考虑社会责任的闭环供应链决策与协调

为研究社会责任承担对闭环供应链决策和盈利性的影响,进而协调考虑社会责任承担的闭环供应链,构建了由单一制造商和单一零售商组成的闭环供应链,分别在集中决策和制造商作为Stackelberg博弈领导者的分散决策模式下研究了闭环供应链的定价、社会责任承担水平和回收率决策,进一步分析了社会责任承担效应对决策变量和利润的影响,探讨了两部定价契约和收入共享契约对分散决策下闭环供应链的协调作用,并通过算例进行论证。研究表明:与集中决策相比,分散决策存在利润损失,零售价、社会责任承担水平、回收率和供应链利润均与社会责任承担效应正相关,两部定价契约和收入共享契约均可实现闭环供应链的协调,而收入共享契约的灵活性更强。     

奖惩机制下的再制造闭环供应链协调

为了提高闭环供应链管理的效率,构建了奖惩机制下由单一制造商、单一零售商和第三方回收商组成的闭环供应链博弈模型.在集中决策下,研究了奖惩机制下“超组织”的最优决策和利润,并给出了均衡解存在的条件和奖惩力度需满足的范围.在分散化决策下研究了闭环供应链成员企业的批发价、零售价、回收补贴价和回收率决策,分析了奖惩力度和最低回收率对节点企业决策和利润的影响.研究了奖惩机制下再制造闭环供应链的协调机制,并讨论了奖惩力度和最低回收率对协调后的闭环供应链系统的影响.     

不确定需求下具奖惩机制的闭环供应链模型

为了研究奖惩机制对成员企业决策产生的影响,以及如何协调奖惩机制下的闭环供应链,构建了需求不确定下由单一制造商、单一零售商和第三方回收商组成的具奖惩机制的闭环供应链博弈模型。研究表明,无论是集中决策还是分散决策,奖惩机制下回收率、订货量、零售商期望利润和第三方回收商期望利润均提高,并随奖惩力度的增大而增大;零售价均降低,且随奖惩力度的增大而减小,但这些决策变量和利润均与最低回收率的设定无关。制造商的利润同时受到奖惩力度和最低回收率的影响。渠道效率随奖惩力度和最低回收率的增大而降低。此外,研究发现分散化决策下的系统利润要低于集中定价决策下的系统利润,由此提出了改进的收入—费用共享契约和两部收费制契约来协调奖惩机制下的闭环供应链,但两部收费制契约的协调性能优于收入—费用共享契约。     

零售商公平关切下闭环供应链定价与协调机制

将公平关切因素考虑到闭环供应链决策中,研究了制造商考虑零售商公平关切与不考虑零售商公平关切的闭环供应链定价决策问题,研究表明:考虑零售商的公平关切情形时,零售商公平关切的程度越高,其利润就越高,制造商的利润就越低,但再制造品价格与销量及闭环供应链系统的利润不受关切程度影响;制造商忽视零售商的公平偏好时会导致再制造品的价格上涨、销量下降、供应链成员企业与系统利润减少,且新产品的价格及销量对零售商的公平关切更加敏感,说明制造商忽视零售商的公平偏好条件下闭环供应链的再制造品价格受内部公平偏好干扰性小。采用数量折扣契约对制造商考虑零售商公平关切情形下的供应链进行协调,实现了双方的Pareto改进。     

考虑零售商双渠道和回收品质量的闭环供应链定价与协调

为研究零售商双渠道结构和回收品质量对闭环供应链最优决策的影响,构建了包含一个制造商、一个零售商和一个第三方组成的闭环供应链模型,在双渠道闭环供应链基础上,考虑零售商线上和线下渠道并存以及回收品存在质量差异的情况,在零售商主导的前提下,利用Stacke1berg博弈理论求得集中决策与分散决策下的供应链成员最优定价和利润.结果 表明:分散决策下的闭环供应链没有达到Pareto最优,采用利润共享费用分担契约实现供应链协调后,供应链中各主体企业的利润得到提高,供应链整体利润达到集中决策水平;回收品质量不会影响正向供应链中的定价决策,但与逆向供应链中的回收价格、回收数量和供应链的整体利润正相关.最后通过数值分析验证了结论和协调机制的有效性.     

基于第三方回收的双渠道闭环供应链协调机制

针对双渠道闭环供应链的协调问题,基于博弈理论构建了制造商进行网上直销、零售商进行传统零售、第三方负责废旧产品回收的双渠道闭环供应链决策模型.分析和比较了集中决策与分散决策对供应链成员最优定价策略和利润的影响,发现分散决策会导致整个双渠道闭环供应链的效率损失.为弥补这种效率损失,以集中决策的最优结果为基准,设计了一个利润共享—费用分担契约来实现双渠道闭环供应链的协调.算例分析表明,所设计的利润共享一费用分担契约能够有效协调双渠道闭环供应链.     

