自适应滤波技术在车辆变速箱故障诊断中的应用

采用振动测量方法进行齿轮箱故障诊断是一种有效的技术手段,但是在进行随车监测时测量信号会受到车辆其它部件振动噪声的干扰。通过对装甲车辆变速箱齿轮断裂故障进行实车模拟试验,同步测量了变速箱体振动信号和发动机振动信号,利用自适应滤波技术滤除了混杂在变速箱体振动信号中的发动机振动干扰,对变速箱体振动信号进行了时、频域分析和调制解调分析。通过Hilbert变换和包络谱分析方法提取了振动信号频率特征,实现了对变速箱齿轮断裂故障的诊断。     

基于倒谱和包络解调的齿轮箱故障诊断

齿轮箱是设备上重要的传动部件,齿轮故障诊断对设备的长期安全运行起着至关重要的作用.根据齿轮振动机理及谱分析来进行振动信息处理和特征提取,是目前齿轮故障诊断中的一种有效方法.分析了齿轮箱的振动故障特性,提出了用解调谱和倒谱两种分析法相结合来对系统的输出信号进行故障诊断的方法.最后在齿轮故障模拟实验台上采集了故障下的振动信...     

基于形态小波去噪的齿轮故障诊断

针对在强背景噪声情况下,齿轮故障信号信噪分离难,给故障诊断带来麻烦的问题,提出了一种基于形态小波去噪的齿轮故障诊断方法。方法结合了数学形态学的特征识别和小波分解的多分辨率分析特性,先采用形态小波方法对齿轮的振动信号进行消噪预处理,再计算信号的时频谱和功率谱,提取故障特征。给出了形态小波方法在齿轮故障诊断中的应用原理、方法步骤和评价指标。仿真和实验结果表明,方法可以有效地去除强噪声的干扰,提高信噪比,突现出信号的故障特征,提高了齿轮故障诊断的精度。     

基于EEMD分解和改进小波阈值降噪的齿轮故障诊断

针对齿轮箱振动信号易受噪声影响以及齿轮箱振动信号比较复杂的特点,提出基于EEMD分解和改进小波阈值降噪的齿轮故障诊断方法。首先对经过EEMD分解的IMF分量中的高频分量进行改进小波阈值降噪处理,重构信号后得到降噪信号。实验结果表明应用该方法可以较为准确地识别齿轮故障。     

新书介绍

1．《齿轮及齿轮箱故障诊断实用技术》一书系统论述了齿轮箱中的三大零部件——齿轮、滚动轴承和轴的常见失效形式，振动噪声产生的机理和故障的主要形式，调制现象和边频带分布特点，齿轮及齿轮箱振动信号的时域、频域和现代解调分析的各种处理方法，提取了十种典型故障振动信号特征。从现场诊断技术需要的角度出发介绍了齿轮箱故障诊断常用的振动噪声故障诊断方法、     

基于小波包能量谱和Hilbert包络分析的行星齿轮故障诊断

行星齿轮啮合振动信号噪声干扰大,难以诊断齿轮的故障。提出一种基于扭转振动信号的行星齿轮故障诊断方法。结合小波包能量谱和Hilbert包络分析用于轴系扭转振动信号进行识别行星齿轮的早期故障。将这种方法应用于行星齿轮箱在行星齿轮磨损和行星齿轮出现断齿故障状态下采集到的实际故障行星齿轮扭转振动信号,发现这种方法能识别两种状态下的行星齿轮故障特征。将小波包能量谱和Hilbert包络分析应用于两种故障状态下的横向振动信号,发现行星齿轮磨损故障不能准确识别。实验结果表明新方法对行星齿轮早期故障的识别更敏感、准确。     

齿轮故障的稀疏编码诊断

介绍了机械故障稀疏编码诊断的基本原理,利用振动信号的幅值谱序列建立特征向量,通过齿轮四种故障的振动信号验证了稀疏编码在齿轮故障诊断中的有效性,并且具有较高的诊断准确率。     

基于时域同步平均与LabVIEW的行星齿轮箱信号预处理方法

行星齿轮传动相对于定轴齿轮传动,结构更加复杂,由太阳轮、行星轮、行星架和内齿圈构成。其结构特点致使其振动信号的信噪较小,对振动故障特征提取带来困扰。以行星齿轮箱实验平台为测试对象,采集了行星轮断齿故障的振动信号,通过时域同步平均的算法处理后的信号与原始信号对比,结合LabVIEW软件平台,验证了时域同步平均算法在行星轮断齿故障状态下的可行性。     

