in binder phases decreased with increasing carbon content. The thickness of the rim phases increased when the cermet was annealed at 1360 °C for 30 min during cooling, which resulted in the decrease of the hardness and the transverse rupture strength (TRS). On the other hand, the magnetic saturation of Ti(C,N)-based cermets increased with increasing carbon content, which was due to the decrease of the solid solution of alloy elements in binder phases.     

Effect of Mo addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine grade TiC–TiN–WC–Mo2C–Co cermets

Effect of Mo addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine grade TiC–TiN–WC–Mo₂C–Co cermets was studied in this work. Mechanical properties such as transverse rupture strength, fracture toughness and hardness were also measured. Results show that the microstructure exists in black core/grey rim structure and white core/grey rim structure, and the microstructure has an obvious trend to become finer with the increase of molybdenum content. When the added Mo exceeds 10%, ultra-fine TiC-based cermet with an average particle size of less than 0.5 μm is obtained, because of the formation of a Mo-rich rim and the improvement of the wettability between ceramic phase and metallic phase. The transverse rupture strength increases with the increase of Mo content, and the maximum values of the hardness and the fracture toughness were found with 10 wt% and 5 wt% Mo addition, respectively.     

冷却方式对Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用真空烧结工艺制备微米级Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷。通过XRD、SEM等研究了液相烧结后,冷却方式对微米级Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷显微组织、力学性能的影响。试验结果表明,烧结后随炉冷却,烧结体可获得较均匀的显微组织,且环形相完整且厚度适中;冷却时,在液相阶段增加保温台阶,晶粒有所长大且有发生团聚现象发生,环形相变厚,导致材料的力学性能下降。微米级Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷烧结后合适的冷却方式为无保温、随炉冷却。     

Development of TiCN-based cermets: Mechanical properties and wear mechanism

In order to improve the performances of TiCN-based cermets, researchers have paid much attention directly towards developing various new spices of cermets. The present review will try to sum up the efforts in designing and tailing in compositions and microstructures of TiCN-based cermets in recent years aiming at enhanced cermet properties. The relationship between the cermet constituents and their mechanical properties and wear resistance, as well as the advances in the synthesis of TiCN powders and preparation of TiCN-based cermets were included. Special emphasis was paid on the preparation of ultrafine/nano TiCN-based cermets possessing enhanced hardness, mechanical strength, toughness and wear resistance, which has led to a very recent surge of interest in the development of TiCN-based cermets. In particular, it has been possible to obtain dense TiCN-based cermets with ultrafine- and/or nano-structures by means of fast sintering techniques, such as spark plasma sintering, microwave vacuum sintering and so on.     

Microstructure and cutting performance of Ti（C, N）-based cermets heat-treated in nitrogen

Ti（C, N）-based cermets were treated using hot isostatic pressing （HIP） at 1423 K in nitrogen. The microstructures compared with the as-sintered cermets were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and electron microprobe analysis. It was found that high nitrogen activity in the surface zone resulted in the formation of gradient structure. Approximately 20-1am-deep, nitrogen-rich and titanium-rich hard surface zone was introduced by the heat treatment. The nitrogen activity was the driving force that caused the transportation of the atoms through the binder, titanium towards the surface, and tungsten and molybdenum inwards. In the surface zone, the particle size became fine, the inner rim disappeared, and the volume fraction of the outer rim and the binder phase considerably reduced. Small grains of TiN, WC, Mo2C, and nitrogen-rich carbonitlide phases formed in the surface zone during the heat treatment, improving the tlibological property of the heat-treated cermet.     

铝电解用NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷惰性阳极的制备

以高温固相合成法合成的NiFe2O4陶瓷粉体和金属Cu粉为原料, 采用冷压-烧结法制备了Cu含量在5%～20%之间的NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷惰性阳极, 研究了烧结气氛和烧结温度对其物相组成、微观形貌和基本物理性能的影响. 结果表明 通过控制烧结气氛中氧分压在NiO和Cu2O的离解反应平衡氧分压之间, 可以制备出具有目标物相组成的NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷; 烧结温度和保温时间对所得NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷的相对密度有较大影响; NiFe2O4和Cu之间的不润湿性限制了NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷烧结温度的提高和保温时间的延长, 在保证金属相分布均匀且不溢出的前提下, 所制备的NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷的相对密度较小; 金属相Cu含量越高, NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷最高烧结温度越低、最长保温时间越短, 从而相对密度越低、孔隙率越高; 除了尽量降低金属相含量外, 还可向NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷中添加其他金属如Ni和Co等, 以改善陶瓷相与金属相之间的润湿性, 以提高烧结温度, 进而提高其相对密度和耐腐蚀性能.