考虑环境性能和再制造能力的闭环供应链讨价还价协调策略

为了研究闭环供应链讨价还价协调策略,在同时考虑产品的环境性能和再制造能力的基础上,构建基于制造商责任延伸(EPR)制度的由制造商回收的闭环供应链模型,分别研究了集中决策和分散式决策模型下的均衡解,并分析了EPR制度对产品环境性能、再制造能力及参与者利润的影响,同时设计了能够实现供应链协调的讨价还价策略。研究发现,随着生产环境成本和垃圾处理成本的增加,制造商更愿意设计具有高环境性能和低再制造能力的产品;再制造环境成本和使用环保成本的增加均会激励制造商设计具有高环境性能和高再制造能力的产品;而由客户承担的使用环保成本份额的高低不仅影响客户自身的利润,还会对制造商和零售商的利润产生影响;应用Nash讨价还价和Rubinstein轮流出价均能实现供应链协调,当各方谈判人员的讨价还价能力相当时,可选用Nash讨价还价的协调方式;当谈判人员的能力悬殊,且零售商和客户群的贴现率较高时,可选用Rubinstein轮流出价的协调方式。     

专利保护下基于第三方回收的再制造决策

为了探求最适合供应链以及旧产品回收的再制造模式,基于第三方回收商和异质需求市场,考虑无专利许可下制造商再制造和不同专利许可模式下制造商委托零售商进行再制造构建3种再制造模式(即制造商再制造模式、零售商单位产品专利许可再制造模式以及零售商固定专利许可再制造模式)下的闭环供应链产品定价和回收决策模型。通过分析不同再制造模式下的定价与回收决策,零售商固定专利许可再制造模式不仅能够促进第三方回收商提高回收率从而实现最大利润,还能降低新产品与再制造产品的零售价格;同时,零售商固定专利许可再制造模式不仅能同时增加供应链节点企业利润,还能促使旧产品的回收利用;上游制造商应将产品回收再制造外包给下游零售商,并通过谈判收取固定专利许可费用。研究表明,在一定条件下,相比制造商再制造模式和零售商单位产品专利许可再制造模式,零售商固定专利许可再制造模式中的制造商、零售商、第三方回收商能同时实现最大利润。     

零售商从事产品翻新的闭环供应链差异定价策略

针对市场上可能存在的新产品、再制造产品以及翻新产品的异质需求环境,分析了不同市场情形的形成条件及产品的需求函数。针对一个由原始设备制造商、零售商和第三方回收商组成的闭环供应链系统,建立了四种生产模式下考虑零售商从事产品翻新的差异定价模型,得到了相应的最优定价策略,并进行了对比分析;在三种产品需求同时存在的市场情形下,比较了零售商和制造商分别从事产品翻新时的最优策略,并分析了制造商选择零售商从事产品翻新的条件。研究表明,在零售商从事产品翻新时,再制造产品和翻新产品会对新产品产生市场"挤兑效应",同时伴随有"利润侵占"现象;零售商利润与闭环供应链系统总利润在同时生产三种产品时达到最高。与制造商从事产品翻新相比,零售商从事产品翻新有利于零售商而不利于制造商,但闭环供应链系统总利润相对较高;在一定条件下,制造商会考虑选择零售商从事产品翻新,以求得系统利润最大化。     

考虑政府规制和供应链协调的再制造微分博弈模型

现实中企业再制造决策往往受到政府规制和供应链因素的影响,且具有动态变化的特征.为推进再制造供应链的可持续运营,考虑政府规制和供应链协调作用,构建由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的再制造供应链微分博弈模型,分别探讨无政府规制无供应链协调、有政府规制无供应链协调、有政府规制有供应链协调3种情形下新产品和再制品的定价决策及再制造供应链绩效水平.研究发现,政府规制有利于激励制造商积极参与废旧产品的回收再制造活动,而供应链协调契约可以进一步提升消费市场作用并促进政府政策的实施;制造商利用成本分担契约激励零售商进行产品和企业品牌宣传,可有效提高企业商誉水平;在一定条件下,该成本分担契约可以有效实现制造商、零售商和整个供应链系统效益的改进.研究结论对再制造供应链节点间的协调合作以及政府规制政策的制定具有一定的参考价值.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.