基于小波包变换与神经网络的齿轮故障诊断方法

对齿轮箱故障诊断问题进行研究,由于齿轮的振动信号是非平稳信号,常规的齿轮特征提取方法难以从振动信号中提取有效故障特征信息。笔者采用小波包理论对齿轮振动信号应用db12小波进行多层分解后,从而对信号进行消噪,并对消噪后的信号进行小波包3层分解及系数重构,再次对各频段能量进行处理分析从而得到特征向量。最终应用归一化方法对特征向量处理后再结合RBF神经网络进行故障诊断,并且取得了良好的诊断效果。     

Hilbert-Huang变换在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

为齿轮故障诊断提供了一种新的途径,将Hilbert-Huang变换引入齿轮故障诊断,提出了局部Hilbert能量谱的概念,同时根据齿轮故障振动信号的特点建立了两种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的齿轮故障诊断方法:基于EMD的频率族分离法和Hilbert能量谱方法。采用EMD(Empiricalmodedecomposition)方法对齿轮振动信号能有效地将各个频率族分离;局部Hilbert能量谱可以反映齿轮振动信号的能量随时间和频率的分布情况,从而可以提取齿轮振动信号的故障信息。将这两种方法应用于齿轮故障诊断中,结果表明,基于EMD的频率族分离法和Hilbert能量谱方法都能有效地提取齿轮故障特征信息。     

齿轮裂纹故障的双谱分析

齿轮振动信号中的非线性给故障特征的提取带来较大难度,通过分析裂纹齿轮振动信号非线性产生的原因,利用双谱分析具有提取信号非线性耦合特征的能力,将双谱分析应用于齿轮裂纹的故障诊断中。试验结果表明,该方法能够有效地将正常及不同裂纹程度的齿轮区分开来。     

Application of time–frequency entropy method based on Hilbert–Huang transform to gear fault diagnosis

When faults occur in the gear, energy distribution of gear vibration signals measured in time–frequency plane would be different from the distribution under the normal state. Therefore, it is possible to detect a fault by comparing the energy distribution of gear vibration signals with and without fault conditions. Hilbert–Huang transform can offer a complete and accurate energy–frequency–time distribution. On the other hand, Shannon entropy could give a useful criterion for analyzing and comparing probability distribution and offer a measure of the information of any distribution. Targeting the feature of energy distribution of gear vibration signal, the merit of entropy and Hilbert–Huang transform, the concept of time–frequency entropy based on Hilbert–Huang transform is defined and furthermore gear fault diagnosis method based on time–frequency entropy is proposed. The analysis results from simulated signals and experimental signals with normal and defective gears show that the diagnosis approach proposed could identify gear status-with or without fault accurately and effectively. However, further study is needed to the classify gear fault pattern such as crack fault or broken teeth.     

Virtual prototype and experimental research on gear multi-fault diagnosis using wavelet-autoregressive model and principal component analysis method

Gear systems are an essential element widely used in a variety of industrial applications. Since approximately 80% of the breakdowns in transmission machinery are caused by gear failure, the efficiency of early fault detection and accurate fault diagnosis are therefore critical to normal machinery operations. Reviewed literature indicates that only limited research has considered the gear multi-fault diagnosis, especially for single, coupled distributed and localized faults. Through virtual prototype simulation analysis and experimental study, a novel method for gear multi-fault diagnosis has been presented in this paper. This new method was developed based on the integration of Wavelet transform (WT) technique, Autoregressive (AR) model and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for fault detection. The WT method was used in the study as the de-noising technique for processing raw vibration signals. Compared with the noise removing method based on the time synchronous average (TSA), the WT technique can be performed directly on the raw vibration signals without the need to calculate any ensemble average of the tested gear vibration signals. More importantly, the WT can deal with coupled faults of a gear pair in one operation while the TSA must be carried out several times for multiple fault detection. The analysis results of the virtual prototype simulation prove that the proposed method is a more time efficient and effective way to detect coupled fault than TSA, and the fault classification rate is superior to the TSA based approaches. In the experimental tests, the proposed method was compared with the Mahalanobis distance approach. However, the latter turns out to be inefficient for the gear multi-fault diagnosis. Its defect detection rate is below 60%, which is much less than that of the proposed method. Furthermore, the ability of the AR model to cope with localized as well as distributed gear faults is verified by both the virtual prototype simulation and experimental studies.     

The envelope order spectrum based on generalized demodulation time–frequency analysis and its application to gear fault diagnosis

The generalized demodulation time–frequency analysis is a novel signal processing method, which is particularly suitable for the processing of multi-component amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated (AM–FM) signals as it can decompose a multi-component signal into a set of single-component signals whose instantaneous frequencies own physical meaning. While fault occurs in gear, the vibration signals measured from gearbox would exactly display AM–FM characteristics. Therefore, targeting the modulation feature of gear vibration signal in run-ups and run-downs, a fault diagnosis method in which generalized demodulation time–frequency analysis and envelope order spectrum technique are combined is put forward and applied to the transient analysis of gear vibration signal. Firstly the multi-component vibration signal of gear is decomposed into some mono-component signals using the generalized demodulation time–frequency analysis approach; secondly the envelope analysis is performed to each single-component signal; thirdly each envelope signal is re-sampled in angle domain; finally the spectrum analysis is applied to each re-sampled signal and the corresponding envelope order spectrum can be obtained. Furthermore, the gear working condition can be identified according to the envelope order spectrum. The analysis results from the simulation and experimental signals show that the proposed algorithm was effective in gear fault diagnosis.     

NEW METHOD OF EXTRACTING WEAK FAILURE INFORMATION IN GEARBOX BY COMPLEX WAVELET DENOISING

Because the extract of the weak failure information is always the difficulty and focus of fault detection. Aiming for specific statistical properties of complex wavelet coefficients of gearbox vibration signals, a new signal-denoising method which uses local adaptive algorithm based on dual-tree complex wavelet transform （DT-CWT） is introduced to extract weak failure information in gear, especially to extract impulse components. By taking into account the non-Gaussian probability distribution and the statistical dependencies among wavelet coefficients of some signals, and by taking the advantage of near shift-invariance of DT-CWT, the higher signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） than common wavelet denoising methods can be obtained. Experiments of extracting periodic impulses in gearbox vibration signals indicate that the method can extract incipient fault feature and hidden information from heavy noise, and it has an excellent effect on identifying weak feature signals in gearbox vibration signals.     

基于Internet技术的齿轮断齿故障诊断研究

在无线网络环境下实车试验模拟了故障的发生,测得齿轮断齿时的变速箱体振动信号。介绍了提取故障的远程诊断方法,基于Internet技术和Matlab Web Server功能实现了异地数据上传,并对数据进行了幅值域、频域分析,实现了断齿故障的异地诊断。     

齿轮传动的阻尼减振技术研究

主要研究了各种阻尼减振形式对齿轮传动轮体振动的影响,通过有限元软件ANSYSY计算得到一对齿轮传动周期性变化啮合力,对齿轮进行简化,将计算得到的啮合力作用到齿轮轮体上,比较齿轮轮体在添加阻尼前后的振动情况.结果表明对于单腹板齿轮,约束阻尼层的减振方式优于非约束阻尼层的方式,可以有效地降低腹板振动,减小噪声.     

Experimental studies on the effects of reduction in gear tooth stiffness and lubricant film thickness in a spur geared system

Gears are one of the most common mechanisms for transmitting power and motion and their usage can be found in numerous applications. Studies on gear teeth contacts have been considered as one of the most complicated applications in tribology. Depending on the application, the speed and load conditions of teeth may change triggering several types of failures on teeth surface such as wear, scuffing, micro-pitting and pitting. The above-mentioned faults influence changes in vibration and acoustic signals, due to changes in operating conditions such as increase in temperature and decrease in lubricant film thickness and specific film thickness. These abnormal changes result in cumulative effects on localised or distributed faults on load bearing surfaces of gears. Such damages cause reduction in tooth stiffness and severity of damage can be assessed by evaluating the same using vibration-based signals.This paper presents the results of experimental investigations carried out to assess wear in spur gears of back-to-back gearbox under accelerated test conditions. The studies considered the estimation of operating conditions such as film thickness and their effects on the fault growth on teeth surface. Modal testing experiments have been carried out on the same gear starting from healthy to worn out conditions to quantify wear damage. The results provide a good understanding of dependent roles of gearbox operating conditions and vibration parameters as measures for effective assessment of wear in spur gears.     

齿轮振动信号分解及其在故障诊断中的应用

对齿轮振动信号的测试及分解进行了研究。根据信号基频,把齿轮振动信号分解为啮合振动与旋转振动,这些振动信号可用于对齿轮状态进行定量研究。基于不同形式的齿轮振动信号,介绍了几种方法来提取信号中的故障信息。利用时域平均技术及齿轮振动信号分解理论对某齿轮箱早期故障信号进行了检测。研究表明,齿轮运动信号分解能够有效检测齿轮的各类故障,高阶加速度信号对齿轮某些类型的早期故障更加敏感。